OBJECTIVE:To systemically review the efficacy and safety of Ambroxol hydrochloride injection by intravenous drip combined with aerosol inhalation in the treatment of neonatal pneumonia,and provide evidence-based reference for the clinical treatment. METHODS:Retrieved from PubMed,Medline,CBM,CJFD,VIP and Wanfang Database,randomized controlled trials (RCT)about Ambroxol hydrochloride injection by intravenous drip combined with aerosol inhalation(test group)versus Ambroxol hydrochloride injection alone (control group) in the treatment of neonatal pneumonia. Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.2 software after data extracting and quality evaluating by Cochrane 5.1.0. RESULTS:Totally 14 RCTs were enrolled,involv-ing 1 407 patients. Results of Meta-analysis showed the clinical efficacy[RR=1.19,95% CI(1.13,1.24),P<0.001] in test group was significantly higher than control group,the time of cough disappearance[MD=-1.75,95%CI(-1.91,-1.58),P<0.001], asthma disappearance[MD=-1.38,95%CI(-1.67,-1.08),P<0.001] and pulmonary rales disappearance [MD=-1.44,95%CI (-1.77,-1.11),P<0.001] and hospitalization days[MD=-2.04,95%CI(-2.25,-1.82),P<0.001] were significantly shorter than control group,the differences were statistically significant;and there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between 2 groups[RR=1.00,95%CI(0.49,2.05),P=1.00]. CONCLUSIONS:Both the efficacy and safety of Ambroxol hydrochloride injection by intravenous drip combined with aerosol inhalation are good in the treatment of neonatal pneumonia.

This paper describes a new method of temperature measurement in microwave field. This method resolves a series of problems such as the microwave field suppression, the linearization of the temperature sensor and the sensor exchangeability.
Electricity ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Hyperthermia, Induced ; instrumentation ; methods ; Linear Models ; Microwaves ; therapeutic use ; Neoplasms ; therapy

Objective To study the importance of radial height restoration in the type C distal radial fractures and selection of therapeutic method.Methods Sixty-one cases of type C distal radial fractures in the department of joint orthopedics and traumatic orthopedics of affiliated traumatic and orthopedic hospital of Guangzhou university of Chinese medicine from June 2013 to September 2015 were retrospectively analyzed, including 34 cases of C1 type,14 cases of C2 type and 13 cases of C3 type according to the AO/ASIF fracture classification, the cases were divided into the manual reduction and splint external fixation group (27 cases), external fixator group (18 cases) and plate screw internal fixation group (16 cases).The radial height, palm inclination angle, ulnar inclination angle and Gartland-Werley (G-W) score after treatment were compared among various groups.Results Fifty-eight cases were followed up.The radial height, ulnar inclination angle and G-W score had statistical difference among 3 groups (P<0.05), while the palm inclination angle had no statistical difference among 3 groups (P>0.05);the difference of radial height and ulnar inclination angle between the external fixator group and plate screw internal fixation group had no statistical significance (P>0.05), but there were statistically significant differences when these two groups were compared with the manual reduction and splint external fixation group respectively (P<0.05).The G-W score had no statistical difference between the manual reduction splint fixation group and the external fixator group (P>0.05) , but there were statistically significant differences when these two groups were compared with the the plate screw internal fixation group respectively (P<0.05).Conclusion The radial height restoration may better recovery ulnar inclination angle and improve the joint function.

BACKGROUND: Osteochondral allograft transplantation for the treatment of knee articular cartilage defects is one of the longest clinical methods. Although this method is widely used in clinical practice and is trusted by orthopedic surgeons, it still lacks evidence-based medicine support. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of osteochondral allograft transplantation in the knee joint, systematic review and meta-analysis of all available data, and evaluate the efficacy and safety of osteochondral allograft as a transplant substitute in knee joint surgery. METHODS: Literature search was conducted in PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Collaboration Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Database. The application of osteochondral allograft in knee joint transplantation was searched and selected according to the literature inclusion criteria. Articles whose data can be extracted and meta-analyzable were mainly selected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Twenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria and were all case series studies. The patient reported that osteochondral allograft can be used as a graft material to repair knee joint defects. A total of 1 081 patients (1 111 knees) were included in the study. The age of onset was 11-75 years old, with an average age of 34.41 years. The proportion of women was about 40.81%. The follow-up period was 4-384 months, with an average of 76.8 months. (2) In these studies, donors received a minimum age of 10 years and a maximum of 65 years. According to the donor age range and number of studies, donors aged 15-45 were the primary targets. (3) The overall success rate after surgery was 74%, and the overall secondary operation rate was 17%. The success rate of unipolar surgery was 74.44% (501/673); the success rate of bipolar surgery was 50.94% (27/53). The success rate of unipolar surgery was significantly higher than that of bipolar surgery (χ2 =13.679, P < 0.05). (4) Treatment complications occurred in 67 patients (13.14%, 67/510). Common complications were persistent pain at the surgical site (15 cases), graft fracture or fragmentation (12 cases). (5) These results indicate that osteochondral allograft is an effective and safe substitute for knee joint transplantation. The overall success rate is 74% and the secondary operation rate is 17%. It is a treatment with high success rate and low risk of reoperation.

