No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: The aging process may be induced, at least in part, by reactive oxygen species(ROS). It has been though that the lung could be a good source of ROS because it has a high oxygen tension. In the present study, we invetigated the inducibility of the first and last lines against oxidative stress, superoxide dismutases (Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD) as a scavenger of O2- and metallothionein(MT) as a scavenger of OH·, respectively, in mouse lungs with age. METHODS: Oxidative stress was induced by paraquat, an intracellular superoxide generator, at 1, 4, 8, and 12 months of age and then SODs and MT mRNAs were determined by RT-PCR method. RESULTS: The steady-state level of Mn-SOD mRNA increased from 1 to 8 months but decreased thereafter. However, Mn-SOD mRNA was not induced by paraquat after 1 month. On the other hand, there was no change in the steady-state level of Cu/Zn/-SOD mRNA, which decrease abruptly at 12 months of age. Additionally, Cu/Zn/-SOD mRNA was not induced by paraquat at any age. There was no change in the steady-state level of MT mRNA with age whereas its inducibility by paraquat was intact at all ages. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that lack of induction of SODs with age may be one of the causative factors in the aging process while induction of MT may play an important role in the defense against oxidative stress. It is therefore implicated that the tissue antioxidant/proxidant balance could be one determinants of meal life span.
Aging* ; Animals ; Hand ; Lung* ; Meals ; Metallothionein* ; Mice* ; Oxidative Stress ; Oxygen ; Paraquat* ; RNA, Messenger ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Superoxides*

There are several factors to be considered while performing reduction mammoplasty in patients having giant breast with severe breast ptosis. These are degrees of breast ptosis, location of newly created nipple areolar complex, preservation of sensation, symmetry of both breasts, amount of breast tissues to be resected, and finally the postoperative scar. Among the above factors, postoperative scar seems to be the major problem that patients complain about. So several methods have been investigated in time to minimize the scar. Authors have performed 3cases of reduction mammoplasty in patients with severe ptotic large breast by applying the method of umbilicus creation in abdominoplasty, so that only periareolar and submammary scars remained without a vertical scar. The age were between 33 and 43 years old. Mean follow up period was about 6.5 months. Amount of the resected mammary tissues was about 750-1350g. Periareolar deepithelialization was made about 8cm diameter for better cirulation to the nipple areolar complex and wider contact area thus enhancing the stabilization and survival of the nipple areolar complex. Only 1 case with partial deepithelialization of the areola occurred but completely healed within 1 month. Patients were pleased with natural shape and size of the breast and the sensation of the nipple areolar complex was restored completely in all cases after surgery. Authors have performed reduction mammoplasty without leaving the vertical scar which considered to be the major problems of the classical methods. Other problems such as insufficient reduction, flattening of the breast and severe wrinkles around the nipple were also solved. This method not only improve the aesthetic importance but also minimize the functional complications such as sensory loss and difficulty in lactation.
Abdominoplasty ; Adult ; Breast ; Cicatrix* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lactation ; Mammaplasty* ; Nipples ; Sensation ; Umbilicus

Horizontal Mattress Suture Technique on Microvascular Anastomosis of rat (body weight: 200-250 gm) femoral artery was evaluated. The present study was conducted to compare the horizontal mattress suture with simple interrupted suture on the suture time, patency rate of the sutured vessels, and the histological changes of surgical site of the vessel wall during wound healing period. The mean suture time of the vessel wall with horizontal mattress suture technique was 15 min 49 sec ± 2.14, which is significantly shorter than that of simple interrupted suture technique. The patency rate of the sutured vessel in both groups was statistically not different each other till post-operative 3rd day but patency rate of horizontal mattress suture was higher than that of simple interrupted suture at post-operative 3rd week. The histological findings such as intimal noss, medial degeneration and intimal regeneration were similar in both groups.
Animals ; Femoral Artery ; Rats ; Regeneration ; Suture Techniques* ; Sutures* ; Wound Healing

No abstract available.
Bone Regeneration* ; Bone Substitutes*

No abstract available.
Iron*

No abstract available.
Cryptococcosis*

About 85-97% of patients get to lose an ejaculatory function with a little difference according to the level of spinal cord injury. Fifty eight trials of electroejaculation stimulation were performed in total 17 patients that failed in chemoejaculation with physostigmine. Mean age was 36.9 years. Of the 17 spinal cord injured patients, 1 had cervical, 13 thoracic 3 lumbar paraplegia; 7 had complete and 10 had incomplete lesions. Semens could be obtained in 14 patients ( 82.4%) among total 17 patients and in 51 of total 58 trials( 87.9%). Average total sperm counts and motile sperm numbers were 35.98 x 106 and 6.09 x 106 respectively in the obtained semen. However, motility was very poor. We performed more than 4 trials in 6 patients, but there results were not predictable. Two pregnancies were achieved in their spouse after an artificial insemination. Side effects were trivial. and there were lower abdominal discomforts or pains in 7 patients among incomplete paraplegics. In conclusion we could expect high successful rates of ejaculation in anejaculatory spinal cord injured patients by electroejaculation stimulation in case of the failure in chemoejaculation. However, we suggest that in vitro fertilization with advanced recent technology should be tried with adequate preparation after an experimental electroejaculation, because a quality of sperm motility was very poor and sperm motility was not improved after several trials.
Ejaculation ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Insemination, Artificial ; Male ; Paraplegia ; Physostigmine* ; Pregnancy ; Semen ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Motility ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Spinal Cord* ; Spouses

BACKGROUND: The oncogene, c-fos, is a useful marker of nociceptive neurons activated by various types of pain.However, the relationship between c-fos and acute pain induced by surgical incision has not been studied.The purpose of this study was to describe the expression of spinal c-fos in a rat model of postoperative pain. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were used to enumerate spinal fos-like immunoreactive (fos-LI)-positive neurons after making sham, skin, or skin-muscle incisions on the plantar surface of the rat hindpaw. The spinal cords were divided into the following 4 segments for immunohistochemical detection of fos-LI at 3 time points after the incision (4 hours, POD1, and POD3):thoracic, upper lumbar, lower lumbar, and sacral.For analysis of the laminar distribution of fos-LI, the dorsal horn was divided into three regions (I-II, III-IV, and V-VI). RESULTS: The number of fos-LI was increased in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn in the lower lumbar segment 4 hours post-incision and was significantly greater in rats with skin-muscle incisions than in rats with skin-alone incisions.In the skin-muscle group, laminae I-II and V-VI had a greater number of fos-LI neurons than laminae III-IV.The increase in number of spinal fos-LI neurons normalized by POD1 and POD3. CONCLUSIONS: c-fos expression is confined to neurons of the spinal dorsal horn known to be activated by nociceptive stimulation. The larger the injury elicited, the greater the expression of c-fos, suggesting that the expression of c-fos can serve as a useful marker of activated nociceptive neurons caused by acute pain following surgical incision.Further study is required to elucidate why the degree of tissue injury affects the laminar distribution of c-fos expression.
Acute Pain ; Animals ; Horns ; Neurons ; Nociceptors ; Oncogenes ; Pain, Postoperative ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Salicylamides ; Skin ; Spinal Cord

MR finding of melanoma shows peculiar signal intensity based on paramagnetic effect of melanin or intratumoral hemorrhage, which displays decreased T1 and T2 relaxation times in many cases. Authors report MR findings in two cases of intracranial metastatic melanoma, which is pathologically confirmed by operation.
Hemorrhage ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Melanins ; Melanoma* ; Relaxation