Objective To investigate diabetes specialist nurse training mode and clinical practice conditions in Shandong Province,explore the main factors influencing clinical practice of diabetes specialist nurses,gradually improve diabetes specialist nurses training and application.Methods A total of 232 nurses with diabetes specialist nurses certificates in Shandong Province were carried out with the questionnaire about geneal information,training model,clinical practice conditions by convenient sampling method.Results Diabetes specialist nurse training mode in Shandong Province had achieved remarkable results.The total scores of practical skills were (54.64 ± 9.46),in which the scores of clinical nursing dimension were (12.99 ± 2.90),at top level.By using multivariate linear regression analysis,achiuement in scientific research,assessment form of clinical nursing and sources of training teachers were the ninfluential factors of clinical practice of diabetes specialist nurses.Conclusions It would play a positive stimulating effect in bringing diabetes nurse specialist into full play if we gave diabetes specialist nurse systematic and standardized training,a good learning and communication platform,and effective support system.

Objective: Exploring the reliability and validity of Chinese version of The Social Support Appraisal (SS-A) scale developed by Vaux et al (1986) and the characteristics of adolescent's social support.Methods:Using the scale, 515 junior and senior high school students were investigated.Results:(1) The SS-A scale had internal consistency of 0.91 for the scale and of 0.81-0.84 for three dimensions and a three-factor model was supported by the data (?2/df

AIM: To investigate the mechanism of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) apoptosis after balloon injury. METHODS: VSMCs apoptosis, Bax protein and Bcl-2 protein was measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) and immunohistochemical technique after balloon injury.RESULTS: VSMCs apoptosis occurred in vascular media at 3 days after balloon injury and reached a peak in media and intima where apoptosis was mainly present at 7 days, then decreased. At 28 days after balloon injury, only a few apoptosis cells were in intima. Irbesartan significantly increased VSMCs apoptosis ( P

All tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists are associated with hepatotoxicity and thus induce liver injury, commonly manifested as hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus reactivation, acute hepatitis, drug-induced liver disease, cholestasis, serum liver enzyme activity elevation, and even acute liver failure. Hence, the application of TNF antagonists in hepatic disease treatment remains controversial. This review summarizes currently available data on the mechanism and application of TNF antagonists in hepatic disease treatment. Although TNF antagonists have been applied for many years, large randomized controlled trials are still recommended to assess its efficacy and safety and to achieve a consensus.

Objective To investigate the expression of caspase-10 in differentiated thyroid carcinoma and association with its development and metastasis. Methods Thyroid samples from 37 patients in a period from January 2006 to December 2007, with differentiated thyroid carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed for caspase-10 by immunohistocbemistry(streptavidin-perosidase, S-P), compared to control group of 46 cases with nodtdar goiter. The relationship between the expression of caspase-10 and the clinical pathologic characteristics of thyroid carcinoma were also explored simultaneously. Results caspase-10 were observed as brown or yellow particles located in the cytoplasm or cell membrane of nodular goiter but there were no significant evidence for its positive expression in thyroid carcinoma, caspase-10 expression was markedly down-regulated in differentiated thyroid carcinoma(29.73%,11/37) compared with benign nodules(71.74%,33/46, χ2=14.528, P<0.01). The positive expression in 18 cases with lymph node metastasis(11.11%,2/18) was significantly lower than those in 19 patients without lymph node metastasis(47.37%,9/19; χ2=4.210, P<0.01). There was no significant correlation(P> 0.05) between the expression of caspase-10 and the clinical pathologic characteristics including male, age, TNM stage and pathologic type. Conclusion Down-regulation of caspase-10 may play a critical role in carcinogenesis and development of differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

OBJECTIVETo study the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and risk factors of cirrhosis-related hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.

METHODSEighty-nine compensated and decompensated HCV cirrhosis patients were analyzed and followed-up. The main clinical and laboratory variables were analyzed as incidence factors of HCC with univariate analysis and multivariate analysis regression models.

