No abstract available.
Transplants*

No abstract available.
Transplants*

No abstract available.
Humans

No abstract available.
Acoustic Stimulation* ; Acoustics* ; Female ; Fetal Heart* ; Fetus* ; Heart Rate, Fetal* ; Pregnancy

Human papillomavirus(HPV) has implicated in the development of cervical cancer. Several studies has suggested a strong correlation between HPV 16, 18 and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN). For detecting and typing HPV DNA in cervical tissues, recently the chemiluminescent molecular hybridization assay method has been widely used. This study was performed to determine the usefulness of hybrid capture assay for detecting high-risk HPV in cervical epithelial cells, and to compare the correlation among cervical cytology, biopsy finding and HPV infection, and to determine whether the addition of the hybrid capture assay to cytologic test would improve the ability to identify significant lesions. This study included 267 patients who visited the colposcopic clinic of the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Chonbuk University Hospital from May, 1997 to October 199S. Pap smears hybrid capture assays, and colposcopically directed biopsy were performed concurrently on al1 women. The results obtained were as follow; l. Using hybrid capture assay, the detection rate of high-risk HPV of all patients was 37.1%(99/267). There was no statistical significance in the detection rate of HPV between the age groups. 2. The false negative rate of Pap Smear was 53.3% and showed significant discrepancies between the cytologic and histologic diagnosis. 3. According to the cytologic diagnosis, the detection rates of high-risk HPV were 7.1% in normal, 25.3% in ASCUS or LSIL, and 61.6% in HSIL. In each cytologic group, the patients who had positive results for high-risk HPV showed higher incidence rate of high grade lesions than those with negative results(P<0.05). 4. According to the histologic diagnosis, the detection rates of high-risk HPV were 0.1% in normal, 11.1% in CIN I, and 72.7% in CIN II or CIN III. In each histologic group, the patients who had positive results for high-risk HPV showed higher incidence rate of high grade lesions than those with negative results(P<0.05). 5. According to the comparison of histologic diagnosis between positive and negative results of high-risk HPV test due to each cytology, there was no statistical significance in the incidence rate of cervical neoplasia, Above results suggest that high-risk HPV test using hybrid capture assay may be a useful method in supplement the pitfalls of cervical cytology. This test might also have prognostic value in the management of patients with CIN.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; DNA ; Epithelial Cells* ; Female ; Gynecology ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jeollabuk-do ; Obstetrics ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

BACKGROUND: Nutrition labels provide various information on the nutrient contents of food. However, despite the recent increase in the interest in dietary intake and expansion of related policies, studies on the association between nutrition label reading and dietary intake are lacking in Korea. METHODS: This study analyzed the 2007-2009 KNHANES (Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) data. To examine macronutrients and micronutrients intake according to nutrition label reading, analysis of covariance was used. Multiple logistic regression analysis was also used to examine the association between adherence to dietary reference intake and nutrition label reading. RESULTS: Nutrition label reading was significantly high among women, youth, and those with high education and high household income. Nutrition label reading was associated with higher intake of calcium and vitamin C in men and the lower intake of calorie, carbohydrates and higher energy ratio of protein in women. Additionally, male nutrition label readers were associated with adherence to dietary reference intake of fiber (odds ratio [OR], 2.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23 to 3.26) and calcium (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.54). In women, there were no significant differences in the adherence to the dietary reference intake in fat, fiber, sodium, potassium, and calcium according to the nutrition label reading. CONCLUSION: In men, nutrition label reading was associated with healthier intake of several micronutrients, although this was not observed in women. Consideration for clearly reporting vulnerable micronutrients in nutrition labels is necessary.
Adolescent ; Adult* ; Ascorbic Acid ; Calcium ; Carbohydrates ; Education ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Food Habits ; Food Labeling ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Micronutrients ; Potassium ; Recommended Dietary Allowances ; Sodium