OBJECTIVETo explore whether rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be induced to develop into hepatocytes and the role of the microenvironment of hepatocytes growth in inducing MSCs differentiating into hepatocytes in vitro.

METHODSMesenchymal stem cells were collected from the aspirates from femurs of SD rats by density gradient centrifugation and identified by flow cytometric analysis and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. Rat hepatocytes were isolated by the modified two-step method described by Seglen. Two 6-well culture plates were piled up after the chambers' bottoms of the upper plate was removed. Then the upper and lower chambers were separated by a semi-permeable membrane. MSCs and hepatocytes of rats were plated separately in the upper and lower chambers of the two 6-well culture plates for co-culturing. MSCs cultured alone without co-culturing with hepatocytes served as controls. On days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28, mRNA of cytokeratin 18 (CK-18), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and albumin were detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunocytochemistry staining of CK-18 AFP and albumin were also examined.

RESULTSThe shapes of MSCs co-cultured with hepatocytes changed and their sizes and numbers increased in the course of the culturing. When MSCs were co-cultured with hepatocytes for 2 weeks, colonies composed of polygonal cells resembling mature hepatocytes were found. In the controls, shapes of cells also changed and their sizes and numbers increased, but colonies composed of polygonal cells resembling mature hepatocytes were not found. Of the MSCs co-cultured with hepatocytes, on day 7, the mRNA of AFP was detected by RT-PCR, and it increased on day 14, and then decreased on day 21. mRNA of albumin and CK-18 were detected by RT-PCR from day 14 to day 28 in the co-cultured cells, but mRNA of AFP and CK-18 and albumin were not detected in the controls in the course of the culturing. Immunocytochemical analysis for CK-18, albumin, and AFP, showed positive staining reaction for AFP on day 7, for CK-18 and AFP on day 14 in the co-cultured cells but not in the controls.

CONCLUSIONSRat MSCs co-cultured with hepatocytes can differentiate into hepatocytes.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo explore whether the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of rats can be induced into hepatocytes and the condition of differentiation in vitro.

METHODSMesenchymal stem cells were collected from the femora of SD rats by density gradient centrifugation and identified by flow cytometric analysis and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) staining. MSCs were divided into 4 groups to induce differentiation with the different concentration of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in culture medium. The concentration of each group was group A 0 ng/ml, group B 10 ng/ml, group C 20 ng/ml and group D 40 ng/ml, respectively. The morphological changes of MSCs were observed by phase-contrast microscope. On day 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28, mRNA of albumin, AFP and CK18 of MSCs of each group were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the expressions of them were also detected with immunohistochemistry technique.

RESULTSMesenchymal stem cells collected from the femora of SD rats expressed antigens of CD29, CD44 and CD90, but not CD34 and CD45. AKP staining was negative for all of MSCs. On day 7, AFP mRNA of MSCs in group C and D could be detected by RT-PCR, and increased on day 14, and then directed on day 21. Albumin and CK18 mRNA of MSCs in group C and D could also be detected from day 14 to day 28 by RT-PCR. On the contrary, mRNA of AFP, CK18 and albumin was not detected in group A and B of culture. Immunocytochemical analysis for CK18, albumin and AFP showed positive staining reaction for AFP on day 7, for CK18 and albumin on day 14 in group C and D, and negative staining reaction both in group A and B of culture.

CONCLUSIONMSCs of adult rats cultured in high concentration of HGF can differentiate into hepatocytes.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To analyze the failure ratio and the causes of the inoculation failure of hepatitis B virus(HBV)-vaccine in children and relevant the remedial measures. Methods One thousand three hundred and sixty cases treated in Suzhou Wuzhong people′s hospital during Jan.2007 to Jul.2008 were chosen,of whom 286 children from 1-5 years old to be anti-HBs negative or anti-HBs titre to be 0-10 IU/L were screened,and specific failure reasons for the vaccination were analyzed,also the timely treatment measures were taken.Then 286 children were divided into 5 groups randomly.Apart from one group was set up as blank control,the other 4 groups were arranged to accept different immunization methods with 0,1,2 month schedule,group A simply got revaccinated with HB vaccine(10 ?g) 3 times;group B revaccinated with double dosage of HB vaccine(20 ?g) 3 times;group C besides being revaccinated 3 times,the immune regulatory agent was jointly used;group D revaccinated 3 times with genetically engineered CHO hepatitis B vaccine. Results The ratio of failure of HBV-vaccine was 21.03%,what caused failure of hepatitis B vaccine included immunologic inadequacy 218(76.22%),repeated respiratory infection 192 cases(67.13%),abuse hormone 140 cases(48.95%),zinc deficiency 129 cases(45.10%),anaemia 108 cases(37.76%),passive smoking 80 cases(27.97%),the mother being chronic parenchymatous nephritis or HBV carrier 63 cases(22.03%),premature 54 cases(18.88%),adiposity 38 cases(13.29%),dystrophy 29 cases(10.14%).There were 4 methods of revaccination,the positive rate for group A,B,C,D were 90.00%,96.47%,99.08%,95.83%,respectively.Group C had the highest positive rate,compared with the other 3 groups,which were statistically significant(P a

