BACKGROUND: Because propofol has cerebral effects similar to barbiturates, it is postulated that propofol might offer more protection than halothane during cerebral ischemia. But there is no consistent data on the protective difference between these two agents. So this study was done to evaluate the cerebral protective effect of propofol and halothane on the diabetic model which is more susceptible to ischemic insult. METHODS: Twenty diabetic rabbits were anesthetized with 1% halothane in O2 and N2O. In propofol group (n=10), halothane was discontinued and intravenous infusion of 1% propofol was started (loading dose: 1.6 mg/kg/min, maintenance dose: 1.2 mg/kg/min) and the remainder rabbits served as halothane group (n=10). Thirty minutes after propofol infusion (same waiting interval in halothane group) cerebral ischemia was produced by combination of around neck tourniquet inflation and systemic hypotension for 10 minutes. Periischemic vital signs, arterial and internal jugular venous gas analysis, glucose and lactate concentrations were measured. Brain histopathologic examination was done with light microscope after reperfusion. RESULTS: The vital signs, glucose concentrations, arterial blood gas analysis and brain histopathologic examnination were not differed between these two groups in periischemic period. During the reperfusion period, the venous blood pH, PCO2, oxygen contents and lactate concentrations were more rapidly returned to preischemic value in propofol group. Also the arterial blood pH and arteriovenous oxygen content differences were more rapidly returned to preischemic value in propofol group during the reperfusion period. CONCLUSIONS: This results suggest that propofol has more cerebral protective effect from complete cerebral ischemia in diabetic rabbit compared to halothane.
Barbiturates ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Brain Ischemia* ; Brain* ; Glucose ; Halothane* ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypotension ; Inflation, Economic ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Lactic Acid ; Metabolism* ; Neck ; Oxygen ; Propofol* ; Rabbits ; Reperfusion ; Tourniquets ; Vital Signs

BACKGROUND: Lidocaine is a well known antiarrhythmic agent. However, recent reports indicate that indocaine has myocardial protective effects on acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. The exact mechanism of myocardial protection of lidocaine is still not clearly understood. In this study we intended to assess the effects of lidocaine on high energy phosphate metabolism in cats subjected to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion by using 31P MR spectroscopy. Effect of lidocaine on size of infarct will also be evaluated by 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC) staining. METHODS: Twenty-seven cats were used for this study. The animals were divided into three groups : for group 1(n=10) and group 2(n=7), animals were subjected to a 90 min of LAD occlusion followed by a 90 min of reperfusion ; for group 3(n=10), a 20 min of occlusion followed by a 90 min of reperfusion. In group 2 and group 3, lidocaine(5mg/kg/hr) was infused continuously during the occlusion and reperfusion periods with an initial bolus injection(1mg/kg) before ligation of LAD. In-vivo MR spectroscopy was performed on a 4.7T Biospec System(Bruker, Switzerland). A home-made surface coil(diameter : 1.5cm) was used to receive31p signals from the myocardium underwent ischemic and reperfusion damage. RESULTS: Decrease of PCr during ischemic period was not different between each groups : PCr showed less than 30% of the baseline value at L-30 in group 1 and group 2 and at L-20 in group 3. More than 90% recovery of PCr was achieved at R-30 in group 2 and group 3, whereas less than 50% of PCr was recovered in group 1. Decrease of ATP during ischemic period was less pronounced in group 2 than in group 1 : in group 2 ATP depleted down to 25% of the baseline at L-90, whereas in group 1 ATP decreased to 50% of the baseline. Recovery of ATP during reperfusion period was not signiflcant in all three groups. On TTC staining, evidence of infarct was seen in all cases of group 1 : the area of infarct was 12.3+/-2.7% of the left ventricular mass and 23.9+/-6.1% of the area at risk. On the contrary, there was no evidence of infact in any case of group 2 and group 3. CONCLUSION: In this study, we found that lidocaine has myocardial protecitve effects on ischemia-reperfusion in cats. Lidocaine improves high energy phosphorous metabolism during ischemia and reperfusion as well as reduces infarct size.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Animals ; Cats* ; Ischemia ; Lidocaine* ; Ligation ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Metabolism ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Myocardium ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reperfusion ; Reperfusion Injury

