PURPOSE: In young male patients who suffered several kinds of trauma with subsequent suspicious reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome, we performed three-phasic bone scan in order to investigate its usefulness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with narrow range of age (21-25. mean 22.8+/-1.3, all male) were included with suspicious reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome of 12 feet and 5 hands. Only one was bilateral feet case and 16 were ipsilateral (Rt:13, Lt:3). The etiologic traumas were 4 fractures, 4 sprains, 3 blunt trauma, 2 cellulitis, 1 tendon tear, 1 crush injury, 1 overexercise, and 1 unknown. Radiologically 3 showed osteoporotic changes. Three-phasic bone scans were performed 21.2+/-7.3wks after trauma. RESULTS: According to symptom complex, confirmatory reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome 4 cases and suspicious 13 were analyzed. All confirmatory cases (100%) showed increased uptake at delay phase with periarticular accentuation. Of confirmatory 4 cases, 2 showed increased uptake in all three phases (perfusion: P, blood pool: B, and delay: D), and other 2 revealed decreased P but, both increased B and D. Of suspicious 13 cases, 9(69.2%) had increased D (4 periarticular and 5 focal), 2 decreased D, and 2 symmetric D. In 12 foot cases, so-called weight bearing patterns - increased contralateral sole at P and B - were revealed in 7(58.3%). CONCLUSION: Diffuse periarticular increased uptake at delay phase of three-phasic bone scan was a compatible finding to reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome in young male patients whose symptom complex strongly designated post traumatic reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome.
Cellulitis ; Foot ; Hand ; Humans ; Male* ; Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy* ; Reflex* ; Sprains and Strains ; Tendons ; Weight-Bearing

A 38 year old woman presented with two week history of cough, progressive dyspnea, orthopnea and pedal edema. She had previously been in excellent health with the exception of surgery five years ago for tumor of the right thigh. The histopatihologic diagnosis was chondrosarcoma. Her clinical course was characterized by rapid aggrevation of dyspnea and eddema unresponsive to conventional managements for congestiove heart failure. Transesophageal echocardiogram showed dleft atrial mass growing from pulmonic vein. To our knowledge, cardiac metastasis from chondrosarcoma is rare and we report this is the first case of chondrosarcoma metastatic to the heart in Korea.
Adult ; Chondrosarcoma* ; Cough ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Edema ; Female ; Heart Failure ; Heart* ; Humans ; Korea ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Thigh ; Veins

Wilson's disease is a genetically transmitted autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism which affects the liver. Brain and other organs. The seizure in Wilson's disease is not infrequent but. It's report is very rare in Korea. The frequency of seizure is about 10 times more than that of general population The statistical proportions of types of seizure associated with Wilson's disease do not differ significantly from that seen in the general population. And the most common seizure type is focal motor form. The issue of the mechanisms producing seizure in Wilson's disease has attracted controversy, but the cause of seizure seems to be related with copper itself. Although the seizure is well controlled by anticonvulsants, the prognosis of seizure depends on the treatment of Wilson`s disease. We report a case of Wilson's disease associated with somatomotor status epilepticus.
Anticonvulsants ; Brain ; Copper ; Hepatolenticular Degeneration* ; Korea ; Liver ; Metabolism ; Prognosis ; Seizures ; Status Epilepticus

