The ten cases of metallic failure after I-M nailing & plate fixation who were treated at depart tment of orthopaedic surgery, Soon Chun Hyang University during nine years from June, 1974 to May, 1983 were clinically analysed. The survey as summerized as follows: l. Of the ten cases, six cases were seen the breakage of plate, two cases were the loosening of screw, one case was the brakage of nail & one case was the angulation of nail. Of the six cases of plates, two cases were DCP, three cases were ordinary plate & one case was Thornton plate. 2. Of the six cases who metallic failure occurred as plate failure, five cases were the femur fractures, one case was the tibia fracture. All case who metallic failure occurred as nail failure were ferumr fractures. Of the two cases of screw loosening, one case was the fermur fracture. One case was the tibia fracture. 3. The average interval between operation and metallic failure. 1) The plate breakage was 6.3 months. 2) The screw loosening was 7 months. 3) The nail breakage was 6 months. 4) The nail angulation was 8 months. 4. The causes of failure after internal fixation. 1) The causes of plate breakage.
Femur ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Internal Fixators ; Overweight ; Tibia ; Weight-Bearing

Since coronary arteriovenous fistula(CAVF) was first reported by Krause in 1865, more than 400 cases have been reported. It is relatively rare disease and originates more commonly in the right than in the left coronary artery. We report a case of CAVF between right coronary artery and right ventricular inflow tract with significant left to right shunt in a 34-year old female who was admitted for the cardiomegaly on routine chest X-Ray. It was detected by transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography, and confirmed by cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography. The opening of the fistula draining into the right ventricle was obliterated with sutures. There was no significant shunt in postoperative cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography.
Adult ; Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Cardiomegaly ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Vessels ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal* ; Female ; Fistula ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Rare Diseases ; Sutures ; Thorax

The multi-decade household humidifier disinfectant poisoning tragedy (HHDT) in South Korea highlights the importance of investigating government failures. This study aims to identify and discuss key failures and shortcomings in the South Korean authorities’ approach to regulating humidifier disinfectants (HDs) and monitoring cases of chemical poisoning. We reviewed both the HD risk prevention measures that the South Korean Ministry of Environment (KME) should have implemented under the Toxic Chemicals Control Act (TCCA) (1991–2013).Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG), a new chemical, was approved for use as a disinfectant under the TCCA. KME declared PHMG non-hazardous based solely on preproduction documentation provided by the industry. In addition, the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCPA) failed to detect the HHDT that had accumulated each year for more than a decade. KME’s neglect of its responsibilities, coupled with KDCPA’s lack of chemical poisoning surveillance systems, led to the accumulation of widespread HHDT.

The multi-decade household humidifier disinfectant poisoning tragedy (HHDT) in South Korea highlights the importance of investigating government failures. This study aims to identify and discuss key failures and shortcomings in the South Korean authorities’ approach to regulating humidifier disinfectants (HDs) and monitoring cases of chemical poisoning. We reviewed both the HD risk prevention measures that the South Korean Ministry of Environment (KME) should have implemented under the Toxic Chemicals Control Act (TCCA) (1991–2013).Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG), a new chemical, was approved for use as a disinfectant under the TCCA. KME declared PHMG non-hazardous based solely on preproduction documentation provided by the industry. In addition, the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCPA) failed to detect the HHDT that had accumulated each year for more than a decade. KME’s neglect of its responsibilities, coupled with KDCPA’s lack of chemical poisoning surveillance systems, led to the accumulation of widespread HHDT.

The multi-decade household humidifier disinfectant poisoning tragedy (HHDT) in South Korea highlights the importance of investigating government failures. This study aims to identify and discuss key failures and shortcomings in the South Korean authorities’ approach to regulating humidifier disinfectants (HDs) and monitoring cases of chemical poisoning. We reviewed both the HD risk prevention measures that the South Korean Ministry of Environment (KME) should have implemented under the Toxic Chemicals Control Act (TCCA) (1991–2013).Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG), a new chemical, was approved for use as a disinfectant under the TCCA. KME declared PHMG non-hazardous based solely on preproduction documentation provided by the industry. In addition, the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCPA) failed to detect the HHDT that had accumulated each year for more than a decade. KME’s neglect of its responsibilities, coupled with KDCPA’s lack of chemical poisoning surveillance systems, led to the accumulation of widespread HHDT.

The multi-decade household humidifier disinfectant poisoning tragedy (HHDT) in South Korea highlights the importance of investigating government failures. This study aims to identify and discuss key failures and shortcomings in the South Korean authorities’ approach to regulating humidifier disinfectants (HDs) and monitoring cases of chemical poisoning. We reviewed both the HD risk prevention measures that the South Korean Ministry of Environment (KME) should have implemented under the Toxic Chemicals Control Act (TCCA) (1991–2013).Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG), a new chemical, was approved for use as a disinfectant under the TCCA. KME declared PHMG non-hazardous based solely on preproduction documentation provided by the industry. In addition, the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCPA) failed to detect the HHDT that had accumulated each year for more than a decade. KME’s neglect of its responsibilities, coupled with KDCPA’s lack of chemical poisoning surveillance systems, led to the accumulation of widespread HHDT.