BACKGROUND: Enquiry into smoking status and recommendations for smoking cessation is an essential preventive service. However, there are few studies comparing self-reported (SR) and cotinine-verified (CV) smoking statuses, using medical check-up data. The rates of discrepancy and under-reporting are unknown. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study using health examination data from Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital in 2013. We analyzed SR and CV smoking statuses and discrepancies between the two in relation to sociodemographic variables. We also attempted to ascertain the factors associated with a discrepant smoking status among current smokers. RESULTS: In the sample of 3,477 men, CV smoking rate was 11.1% higher than the SR rate. About 1 in 3 participants either omitted the smoking questionnaire or gave a false reply. The ratio of CV to SR smoking rates was 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38-1.61). After adjusting for confounding factors, older adults (≥60 years) showed an increased adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for discrepancy between SR and CV when compared to those in their twenties and thirties (aOR, 5.43; 95% CI, 2.69-10.96). Educational levels of high school graduation or lower (aOR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.36-4.01), repeated health check-ups (aOR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.03-2.06), and low cotinine levels of <500 ng/mL (aOR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.33-3.09), were also associated with discordance between SR and CV smoking status. CONCLUSION: Omissions and false responses impede the accurate assessment of smoking status in health check-up participants. In order to improve accuracy, it is suggested that researcher pay attention to participants with greater discrepancy between SR and CV smoking status, and formulate interventions to improve response rates.
Adult* ; Cotinine ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Delivery of Health Care ; Hospitals, Private* ; Humans ; Male* ; Mass Screening ; Odds Ratio ; Self Report ; Seoul ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation ; Smoking* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Low levels of physical activity can cause various physical symptoms or illness. However, few studies on this association have been conducted in young adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between physical activity levels and physical symptoms or illness in young adults. METHODS: Subjects were university students who participated in a web-based self-administered questionnaire in a university in Seoul in 2013. We obtained information on physical activities and physical symptoms or illness in the past year. Independent variables were defined as symptoms or illness which were associated with decreased academic performance. Logistic regression was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of each physical symptom or illness with adjustment for covariables. RESULTS: A total of 2,201 participants were included in the study. The main physical symptoms or illness among participants were severe fatigue (64.2%), muscle or joint pain (46.3%), gastrointestinal problems (43.1%), headache or dizziness (38.6%), frequent colds (35.1%), and sleep problems (33.3%). Low physical activity levels were significantly associated with high ORs of physical symptoms or illness. Multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) in the lowest vs. highest tertile of physical activity were 1.45 (1.14–1.83) for severe fatigue, 1.35 (1.07–1.70) for frequent colds, and 1.29 (1.02–1.63) for headaches or dizziness. We also found that lower levels of physical activity were associated with more physical symptoms or bouts of illness. CONCLUSION: Low physical activity levels were significantly associated with various physical symptoms or illness among university students. Also, individuals in the lower levels of physical activity were more likely to experience more physical symptoms or bouts of illness than those in the highest tertile of physical activity.
Arthralgia ; Common Cold ; Dizziness ; Fatigue ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Headache ; Humans ; Korea* ; Logistic Models ; Motor Activity* ; Myalgia ; Odds Ratio ; Seoul ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a common disease which can cause various morbidity and economic burden. Lactation is known to cause a decline in bone mineral density (BMD), but there are controversies on whether decreased BMD is fully recovered after lactation and whether lactation duration has an influence on postmenopausal BMD. This study was conducted to see whether breastfeeding is associated with postmenopausal bone loss using a highly representative sample of Korean population. METHODS: Retrospective cross sectional study was done using data collected from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V. The study outcome was BMD measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and divided into 2 groups: normal or low BMD (T score<-1), and breastfeeding duration was categorized into 4 groups (never, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd tertile). Logistic regression analysis was done to examine the association between lactation duration and BMD. RESULTS: Among 1,694 postmenopausal women (mean age, 63.5+/-9.1), 85.71% were in low BMD group. Compared to never breastfeeding group, postmenopausal women with longer than 79 months of breastfeeding duration are more likely to have low BMD (adjusted risk ratio [ARR]=1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.17 to 1.32). As the duration of breastfeeding increases, ARR and risk difference for low BMD also increases (P for trend=0.008). CONCLUSION: The study results showed that total breastfeeding duration was associated with postmenopausal low BMD. All women planning on breastfeeding should be aware of its risks and should take adequate dietary calcium and vitamin D before, during, and after breastfeeding.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Bone Density ; Breast Feeding* ; Breast* ; Calcium, Dietary ; Female ; Humans ; Korea* ; Lactation ; Logistic Models ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Odds Ratio ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal* ; Retrospective Studies ; Vitamin D

PURPOSE: Gastric cancer is the most common malignancy in Korea. Although treatment such as surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy has greatly improved, the mortality rate of gastic cancer is still high, A new therapeutic trial is necessary to improve the cure rate of gastric cancer. Therefore we investigated the pre-clinical significance of HSV-tk gene therapy using retroviral vector for gastric cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: LNC/HSV-tk retroviral vector and PA317/LNC/HSV-tk producer cell line were constructed. HSV-tk gene transduction and expression were detected by PCR. An in vitro ganciclovir(GCV) sensitivity test was performed by MTT assay. To evaluate in vivo GCV sensitivity, GCV was intraperitoneally injected after tumor formation in the nude mice. Bystander effect was observed in vitro MTT assay using YCC- S-2 cell line and in vivo using N87 and YCC-S-2 cell lines. RESULTS: The in vitro GCV sensitivity test showed that the growth inhibition was 30~32% with 0.5 uM GCV and 52~77% with 500 uM GCV in the HSV-tk transduced cell line in comparison with 0- 5% with 0.5 and 500 uM GCV in the parent cell line. The in vivo GCV administration showed that the tumors induced by HSV-tk transduced N87 cell line and YCC-S-2 cell line decreased completely, while the tumors with the parent cell lines continued to grow in nude mice. We observed no tumor cells in tissue specimen of the tumor induced by the N87/HSV-tk cell line after. GCV administration. In vitro and in vivo bystander effects were observed in HSV-tk/GCV system due to the resultant cell death exceeding the proportion of HSV-tk transduced cells in the mixtures of HSV-tk transduced and parent cells. CONCLUSION: HSV-tk transduced gastric cancer cell lines showed sensitivity to GCV and a bystander effect was observed. These results suggested that HSV-tk/GCV system should be evaluated in the clinical settings.
Animals ; Bystander Effect ; Cell Death ; Cell Line* ; Drug Therapy ; Ganciclovir* ; Genetic Therapy ; Herpes Simplex* ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Korea ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Mortality ; Parents ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Thymidine Kinase* ; Thymidine* ; Zidovudine