BACKGROUND: Large series of patients with symptomatic mitral stenosis have undergone percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty(PMV) with use of the Inoue or double balloon technique. But to date the result of the two procedure have not been compared with a single series prospectively. METHODS: In order to assess the immediate hemodynamic results and the longterm efficacy of two different PMV technique, a prospective, randomized trial of PMV was performed using the Inoue balloon(Toray, I group) in 59 patients and the double balloons(a pair of Mansfield balloon. D group) in 61 patients with moderate to severe mitral stenosis. Before valvuloplasty, the patients series were comparable with regard to average age. gender, most clinical and echocardiographic variables. All the patients(120 patients, M/F 38/82, mean age 41+/-11 year) were preselected with good echoscore> or =9. RESULTS: The success rate was 83% in the I group and 89% in the D group when the success defined as mitral valve area(MVA)> or =1.5cm2 with 25% gain in MVA and mitral regurgitation> or =2+ at the end of procedure. The magnitude of increase of mitral valve area and decrease of mitral gradient, left atrial pressure and pulmonary arterial pressure were not significantly different in the Inoue and double balloon series(1.0+/-0.4 and 1.1+/-0.4cm2 for mitral vale area, 10.2+/-6.6 and 11.7+/-6.4mmHg for mitral gradient, 10.5+/-6,4 and 12.9 +/-7,3mmHg for left atrial pressure, and 8.7+/-7.3 and 10.1+/-9.4 mmHg for pulmonary artrial pressure respectively). Immediatly after dilation, the long diameter changes of the mitral orifice was more prominent in the D group(from 1.0+/-0.2 to 2.6+/-0.4cm p<0.01) than those in I series(from 1.1+/-0.4 to 2.3+/-0.3cm) Moreover, the magnitude of increase in the EF slop was significantly larger in the D group(31.9+/-17.0 vs 21.8+/-14.2mm/sec, p<0.001). The duration of total procedure(56+/-20 vs 84+/-24 min, p<0.002) and the fluoroscopic time (15+/-6 vs 25+/-11min, p<0.002) was significantly shorter in group I. The incidence of left to right shunt at the atrial level(Qp/Qs>1.5) was 3.4% in group I and 4.9% in group D. Severe mitral regurgitation> or =3+ occurred in 2 patients in each I(3.4%) and D(3.3%) group respectively. At follow-up, the mitral valve area was significantly decreased(1.6 in group I vs 1.8cm2 in group D, P<0.001 vs immediate after MVA) at 6 months and well maintained at 1 year follow-up in both groups. Until 6 months after valvuloplasty, the long diameter of orifice was greater in group D, however the difference was not apparent at 1 year follow-up. CONCLUSION: The Inoue and double balloon techniques obtained equivalent results of the success rate and the frequently of complications. However, the Inoue balloon technique reduced significantly fluoroscope time and total procedure duration. Double balloon technique afforded a longer longitudinal splitting of the commissure immediatly and 6 months after valvuloplasty. However the differences was not apparent at 1 year follow-up. Increased MVA was well maintained at 1 year in both groups. The severity of the newly developed mitral regurgitation immediately after valvuloplasty reduced significantly in 53% of the Inoue and 43% in the double balloon group at 6 months follow-up. In the view point of similiar immediate and late results of the two methods, the stepwise dilation with Doppler echocardiographic monitoring during the Inoue procedure appeared to be cumbersome.
Arterial Pressure ; Atrial Pressure ; Balloon Valvuloplasty* ; Echocardiography ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mitral Valve ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Mitral Valve Stenosis ; Prospective Studies

BACKGROUND: The value of coronary reperfusion resulting from Thrombolysis and/or coronary angioplasty in patients with evolving myocardial infarction has been rigorously evaluated and improved left venticular function and short-term survival rates have been demonstrated consistently in controlled studies. Benefits from delayed coronary angioplasty at 7-10 days after onset of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) without thrombolysis remains unclear. In order to assess the effect of delayed reperfusion in infarct-related artery(IRA), we analyzed the restenosis rate of IRA after successful coronary angioplasty and the change of left ventricular function at late follow-up angiogram. METHOD: Coronary angioplasty in 69 lesions of 55 patients(M/F:48/7, mean age 53 years) with acute myocardial infarction(AMI) were performed at 7-10 days after onset of AMI and follow-up coronary angiogram (25 lesions of 20 pts) with left ventriculogram were obtained at means 5.1 months(range 4-6 months) after angioplasty. Restenosis rate of dilated infaret-related arteries and the changes of left ventricular function after angioplasty were evaluated. RESULTS: The overall procedural success rate of delayed elective coronary angioplasty in patients with AMI was 86% with a higher success rate in subtotally occluded vessel(98%) than in the occluded IRA(64%). Complications included acute closure after large dissection in 1(1.6%) and on -hospital mortality due to cardiogenic shock in 1(1.8%). Angiographically restenosis rate of IRA was 65% at mean 5.1 months follow-up, which was relatively higher than that after non-IRA angioplasty in AMI(25%) and in patients with angina(24%). Left ventricular ejection fraction improved significantly from 47.2+/-12.7% to 58.8+/-8.6%(P<0.05) at follow-up. Patients who had a patent IRA at follow-up had a restenotic IRA at follow-up had no statistically significant improvement in EF(table 3). Patients with a left anterior descending artery(LAD) lesion had lower mean immediate EFs than patients with right coronary artery lesion, however the degree of improvement in EF at follow-up was more significant in patients with LAD lesion. CONCLUSIONS: Delayed elective angioplasty of IRA at 7-10 days after onset of AMI was relatively safe and had comparable procedural success rate. Higher restenosis rate(65%) of IRA at follow-up appeared to be related, at least on part, to the endothelial dysfunction after ischemic-reperfusion injury and clinically unstable status. Left ventricular function improved significantly after angioplasty at follow-up. Recovery of left ventricular function might be reated to whether or not the IRA had an angiographically restenosis at follow-up.
Angioplasty* ; Arteries ; Coronary Vessels ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Mortality ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Myocardial Reperfusion ; Reperfusion ; Shock, Cardiogenic ; Stroke Volume ; Survival Rate ; Ventricular Function, Left