RESULTSThe patients were followed-up for 86 months. Thirty-five of the 89 patients had HCC during the 86 months follow-up. Their five and ten-year cumulative incidences were 16.9% and 40.4% respectively. Of the 35 HCC patients, 4 had a family history of hepatitis C, 12 had a familial history of HCC, and 7 had a history of alcohol ingestion. Five and ten-year cumulative incidences of HCC in patients with hepatic steatosis were 24.6% and 51.0% respectively. Five-year and ten-year cumulative incidences of HCC in patients with non-hepatic steatosis were 8.7% and 26.2% respectively, and the difference in the cumulative incidences between them was significant (P < 0.05). Hepatic steatosis severity was associated with the severity of the cirrhosis. ALT and TBil levels were higher in the HCC group than in the non-HCC group, ALB was lower in the HCC group than in the non-HCC group, and the differences between them were significant (P < 0.05). Child-Pugh score and the severity of the hepatic steatosis during follow-up were independently correlated with HCC.

CONCLUSIONHCC is the most important and frequent outcome of chronic hepatitis C cirrhosis. Child-Pugh score and the severity of the hepatic steatosis are related to the risk factors. History of alcohol ingestion and family history of hepatitis C are also related to liver cancer.

Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; etiology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; complications ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; complications ; Liver Neoplasms ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family G, Member 2 ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Breast Neoplasms ; therapy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Gene Silencing ; Humans ; Mitoxantrone ; pharmacokinetics ; Neoplasm Proteins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; pharmacology

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; mortality ; therapy ; Humans ; Liver Failure ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Sorption Detoxification ; Survival Rate

Objective　To investigate the protective effect of calcium antagonist Verapamil (VP) on kidney preservation in HCA solution. Methods　After kidneys were isolated from rabbits, they were perfused and stored in HCA solution or in HCA solution with VP pre-supplement at 4℃ for 24 h respectively. The contents of mitochondrial calcium in renal cells and ATP in renal tissues were measured in every group. Results　The contents of mitochondrial calcium was remarkably higher and ATP significantly lower in the kidneys in HCA solution at 4℃ for 24 h than those just after resection. But these could be inhibited in those storing in the HCA solution with VP pre-supplement. Conclusion　Calcium antagonist VP can protect kidney function during HCA solution preservation by inhibiting calcium intaking into mitochondrium.

Objective:To compare clinical features of patients with pyogenic liver abscesses with and without septated lobulations.Methods:Patients diagnosed to have pyogenic liver abscesses who were treated in our hospital from January 2011 to March 2021 were enrolled into this retrospective study. There were 203 males and 132 females, with age of (56±14) years old. The patients were divided into two groups by findings on computed tomography and ultrasound into the septated lobulation group ( n=68) and the non-septated lobulation group ( n=267). The clinical data of these patients were compared. Results:In the septated lobulation group, the neutrophil count was 9.17(5.97, 12.33)×10 9/L and the TBil was 17.65(11.92, 27.84) μmol/L. These were significantly higher than the corresponding figures of 7.81(5.42, 10.81)×10 9/L, 12.90(9.00, 19.68) μmol/L, respectively in the non-septated lobulation group ( P<0.05). The difference in the maximum diameters of the septated lobulation group was also significantly larger than the non-septated lobulation group ( P=0.032). Additionally, pus culture showed the proportion of Klebsiella pneumoniae positive patients in the septated lobulation group was significantly higher than that in the non-septated lobulation group [41.18% (28/68) vs. 25.84% (69/267), P=0.013]. The use of fluoroquinolones in patients in the septated lobulation group was higher than that in the non-septated lobulation group [20.59% (14/68) vs. 10.11% (27/267), &chi; 2=5.54, P=0.019]. Conclusion:Compared to patients without septated lobulations, those with septated lobulations had a larger diameter of abscesses, a higher positive rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae on pus culture and a higher proportion of patients receiving fluoroquinolones.