In this paper, three kinds of chemotactic parameters (concentration, temperature and pH) were determined by plate assay and spore germination method to research the chemotactic response of Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria panax, and their spores on total ginsenosides. The results showed that Botrytis cinerea had strong chemotactic response at the mid-concentration of total ginsenosides (cultivation temperature was 20 degrees C and pH value was 6), and the data of chemotactic migration index (CMI) was 1.293 0, chemotactic growth rate (CGR) was 0.476 0, spore germination rate (SGR) was 53%, and dry weight of mycelial (DWM) was 0.452 6 g x L(-1); however, Alternaria panax had strong chemotactic response at the low-concentration of total ginsenosides (cultivation temperature was 25 degrees C and pH value was 6), and the data of chemotactic migration index (CMI) was 1.235 4, chemotactic growth rate (CGR) was 0.537 0, spore germination rate (SGR) was 67%, and dry weight of mycelial (DWM) was 0.494 8 g x L(-1). The results indicated that the low and middle concentration (2, 20 mg x L(-1)) of total ginsenosides had significant promoting effect on chemotactic response of these two pathogens, and the spore germination, mycelial growth rate, dry weight of mycelial of them were also significantly improved by this chemotactic response, whereas it decreased as the increase of total ginsenosides concentration.
Alternaria ; drug effects ; growth & development ; physiology ; Botrytis ; drug effects ; growth & development ; physiology ; Chemotaxis ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Ginsenosides ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Panax ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Plant Diseases ; microbiology ; Spores, Fungal ; drug effects ; growth & development ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo explore the operative skills and effect of unilateral pedicle screw combined with contralateral percutaneous transfacet screws fixation in treating degenerative low lumbar disease.

METHODSFrom January 2009 to December 2011,22 patients with degenerative low lumbar disease were treated with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, during the operations, unilateral pedicle screw and contralateral percutaneous transfacet screw fixation were performed. There were 16 males and 6 females, aged from 32 to 71 years old with an average of (51.1 ± 10.6) years, including single segment in 20 cases and two segments in 2 cases. Clinical effects were evaluated according to visual analogue score (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 1 to 2.5 years with an average of 18 months. One case complicated with leakage of cerebrospinal fluid after operation and 1 case with lower limb pain of decompression-side on the 3rd day after operation. Twenty-two patients got bony fusion. There were no instability and evidence of instrument failure during follow-up. The VAS and ODI score decreased from preoperative 8.24 ± 0.72, 36.72 ± 6.84 respectively to 3.18 ± 0.66, 4.36 ± 1.12 at the final follow-up (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONUnilateral pedicle screw combined with contralateral percutaneous transfacet screw fixation is safe and feasible surgical technique in treating low lumbar degenerative disease. It has advantages of little trauma, rigid fixation, high fusion rate, and less complication. etc.

Adult ; Aged ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Female ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pedicle Screws ; Spinal Fusion ; methods

Objective To explore the relationship between polymorphisms of XbaI and MspI loci of apolipoprotein B (ApoB) gene and -75 bp,+83 bp loci of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) gene and coronary heart disease (CHD) in Kazaks of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region,China.Methods These loci were analyzed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-PFLP).Two hundred and five patients with CHD and two hundred and thirty six controls were involved.Results There were significant distinctions among low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),triglyceride (TG) and the ApoAI/ApoB ratio between the two groups,but no significant distinction among the polymorphism frequencies of the four sites between the two groups.The polymorphism coalition frequency of X-/Ms++/M1+-/M2++ (named Coalition 11) was significantly higher in CHD compared to the control group (14.6％ vs.7.2％,P ＜ 0.05).The level of total cholesterol (TC) in Coalition 1 1 was significantly higher and the level of the ApoAI/ApoB ratio in Coalition 11 was significantly lower than Coalition 1～10 in CHD patients.The level of the ApoAI/ApoB ratio of Coalition 11 was significantly lower than the Coalition 1～10 in control group.The levels of ApoAI/ApoB ratio of Coalition 3 were significantly higher compared to Coalition 11 in the two groups,respectively.The level of LDL-C of Coalition 3 was significantly lower than in the Coalition 11 in control group.The level of TC of Coalition 5 was significantly higher than Coalition 3 in the CHD group.The level of the ApoAI/ApoB ratio of Coalition 5 was significantly lower than in Coalition 3 or Coalition 1～10 of the two groups,respectively.The level of LDL-C of Coalition 5 was significantly higher than in Coalition 3 in control group.The ratio of ApoAI/ApoB was negatively related to TC,LDL-C and was positively related to HDL-C,both in CHD and control groups.Conclusion Coalition 11 of the 4 loci polymorphisms of the ApoB and ApoAI genes was correlated with CHD in Kazaks,and perhaps the ratio of ApoAI/ApoB was the most diagnostic parameter related with CHD among all lipid parameters.CHD may also be associated with Coalition 5,and,perhaps,Coalition 3 may have been confirmed as a protection factor against CHD,if more samples were enrolled.