Activation of epileptic seizure or electroencephalographic epileptiform discharges by mental calculation is rare, not reported in Korea. We report a 10-year-old right handed school girl without previous seizure history who showed clinically absence seizures and generalized synchronous 3 to 3.5Hz spike-and-wave dlscharges only when she attempted to perform difficult mental arithmetic. No further seizure was provoked after Valproic acid intake.
Child ; Epilepsy ; Epilepsy, Absence ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Korea ; Seizures ; Valproic Acid

BACKGROUND: Intimal tear or dissection is a serious complication after coronary angioplasty,sometimes which may develop an acute ischemic event. We evaluate the factor that may predict the development of dissection after angioplasty. METHODS: To identify the factors that development of dissection after angioplasty, the data of 52 patients identified as having dissection with or without immediate vessel closure were examined. Follow-up coronary angiogram was obtained in 22 out of 58 lesions at mean 5.6 month after angioplasty. RESULTS: Intimal dissection developed 58 lesion(31%) out of 177 lesions in 122 patients after PTCA. Ischemic complications, defined as ischemic chest pain, myocardial infarction, the need for coronary bypass surgery occured in 5 patients(9.6%) out of 52 patients with dissections. Significant correlates of a development of dissection were the lesion morphology of type C(P<0.01), more tight diameter stenosis before PTCA(P<0.01), and right coronary artery(P<0.02), especially in the proximal portion (P<0.05). There were no significant correlations of clinical pictures, whether complex or simple angioplasty and PTCA in single vessel disease or in multivessel disease. Morphologic feature of dissection was type A(radiolucency) in 22(38%), B(filling defect)in 14(24%), C(extra-luminal "cap")in 8(14%), D(spiral dissection)in 5(9%), E(filling defect with delayded antegrade flow)in 7(12%) and F(total occlusion) in 2(3%). Twenty-two(38%) dissection out of 58 were obtained follow-up angiogram at mean 5.6 month. Angiographic restenosis occured in 9(41%) lesions, which included more type A dissections (7/9,78%) compared to lesions with dissection healing (3/13, 23%)(P<0.001) at follow-up. Thirteen lesions with dissection healing at follow-up included more B and C dissection(B;54%,C;15%)and E dissection in 1. Furthermoremore restenosis occurred more prevalent in the infarct-related artery(P<0.001) and left anterior decending coronary artery lesion(P<0.01). There was somewhat higher diameter residual stenosis after angioplasty (32+/-11% vs 26+/-10%) in the lesions with restenosis, but there was no statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Intimal dissection after angioplasty occurred in 58(31%) leisions out of 122(177leisions) consecutive patients underwent PTCA developments if intimal dissection after PTCA significantly correlated with the lesions if type C, more tight diameter stenois before PTCA and right coronary artery. At mean 5.6months follow-up,angiographic restenosis occured in 41% of dissections, which had more included type A(radiolucency)dissections, infarct-related artery and left anterior descending coronary artery leision.
Angioplasty* ; Arteries ; Chest Pain ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Vessels ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction

The coronary arteriovenous fistula (CAVF) is a rare congenital anomaly but constitutes the most common hemodynamically significant coronary artery anomaly. Transcatheter embolization is as an effective alternative to surgery even though procedure may be complicated by migration of the coil into peripheral vessels or pulmonary arteries. To our knowledge, the association of CAVF with Turner syndrome was not reported. We report a case of successful coil embolization of CAVF using a complex, helical-fibered platinum coil in patient with Turner phenotype with 46,XX.
Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Coronary Vessels ; Embolization, Therapeutic* ; Humans ; Phenotype* ; Platinum ; Pulmonary Artery ; Turner Syndrome

