No abstract available.
Maxillary Sinus* ; Maxillary Sinusitis*

OBJECTIVES: Phencyclidine(PCP) or PCP-like substances such as ketamine have been know to rekindle the cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. The aims of this study were to identify whether PCP-like substances can produce cognitive deficit in schizophrenia, to discuss relation with aging process, and finally to speculate underlying neurochemical mecha-nisms by various drug responses. METHODS: In experiment I, radial maze tests were done in 24 Sprague-Dawley rats for 3 days to get baseline data. Being divided into 4 groups(6 rats respectively) of normal aged, normal adult controls, atropine-treated and ketamine-treated, the radial maze tests were repeated on every week for 6 weeks, and then the rats were sacrificed by intracardiac perfusion with phosphate-buffered 10% formaldehyde solution for histology. The brain specimen was stained with hematoxylin-eosin to count cells in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. In experiment II, radial maze tests were done for 48 rats before any drug treatment and only after ketamine administration. Thereafter, haloperidol, bromocriptine, clonidine, nimodipine, tacrine, valproic acid, naloxone and fluoxetine were intramuscularly injected on every other day in addition to ketamine. Radial maze tests were repeated on every week for 6 weeks, and then rats were prepared by the same procedure for histology. RESULTS: 1) Reaction times of radial maze tests of atropine-treated rats were significantly prolonged than those of normal aged(p<0.05) or normal adult controls(p<0.05). Cell numbers of prefrontal cortex & hippocampus in ketamine-treated rats were significantly reduced than those in normal aged(p<0.05) or normal adult controls(p<0.005). 2) Reduced cell numbers by ketamine became significantly raised by tacrine administration in prefrontal cortex $ hippocampus(p<0.05), while there were no significant changes on radial maze test. Cell numbers also tended to be raised by nimodipine, fluoxetine and haloperidol administration. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the visuospatial memory disorders in ketamine-induced psychotic rats might be partly associated with aging process. Furthermore, the responses to the various drugs suggested cholinergic system might have an important role in the neurochemical mechanism of the cognitive dysfunction in ketamine-induced psychosis. Otherwise, calcium metabolism as well as serotonergic and dopaminergic systems seemed to be possibly related.
Acetylcholine ; Adult ; Aging* ; Animals* ; Brain ; Bromocriptine ; Calcium ; Cell Count ; Clonidine ; Fluoxetine ; Formaldehyde ; Haloperidol ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Ketamine ; Memory Disorders ; Metabolism ; Models, Animal* ; Naloxone ; Nimodipine ; Perfusion ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Psychotic Disorders ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reaction Time ; Schizophrenia* ; Tacrine ; Valproic Acid

No abstract available.
Suction* ; Tonsillectomy*

No abstract available.
Melanoma* ; Mucous Membrane* ; Palate, Hard*

No abstract available.
Head and Neck Neoplasms* ; Head* ; Incidence* ; Neck* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

No abstract available.
Mucocele* ; Sphenoid Sinus*

In Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) including the syndromes of pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) and pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP), multiple areas of intracutaneous ossification are often encountered. The characteristic features are short stature, round face, short neck, obesity, cutaneous ossifications, and various skeletal anomalies including short metacarpal and metatarsal bones, curve of radius, and brachydactyly. The patient was a 10-month-old male infant. He presented slightly depressed erythematous hard plaques on the left upper chest and left thigh. We had taken biopsies from both skin lesions, confirming cutaneous ossification or bone formation. He also had the characteristic features of AHO. He had a history of admission due to patent ductus arteriosus and atrial septal defect. The laboratory results showed slightly decreased calcium, increased phosphorus and PTH levels. The patient received no specific corrective measures because his calcium and phosphorus levels were not far from normal values until newly developed similar skin lesions appeared.
Biopsy ; Brachydactyly ; Calcium ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Metatarsal Bones ; Neck ; Obesity ; Osteogenesis ; Phosphorus ; Pseudohypoparathyroidism* ; Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism ; Radius ; Reference Values ; Skin ; Thigh ; Thorax