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the superficial bony healing after guided bony regeneration using a various bone grafts. Four types of bone grafts were performed by one oral and maxillofacial surgeon to restore the defects around endosseous implants. Group 1 included the allografts using Regenaform(R). Group 2 included the autograft. Group 3 included the combined grafts using with autogenous symphysis bone and xenograft(BioOss(R)). Group 4 included the xenograft(BioOss(R)). After some heling period, superficial bone biopsy was performed with the surgical blade(#15) during the second surgery. Histologic and histomorphmetric examination were carried out by one pathologist. There was the most new bone formation in the group 3, next group 2. However, there were no statistically significant differences. All group except for group 4 showed favorable bone formation and remodeling.
Allografts ; Autografts ; Biopsy ; Bone Regeneration* ; Heterografts ; Osteogenesis ; Regeneration ; Transplants*

We performed sinus bone graft using some amount of autogenous bone and BioOss(R) and covered the sinus window with Ossix(R) membrane in these case series. After 4 to 6 months after operation, histopathologic examinations of trephine core biopsy showed following results. 1. There were bone density of 39.2 percent to 41.2 percent four months after operation, and we could observe the favorable early new bone formation. 2. Active bony remodeling of woven and lamellar bone was observed during 4 to 6 months healing period. 3. There were no significant differences between two groups. And also there were no significant differences between 4 months and 6 months.
Biopsy ; Bone Density ; Membranes ; Osteogenesis ; Transplants*

Macroenzymes are high molecular weight complexes formed in the serum by self-polymerization or by association with other proteins. Macroenzymes are filtered with difficulty by normal renal glomeruli. Clinically, it is important to detect macroenzymes, because they frequently interfere with the interpretation of serum enzyme results, and as a result they can cause diagnostic and therapeutic errors. Macroamylasemia and macrolipasemia have been found to occur in apparently healthy humans, as well as in a variety of disease states, including liver disease, diabetes, cancer, malabsorption, and autoimmune disorders. We report a patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and macroamylasemia and macrolipasemia, the latter two of which were discovered using a screening test.
Alcoholics ; Humans ; Hyperamylasemia ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic ; Liver Diseases ; Mass Screening ; Molecular Weight ; Proteins

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is heterogenous in terms of its glucose metabolism. Positron emission tomography with fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) shows various levels of FDG uptake for patients with HCC. This study was designed to assess the usefulness of FDG-PET for predicting the outcome of the patients with HCC. METHODS: FDG-PET was performed for 27 patients with HCC. The standardized uptake value (SUV) and SUV ratio (defined as the tumor-to-nontumor ratio of SUV) was calculated for each patient. The clinical factors of the outcome were analyzed by regression analysis using Cox's multivariate proportional hazard model. The survival rate was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Among the analyzed clinical factors including tumor size, number of tumors, AFP, involvement of major vessels, presence of systemic metastases, Child-Pugh class the SUV and SUV ratio, only the SUV was the only significant independent prognostic factor (p=0.001). On the basis of the SUV, the patients were divided into two groups of roughly equal size: group A, SUV of <7; group B, SUV >or=7. The cumulative survival rate was significantly lower for group B than for group A, and the median survival time was significantly different (4 months vs 15 months, respectively) (p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that FDG-PET is useful to predict the outcome for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/mortality/*radionuclide imaging ; English Abstract ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/*diagnostic use ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/mortality/*radionuclide imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Positron-Emission Tomography ; Prognosis ; Radiopharmaceuticals/*diagnostic use ; Survival Rate

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study evaluated the prevalence and location of colonic adenomatous polyps in asymptomatic adults. METHODS: A total of 2,849 asymptomatic adults underwent colonscopic screening as a part of health evaluation from January 2003 to September 2005. Completed questionnaires as well as the colonoscopic and pathologic findings were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 406 (14.3%) subjects with adenomatous polyps including 78 (2.7%) with advanced polyps. There was a trend toward an increased prevalence of adenomatous polyps with age. The relative risk of a proximal polyp according to the distal findings was 5.7 (95% CI 4.3 ~ 7.4) for adenoma, 4.9 (95% CI 3.0 ~ 7.7) for advanced adenoma compared with that for no adenomatous polyp. There were no index polyps at the distal colon in 30% of the 406 subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Though distal polyps are associated with the proximal polyps, 30% of asymptomatic adults with proximal polyps are not associated with any distal index polyps. For those without any contraindication to the procedure, colonoscopy performed by experienced colonoscopists as a screening test is feasible for detecting those patients with colorectal polyps.
Adenoma ; Adenomatous Polyps ; Adult* ; Colon* ; Colonic Neoplasms* ; Colonoscopy* ; Humans ; Mass Screening* ; Polyps ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires