BACKGROUND: We wanted to determine the postoperative analgesic efficacy of preincisional caudal epidural block versus instillation (splash block) following inguinal herniorrhaphy in children. METHODS: Thirty children (age range: 1-7 years) who were scheduled to undergo inguinal herniorrhaphy were divided into 2 groups: the caudal block group and the splash block group with 15 children in each group. Tracheal intubation was performed. Fifteen children received caudal block with 1.0 ml/kg of 0.25% ropivacaine (Group 1). Caudal block was performed using the loss of resistance method via the sacral hiatus. Fifteen children in Group 2 received local instillation (splash block) in the surgical site with up to 0.4 ml/kg of 0.25% ropivacaine. The patients were observed for 90 minutes in the postanesthesia care unit and then they were transferred to the ward. The pain scores were taken 4 times. We assessed pain using the Faces pain scores. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the groups regarding the pain scores at 10, 30 and 60 minutes upon entering the postanesthesia care unit. The pain scores of Group 1 were slightly lower at the last evaluation point when compared to that of Group 2. One patient in Group 1 required supplemental postoperative intravenous (IV) tramadol, while all the other patients in both groups did not require supplemental IV tramadol. The intraoperative requirement for sevoflurane was decreased in Group 1 as compared to that of Group 2. There were no major complications related to either type of block. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that a splash block can have a similar analgesic effect as that of a caudal block for the postoperative herniorrhaphy pain of children.
Amides ; Analgesia ; Child ; Herniorrhaphy ; Humans ; Intubation ; Methyl Ethers ; Tramadol

Pulmonary blastoma is a rare lung tumor resembling fetal lung tissue. Pathologically the tumor can be classified to 2 groups, well-differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma(WDFA) and biphasic blastoma. WDFA has more favorable prognosis with fewer metastasis at initial presentation and fewer recurrence after treatment. We experienced a case of pulmonary blastoma in 32-year-old female patient. The patient was referred to our hospital because of abnormal mass shadow in right middle lobe. The diagnosis of pulmonary blastoma(WDFA type, Stage I T2NOMO) was confirmed after right middle lobectomy. We followed up 22 months without an evidence of recurrence.
Adult ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Blastoma* ; Recurrence

No abstract available.
Catheters* ; Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenital* ; Fetal Therapies* ; Lung*

PURPOSE: A retrospective review of cases series about the outcomes of treatment for simple bone cyst in the long bones with flexible intramedullary nailing in children and adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-five cases with a simple bone cyst in the long bones diagnosed between April 2002 and December 2007 were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the patients was 10.8 years. Thirteen cases were accompanied by a pathological fracture, and 72 cases were not. Thirty-three cases had a simple bone cyst on the proximal humerus, 41 cases on the shaft of the humerus, and 11 cases on the proximal femur. Steroid injections were performed in 21 cases (group 1), curettage and a synthetic bone graft in 18 cases (group 2), and decompression and fixation using flexible intramedullary nailing in 46 cases (group 3). We followed up all cases for at least 24 months and evaluated the results according to the Capanna classification. RESULTS: The mean duration for absorption and healing of bone cysts was 18.4 months in group 1, 10.6 months in group 2, and 5.8 months in group 3. The complete cure rate according to the Capanna classification was 67% in group 1, 56% in group 2, and 78% in group 3. There was one case of recurrence in group 1 (5%), one case in group 2 (6%), and one case in group 3 (2%), as well as two cases of "no response to treatment" in group 1 (9%) and one case in group 2 (6%). CONCLUSION: Flexible intramedullary nailing for simple bone cysts in children and adolescents is effective for healing cystic lesions with a short healing duration and for mechanical stability.
Absorption ; Adolescent ; Bone Cysts ; Child ; Curettage ; Decompression ; Femur ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Fractures, Spontaneous ; Humans ; Humerus ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplants

A benign periosteal reaction, which can occur after trauma or stress, has a solid and uninterrupted appearance on radiography. In contrast, an aggressive periosteal reaction, which may indicate a malignancy, appears as a Codman's triangle or with a spiculated and sunburst pattern. In the present case, an 11-year-old boy with a previous injury to the distal radial growth plate presented with diffuse osteolysis on the distal radial metaphysis and decreased opacity of the lateral side cortex on plain radiograph. A Codman's triangle-like lesion was seen on the lateral side of the distal radius, and a few spicules were observed on the medial side of the distal radius. A T2-weighted coronal magnetic resonance image revealed a mass that had stripped the periosteum; the mass had heterogeneous signal intensity and a fl uid-fluid level on axial views. The margins of the mass were unclear, but enhanced. Suspecting a primary malignancy, we performed a biopsy. The pathology revealed that the mass was a simple hematoma.
Biopsy ; Child ; Growth Plate ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Osteolysis ; Periosteum ; Radius

