1.Differential Expression of Activating Transcription Factor-2 and c-Jun in the Immature and Adult Rat Hippocampus Following Lithium-Pilocarpine Induced Status Epilepticus.
Si Ryung HAN ; Cheolsu SHIN ; Seongkyung PARK ; Seonyoung RHYU ; Jeongwook PARK ; Yeong In KIM
Yonsei Medical Journal 2009;50(2):200-205
PURPOSE: Lithium-pilocarpine induced status epilepticus (LPSE) causes selective and age-dependent neuronal death, although the mechanism of maturation-related injury has not yet been clarified. The activating transcription factor-2 (ATF-2) protein is essential for the normal development of mammalian brain and is activated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). It induces the expression of the c-jun gene and modulates the function of the c-Jun protein, a mediator of neuronal death and survival. Therefore, we investigated the expression of c-Jun and ATF-2 protein in the immature and adult rat hippocampus to understand their roles in LPSE-induced neuronal death. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lithium chloride was administrated to P10 and adult rats followed by pilocarpine. Neuronal injury was assessed by silver and cresyl violet staining, performed 72 hours after status epilepticus. For evaluation of the expression of ATF-2 and c-Jun by immunohistochemical method and Western blot, animals were sacrificed at 0, 4, 24, and 72 hours after the initiation of seizure. RESULTS: Neuronal injury and expression of c-Jun were maturation-dependently increased by LPSE, whereas ATF-2 immunoreactivity decreased in the mature brain. Since both c-Jun and ATF-2 are activated by JNK, and targets and competitors in the same signal transduction cascade, we could speculate that ATF-2 may compete with c-Jun for JNK phosphorylation. CONCLUSION: The results suggested a neuroprotective role of ATF-2 in this maturation-related evolution of neuronal cell death from status epilepticus.
Activating Transcription Factor 2/*metabolism
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Animals
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Antimanic Agents/pharmacology
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Blotting, Western
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Hippocampus/drug effects/*metabolism
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Immunohistochemistry
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Lithium/pharmacology
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Miotics/pharmacology
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Pilocarpine/pharmacology
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/*metabolism
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Rats
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Status Epilepticus/*chemically induced
2.The prognostic impact of inflammatory factors in patients with multiple myeloma treated with thalidomide in Korea.
Cheolsu KIM ; Ho Sup LEE ; Chang Ki MIN ; Je Jung LEE ; Kihyun KIM ; Dok Hyun YOON ; Hyeon Seok EOM ; Hyewon LEE ; Won Sik LEE ; Ho Jin SHIN ; Ji Hyun LEE ; Yong PARK ; Jae Cheol JO ; Young Rok DO ; Yeung Chul MUN
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine 2015;30(5):675-683
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The purpose of this study was to determine the correlations between inflammatory factors-including absolute lymphocyte count, lactate dehydrogenase, beta2-microglobulin, albumin, C-reactive protein, and ferritin-and the prognosis for survival in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with induction chemotherapy containing thalidomide and who underwent autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). METHODS: Data from patients at 13 university hospitals in South Korea were collected retrospectively between December 2005 and May 2013. RESULTS: The median age of the 232 patients was 57 years (range, 33 to 77) and the male to female ratio was 1.09:1. In the multivariate analysis, fewer than two combined abnormal inflammatory factors was the only independent prognostic factor for superior progression-free survival (relative risk [RR], 0.618; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.409 to 0.933; p = 0.022), and platelet count > 100 x 109/L and fewer than two combined abnormal inflammatory factors were independent prognostic factors for superior overall survival (RR, 4.739; 95% CI, 1.897 to 11.839; p = 0.001 and RR, 0.263; 95% CI, 0.113 to 0.612; p = 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with two or more than two combined inflammatory factors who were treated with thalidomide induction chemotherapy and who underwent ASCT showed significantly shorter survival compared to those with fewer than two combined inflammatory factors. These results could be helpful for predicting prognosis in patients with MM.
Adult
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Aged
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Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
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Biomarkers, Tumor/*blood
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Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
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Disease-Free Survival
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Female
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Hospitals, University
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Humans
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Induction Chemotherapy
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Inflammation Mediators/*blood
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Kaplan-Meier Estimate
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Male
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Middle Aged
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Multiple Myeloma/blood/diagnosis/*drug therapy/immunology/mortality
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Multivariate Analysis
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Neoadjuvant Therapy
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Odds Ratio
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Proportional Hazards Models
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Republic of Korea
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Retrospective Studies
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Risk Factors
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Stem Cell Transplantation
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Thalidomide/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
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Time Factors
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Transplantation, Autologous
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Treatment Outcome