The treatment outcomes of relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma have been unsatisfactory till date. We reported two cases of adoptive immunotherapy using cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells against relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma. CIK cell production was attempted in three patients, out of which two patients exhibited adequate levels of CIK cell production. Two patients completed full term of CIK cell infusions (weekly for 6 weeks and then biweekly for 8 wk) without serious adverse events. The progression-free survivals for the two patients were 1.9 and 4.1 months. Their overall survivals were 16.7 and 28.7 months. Although the efficacy was unclear, CIK cell infusion combined with other treatment strategies may have prolonged overall survival in refractory neuroblastoma patients. Further studies are needed to determine the exact role of CIK cell-based immunotherapy in relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma patients.
Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells* ; Disease-Free Survival ; Humans ; Immunotherapy* ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive ; Neuroblastoma*