BACKGROUND: Lidocaine is a well known antiarrhythmic agent. However, recent reports indicate that indocaine has myocardial protective effects on acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. The exact mechanism of myocardial protection of lidocaine is still not clearly understood. In this study we intended to assess the effects of lidocaine on high energy phosphate metabolism in cats subjected to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion by using 31P MR spectroscopy. Effect of lidocaine on size of infarct will also be evaluated by 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC) staining. METHODS: Twenty-seven cats were used for this study. The animals were divided into three groups : for group 1(n=10) and group 2(n=7), animals were subjected to a 90 min of LAD occlusion followed by a 90 min of reperfusion ; for group 3(n=10), a 20 min of occlusion followed by a 90 min of reperfusion. In group 2 and group 3, lidocaine(5mg/kg/hr) was infused continuously during the occlusion and reperfusion periods with an initial bolus injection(1mg/kg) before ligation of LAD. In-vivo MR spectroscopy was performed on a 4.7T Biospec System(Bruker, Switzerland). A home-made surface coil(diameter : 1.5cm) was used to receive31p signals from the myocardium underwent ischemic and reperfusion damage. RESULTS: Decrease of PCr during ischemic period was not different between each groups : PCr showed less than 30% of the baseline value at L-30 in group 1 and group 2 and at L-20 in group 3. More than 90% recovery of PCr was achieved at R-30 in group 2 and group 3, whereas less than 50% of PCr was recovered in group 1. Decrease of ATP during ischemic period was less pronounced in group 2 than in group 1 : in group 2 ATP depleted down to 25% of the baseline at L-90, whereas in group 1 ATP decreased to 50% of the baseline. Recovery of ATP during reperfusion period was not signiflcant in all three groups. On TTC staining, evidence of infarct was seen in all cases of group 1 : the area of infarct was 12.3+/-2.7% of the left ventricular mass and 23.9+/-6.1% of the area at risk. On the contrary, there was no evidence of infact in any case of group 2 and group 3. CONCLUSION: In this study, we found that lidocaine has myocardial protecitve effects on ischemia-reperfusion in cats. Lidocaine improves high energy phosphorous metabolism during ischemia and reperfusion as well as reduces infarct size.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Animals ; Cats* ; Ischemia ; Lidocaine* ; Ligation ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Metabolism ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Myocardium ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reperfusion ; Reperfusion Injury

BACKGROUND: Reperfusion of ischemic myocardium is clinically encountered during thrombolytic therapy of acute myocardial infarction, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA), and coronary artery bypass graft(CABG). Reperfusion results in endothelial dysfunction characterized by a reduced release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor(EDRF) in animal studies. Studies with experimental animals have emphasized the role of oxygen free radicals and lipid peroxidation in pathophysiology of reperfusion injury and myocardial stunning. The object of this study is to determine whether endothelial dysfunction was developed after open heart surgery and to evaluated the role of oxygen free radical and lipid peroxidation in reperfusion injury. METHODS: The study group was comprised 13 patients who underwent open heart surgery(male/female : 2/11, mean age : 43+/-4 year, Atrial septal defect in 4, Ventricular septal defect in 1, Mitral regurgitation in 2, Tetralogy of Fallot in 1, and Aortic stenosis and Regurgitation with Mitral stenosis in 5 patients). The endothelial function was evaluated with the vasomotor response to acetylcholine and nitroglycerin by change of arterial diameter during the continous infusion of acetylcholin, from 10(-9) to 10(-6) molar concentration to the coronary artery and intracoronary injection of 200microg nitroglycerin after acetylcholine infusion. The infusion study was performed before and 10 days after surgery. For analysis of the role of oxygen free radical and lipid peroxidation in reperfusion injury, blood samples for malondialdehyde and neutrophil respiratory burst test(hydrogen peroxide amount of neutrophils) were obtained in pre-declamping of aorta and 5 min, 10 min, and 20 min after declamping of aorta from coronary sinus. RESULTS: 1) The vasoconstrictor response to acetylcholine, 10(-9) to 10(-6)M concentration, at proximal and distal left anterior descending coronary artery, were increased significantly in post-operation infusion study but there was no singnificant difference in vasodilator response to nitroglycerin. 2) The mean absorbance value of malondialdehyde(MDA) in pre-declamping and 5min, 10min, and 20min after reperfusion were 96+/-12, 73+/-12, 89+/-11 and 77+/-12, respectively. There was no significant difference in plasma MDA level and hydrogen peroxide amount of neutrophils after reperfusion(aortic declamping). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that endothelium dependent vascular relaxation is impaired in patients with open heart surgery and post-ischemic reperfusion injury may be responsible for the abnormal response. But we did not determine the role of lipid peroxidation and oxygen free radical in reperfusion injury.
Acetylcholine ; Animals ; Aorta ; Aortic Valve Stenosis ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Coronary Sinus ; Coronary Vessels ; Endothelium ; Free Radicals ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Heart* ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Lipid Peroxidation* ; Malondialdehyde ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Mitral Valve Stenosis ; Molar ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Stunning ; Myocardium ; Neutrophils ; Nitroglycerin ; Oxygen* ; Plasma ; Relaxation ; Reperfusion Injury* ; Reperfusion* ; Respiratory Burst ; Tetralogy of Fallot ; Thoracic Surgery* ; Thrombolytic Therapy