No abstract available.
Female ; HELLP Syndrome* ; Pregnancy

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Medial orbital wall fractures are seen in association with fractures of the orbital floor or more complex bony disruptions. It is important to diagnose and manage medial orbital wall fractures as early as possible, because of the possibility of functional orbital damage later. In this study, fractures were divided into the following types based on location and severity of injury according to Nolasco and Mathog: type I (confined to the medial orbital wall), type II (medial orbital wall continuous with floor, type III (medial orbital wall with floor-malar fractures), and type IV (medial orbital wall and complex midfacial injuries). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 22 cases of medial orbital wall fractures according to the classification of Nolasco and Mathog at Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital. RESULTS: 1) Types of fractures observed were type I (9 cases), type II (10 cases), type III (2 cases), and type IV (1 case). 2) The most common age groups were the thirties and the fourties. The male-to-female ratio was 3:1, and more injuries were found at the left orbit. 3) Assault was the most common cause, as observed in 10 of 22 cases (45.5%), and types III and IV injuries only occurred in falls. 4) Diplopia was the most common symptom, as in 15 of 22 cases (68.2%). Ecchymosis and periorbital swelling were more common with type I; diplopia was more common with type II. 5) Type I fractures were generally explored through intranasal approach, whereas the other types were commonly treated with subciliary or Caldwell-Luc approach. SUMMARY: Medial orbital wall fractures were more common in type I and II, the male, and the left side. Commonly, type I fractures caused ecchymosis and periorbital swelling and were treated with conservative treatment. In most cases, type II fractures caused diplopia and were treated with surgery 1 or 2 weeks after trauma.
Chungcheongnam-do ; Classification ; Diplopia ; Ecchymosis ; Humans ; Male ; Orbit* ; Orbital Fractures

PURPOSE: Retrospective study was performed about the incidence, type and pattern of tears, and clini-cal results after arthroscopic management for the symptomatic discoid lateral meniscus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 54 cases in 49 patients who were managed arthroscopically and followed up for minimum one year for the symptomatic discoid lateral meniscus from Sept. 1993 to Aug. 1998 were included. Mean age at the time of surgery was 30.9 years(ranged, 12-63), most commonly in the second decade(42.5%) and mean duration of symptoms was 22.2 months. Females were more commonly affected than males(25 males and 29 females), and right knees were involved in 25 cases, left knees in 19 cases and bilateral in 5 cases. Most common symptoms was pain in 83.3% and snapping sound in 43.3%. The cause of symptoms was mostly related to previous trauma or sports injury in 66.7%, but none in 18 cases(33.3%). Discoid meniscus was classified according to the Watanabe's classification system and tears were classified as a transverse, longitudinal, horizontal with cystic degeneration, peripheral, wear in the inferior surface and complex. All the partial meniscectomies were done by a piecemeal fashion and the menisci were sutured in a vertical and horizontal way by inside-out or outside-in technique on the basis of day surgery. Postoperative regimens of the immediate passive and active ROM and quadriceps setting exercises were prescribed, and mean follow-up was 31.7 months(ranged, 12-62). RESULTS: According to the Ikeuchi's scale(1969), overall 83.4% of good or excellent clinical results were obtained and poor in 2 cases. Among 5 cases of retear, 3 cases showed excellent clinical results after the second arthroscopic treatment, and 1 case was fair, but 1 case progressed to arthrofibrosis which was rated poor result, and in another one case of poor result without retear, persistent pain was complained due to preexisting osteoarthrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy or reshaping is recommmended for the symptomatic discoid lateral meniscus tears in children and adults, but more long-term follow-up and its clinical results about the treatment method in children and adults will be needed.
Adult ; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures ; Arthroscopy ; Athletic Injuries ; Child ; Classification ; Exercise ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Knee ; Male ; Menisci, Tibial* ; Osteoarthritis ; Retrospective Studies