BACKGROUND: To overcome the limitation of angiography, intravascular ultrasound(IVUS) is widely used to guide coronary stent implantation. We compared the quantitative measurements of IVUS and quantitaitve coronary angiographic(QVA) analysis after stent implantation. METHODS: Thirty nine patients with 39 coronary lesions underwent coronary stent implantation. The implanted stents were CrossFlex stent in 17, NIR stent in 13, Palmaz-Schatz stent in 6, Multilink stent in 2 patients, and Divysio stent in 1 patient. Post-stent IVUS procedure with automatic pullback device was performed successfully in all patients after angiographic optimization. IVUS and QCA measurements included the minimum lumen diameter at proximal and distal reference artery, and stented site after intracoronary administration of 0.2mg nitroglycerin. RESULTS: IVUS and QCA measurement of minimal luminal diameter(MLD) at proximal and distal reference artery, and stented site correlated reliably each other(r=0.62, p<0.01 ; r=0.77, p<0.01 ; r=0.73, p<0.01 respectively). Event if insignificant statistical difference, there was a tendency of larger MLD at proximal and distal reference artery by IVUS measurement than by QCA measurement(3.2+/-0.5mm vs. 3.1+/-0.4mm, p=0.2 : 3.1+/-0.6mm vs. 3.0+/-0.7mm, p=0.2, respectively). The MLD at stented site was significantly larger by QCA measurement than by IVUS measurement(3.2+/-0.6mm vs. 2.9+/-0.5mm, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded 1) the correlation between IVUS and QCA measurements of reference vessel and stented site was reliable. 2) There was a tendency of larger luminal diameter at reference vessel by IVUS than by QCA. 3) The minimal luminal diameter was measured significantly larger at stented site by QCA than by IVUS.
Angiography ; Arteries ; Coronary Vessels* ; Humans ; Nitroglycerin ; Phenobarbital ; Stents* ; Ultrasonography*

A food exchange system for diabetes is a useful tool for meal planning and nutritional education. The first edition of the Korean food exchange lists was developed in 1988 and the second edition was revised in 1995. With recent changes in the food marketplace and eating patterns of Koreans, the third edition of food exchange lists was revised in 2010 by the Korean Diabetes Association, the Korean Nutrition Society, the Korean Society of Community Nutrition, the Korean Dietetic Association and the Korean Association of Diabetes Dietetic Educators through a joint research effort. The third edition is based on nutritional recommendations for people with diabetes and focuses in adding foods to implement personalized nutrition therapy considering individual preferences in diverse dietary environment. Foods were selected based on scientific evidence including the 2007 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data analysis and survey responses from 53 diabetes dietetic educators. While a few foods were deleted, a number of foods were added, with 313 food items in food group lists and 339 food items in the appendix. Consistent with previous editions, the third edition of the food exchange lists included six food categories (grains, meat, vegetables, fats and oils, milk, and fruits). The milk group was subdivided into whole milk group and low fat milk. The standard nutrient content in one exchange from each food group was almost the same as the previous edition. Korea Food & Drug Administration's FANTASY(Food And Nutrient daTA SYstem) database was used to obtain nutrient values for each individual food and to determine the serving size most appropriate for matching reference nutrients values by each food group. The revised food exchange lists were subjected to a public hearing by experts. The third edition of the food exchange lists will be a helpful tool for educating people with diabetes to select the kinds and amounts of foods for glycemic control, which will eventually lead to preventing complications while maintaining the pleasure of eating.
Appendix ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Eating ; Fats ; Hearing ; Humans ; Joints ; Korea ; Meals ; Meat ; Milk ; Nutrition Surveys ; Nutrition Therapy ; Oils ; Pleasure ; Statistics as Topic ; Vegetables

Campylobacter infection causes gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain or diarrhea. Occasionally, Campylobacter bacteremia affects immunocompromised patients; however, serious outcomes are known to be rare. Here, we present a case of a patient with Campylobacter bacteremia who had underlying liver cirrhosis. The patient had fever and diarrhea. These symptoms subsided after treatment with cefotaxime. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated in the blood culture after 10 days. In addition, previously reported cases of Campylobacter bacteremia in Asian countries were reviewed with respect to antimicrobial sensitivities.
Abdominal Pain ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Bacteremia* ; Campylobacter Infections ; Campylobacter jejuni* ; Campylobacter* ; Cefotaxime ; Diarrhea ; Fever ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Liver Cirrhosis* ; Liver*

A food exchange system for diabetes is a useful tool for meal planning and nutritional education. The first edition of the Korean food exchange lists was developed in 1988 and the second edition was revised in 1995. With recent changes in the food marketplace and eating patterns of Koreans, the third edition of food exchange lists was revised in 2010 by the Korean Diabetes Association, the Korean Nutrition Society, the Korean Society of Community Nutrition, the Korean Dietetic Association and the Korean Association of Diabetes Dietetic Educators through a joint research effort. The third edition is based on nutritional recommendations for people with diabetes and focuses on adding foods to implement personalized nutrition therapy considering individual preferences in diverse dietary environment. Foods were selected based on scientific evidence including the 2007 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data analysis and survey responses from 53 diabetes dietetic educators. While a few foods were deleted, a number of foods were added, with 313 food items in food group lists and 339 food items in the appendix. Consistent with previous editions, the third edition of the food exchange lists included six food categories (grains, meat, vegetables, fats and oils, milk, and fruits). The milk group was subdivided into whole milk group and low fat milk. The standard nutrient content in one exchange from each food group was almost the same as the previous edition. Korea Food & Drug Administration's FANTASY (Food And Nutrient daTA SYstem) database was used to obtain nutrient values for each individual food and to determine the serving size most appropriate for matching reference nutrients values by each food group. The revised food exchange lists were subjected to a public hearing by experts. The third edition of the food exchange lists will be a helpful tool for educating people with diabetes to select the kinds and amounts of foods for glycemic control, which will eventually lead to preventing complications while maintaining the pleasure of eating.
Appendix ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Eating ; Fantasy ; Fats ; Hearing ; Humans ; Joints ; Korea ; Meals ; Meat ; Milk ; Nutrition Surveys ; Nutrition Therapy ; Oils ; Pleasure ; Statistics as Topic ; Vegetables