BACKGROUND: There has no known epidemiologic survey on the frequency of complementary-alternative medicine (CAM) use in the treatment of adult asthma in Korea. This study examined the current use of CAM by asthma patients in Korea. METHODS: One hundred adults with asthma, who had been admitted to Kyunghee university hospital between January 2000 and December 2003, were enrolled in this survey. They received a structured questionnaire interview and a clinical assessment of prevalence and pattern of CAM use. RESULTS: 53% patients had an experience of at least one type of CAM during their asthma management. Users of CAM had more hospital visits than those who had never used CAM(1.46+/-0.68 vs. 2.11+/-1.20, p=0.001). Those in their 50th decades had more experience of CAM (80%) than the other age groups. The methods of CAM used by our patients are as follows: Diet/nutritional therapy in 35 patients(69%), herbal therapy in 28 patients(53%), acupuncture in 9 patients(17%), moxa treatment in 6 patients(11%), breathing exercises in 1 patient(2%). CONCLUSIONS: More than 50% of patients with bronchial asthma have used CAM. A more detailed and large scaled study will be needed to define the actual status of the use of CAM in the treatment for asthma. Inaddition, further research on the scientific validation of the clinical efficacy of CAM in asthma management should be followed.
Acupuncture ; Adult ; Asthma ; Breathing Exercises ; Epidemiology ; Humans ; Korea* ; Phytotherapy ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tertiary Healthcare*

Human norovirus are major causative agent of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis. In general, genogroup (G) II.4 is the most prominent major genotype that circulate in human population and the environment. However, a shift in genotypic trends was observed in Korea in December 2014. In this study, we investigated the trend of norovirus genotype in detail using the database of Acute Diarrhea Laboratory Surveillance (K-EnterNet) in Korea. GII.17 has since become a major contributor to outbreaks of norovirus-related infections and sporadic cases in Korea, although the reason for this shift remain unknown.
Diarrhea ; Disease Outbreaks ; Gastroenteritis ; Genotype ; Humans ; Korea* ; Norovirus*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to verify the induction and mechanism of selective apoptosis in G361 melanoma cells using anti-HER2 antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles (GNP-HER2). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Following GNP-HER2 treatment of G361 cells, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were measured by WST-1 assay, Hemacolor staining, Hoechst staining, immunofluorescence staining, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, and Western blotting.
Actins ; Apoptosis Inducing Factor ; Apoptosis ; Blotting, Western ; Caspase 3 ; Caspases ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Cell Death ; Cyclin A ; Cyclin D1 ; Cyclin E ; Cyclins ; Cytochromes c ; Cytoplasm ; DNA Fragmentation ; Down-Regulation ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Focal Adhesions ; Melanoma ; Mitochondria ; Nanoparticles ; Phosphotransferases ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Up-Regulation

BACKGROUNDS/AIMS: After left-sided hepatectomy due to a living donor, the stomach can become adhered to the hepatic cut surface. An unwanted gastric stasis can occur. For prevention of such gastric adhesion and laparotomy-associated adhesive ileus, some anti-adhesive agents have been developed for intra-abdominal application. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of an intraperitoneal anti-adhesive agent application compared with a historical control group. METHODS: The study group consisted of 220 consecutive living donors who donated a left-liver graft during the time period between January 2006 and December 2011. The anti-adhesive agent which was used was composed of sodium hyaluronate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. The historical control group which used no anti-adhesive agent included 220 consecutive left-liver donors during the time period between January 1998 and December 2004. RESULTS: An overt gastric stasis which required fasting was observed in 5 subjects (2.3%) in the study group and in 7 subjects (3.2%) in the control group (p=0.77). An additional work-up to determine gastric stasis or prolonged ileus was performed in 17 (7.7%) and 22 (10%) donors, respectively (p=0.51). Only one donor in the control group underwent a laparotomy for an intestinal obstruction. No clinical factors such as patient age, sex, body mass index, remnant right liver proportion, shape of skin incision, and duration of surgery were significant risk factors of gastric stasis or prolonged ileus. No harmful side-effects of the anti-adhesive agent were identified. CONCLUSIONS: As a result of this study, the application of an anti-adhesive agent could not be proved as to be effective for prevention of gastric stasis and postoperative ileus. A further randomized and controlled study will be required to demonstrate the real benefits of an anti-adhesive application in left-liver living donors.
Adhesives ; Body Mass Index ; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium ; Fasting ; Gastroparesis ; Hepatectomy ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid ; Ileus ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Laparotomy ; Liver ; Living Donors* ; Risk Factors ; Skin ; Sodium ; Stomach ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with acute hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection in the Korean population. Participants were recruited from five referral hospitals across the country in 2007 and from 11 hospitals in 2009. Patients with positive anti-HAV IgM antibody tests became the case group, while patients treated for non-contagious diseases at the same hospitals were recruited as controls. A total of 222 and 548 case-control pairs were studied in the 2007 and 2009 surveys, respectively. Data from the surveys were analyzed jointly. In a multivariate analysis, sharing the household with HAV-infected family members (OR, 6.32; 95% CI, 1.4-29.6), contact with other HAV-infected individuals (OR, 4.73; 95% CI, 2.4-9.4), overseas travel in 2007 (OR, 19.93; 95% CI, 2.3-174.4), consumption of raw shellfish (OR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.8-3.5), drinking bottled water (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.3-8.4), and occupation that involve handling food (OR, 3.30; 95% CI, 1.3-8.4) increased the risk of HAV infection. Avoiding contact with HAV-infected individuals and avoiding raw foods eating could help minimize the risk of hepatitis A infection. Immunization must be beneficial to individuals who handle food ingredients occupationally or travel overseas to HAV-endemic areas.
Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Food Handling ; Hepatitis A/*diagnosis/etiology/prevention & control ; Hepatitis A Antibodies/blood ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M/blood ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Odds Ratio ; Referral and Consultation ; Risk Factors ; Seafood ; Travel ; Vaccination ; Young Adult