The development of Information technology affects the medical field a lot. Even though the PACS is developed for filmless hospital, the initial cost is very high and the investment effect is not clear yet. The purpose of this paper is to develop a costeffective hospital PACS which can be integrated with existing hospital information systems. Even though the PACS is developed for small sized hospitals, it has all the important functions of the large-scaled PACS system can provide such as image processing, clinic and patient information management, image file transfer through communication, and report generator functions for various types of hard output. Also, the developed system is designed for future expansion and compatibility with other hospital information systems.
Hospital Information Systems ; Humans ; Information Management ; Investments

The local laser solidification treatment among the therapys of age-related macular degeneration, which is immensely important in the field of ophthalmology, has been admited to be of effect. The accurate scope and the times of the cure not only play a important role of convalescence but also have a great influence on eyesight in the laser remedy. The retinal image photographed by a recent technology of ICG(Indocyanine Green) give us easy observation of avascular zone, and let us understand and predict objectively the degree of age-related macular degeneration. In this paper, we introduce the ICGI Analyzer and explain ICG image analysis methods that masure in quantities regions of hyperfluorescein area by choroidal neovascularization and detect transformations of it by image processing techniques. Also, we descript a method that ophthalmologist classify ICGA into several types on the basis of position of CNV(Choroidal NeoVascularization) using this system. We present results of applying ICG retinal image of patients to ICG Analyzer and typical frequency of age-related macular degeneration investigated by experts for testing the objectivity and accuracy of proposed methods.
Angiography* ; Choroidal Neovascularization ; Convalescence ; Humans ; Indocyanine Green* ; Linear Energy Transfer ; Macular Degeneration ; Ophthalmology ; Retinaldehyde*

BACKGROUND: Moderate to severe postoperative pain is still treated with an intermittent intramuscular injection of narcotics. Recently introduced ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that has analgesic property comparable to morphine and does not increase opioid-associated side effects such as respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting. We evaluate the analgesic effect of ketorolac directly injected around the anal sphincter muscle during a hemorrhoidectomy. METHODS: Forty adult patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Both groups received the operation under saddle block and by one surgeon. We administered 60 mg of ketorolac to one group (ketorolac group, n = 20) and the other group (control group, n = 20) received no pain medication intraoperatively. Postoperative visual analogue pain scores (VAS), analgesic requirements and side effects were examined and compared between two groups. RESULTS: VAS at 6 hours after surgery were significantly less (P<0.05) in the ketorolac group (3.1+/-1.5) than in the control group (6.0+/-1.2) and demerol consumption during the first 6 hours after surgery in the ketorolac group was significantly less (P<0.05) than in the control group (35 mg vs 62.5 mg). The ketorolac group also showed significantly less incidence of urinary retention than the control group (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: 60 mg of ketorolac administered during hemorrhoidectomy was partially effective for postoperative pain control and the incidence of urinary retention was significantly reduced.
Adult ; Anal Canal ; Hemorrhoidectomy* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Ketorolac* ; Meperidine ; Morphine ; Narcotics ; Nausea ; Pain, Postoperative ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Urinary Retention ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of hypnotics and analgesics on oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry in surgery patients under spinal anesthesia. METHODS: Sixty-five patients classified ASA physical status 1 or 2 scheduled for surgery under spinal anesthesia were studied. These patients were divided into three groups. The 22 subjects of the first group did not receive either midazolam or fentanyl. The 22 subjects of the second group received midazolam. The 21 subjects of the third group received midazolam (0.03 mg/kg) and fentanyl (1.0 microgram/ kg). Oxygen saturation was measured with a pulse oximetry. Measurements were made before spinal anesthesia, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes after starting of spinal anesthesia, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 30 minutes, and 60 minutes after the start of the operation or intravenous injection of drugs. In addition, measurements were made on arrival in the recovery room, and 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes, and 30 minutes after arrival in the recovery room. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in oxygen saturation at 5 minutes after the start of the operation or intravenous injection of drugs. The mean oxygen saturation for the first group was 98.2 +/- 1.8%, for the second group 97.9 +/- 2.6%, and for the third group 92.4 +/- 2.8%. Hypoxia cases at 5 minutes after the start of the operation or intravenous injection of a drug occurred in 4.5% of the first group, 9.1% of the second group, and 57.1% of the third group CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that oxygen saturation monitoring should be done routinely in patients receiving hypnotics and analgesics during spinal anesthesia, and oxygen should be administered to patients who develope hypoxia during spinal anesthesia.
Analgesics* ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Anoxia* ; Fentanyl ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives* ; Incidence* ; Injections, Intravenous ; Midazolam ; Oximetry ; Oxygen ; Recovery Room

Fatal air embolism can occur during a variety of surgical procedures. We experienced a case of cardiac arrest due to venous air embolism during spinal fusion. A 63-year-old woman underwent spinal fusion for compression fracture on L1 and scolio-kyphosis. Anesthetic induction and initial intraoperative course were completely uneventful until precipitous blood pressure drop occurred, and accompanied by a significant decrease in heart rate and cardiac arrest after use of bone cement. Although more common intraoperative events were presumed and treatment initiated, venous air embolism was considered the etiology of these events when whirring noise was detected by esophageal sthetoscope and a transient decrease in end-tidal carbon dioxide tension was noted by capnometer. We performed cardiac resuscitation with external cardiac compression, various cardiotonic drugs, and removal of air through the right internal jugular venous catheter, but the result was unsuccessful.
Blood Pressure ; Carbon Dioxide ; Cardiotonic Agents ; Catheters ; Embolism, Air* ; Female ; Fractures, Compression ; Heart Arrest ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Noise ; Resuscitation ; Spinal Fusion*

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the fetal doppler flow velocimetry and birth weight in low risk pregnancy population. METHODS: From December 1995 to May 1996, We prospectively performed doppler study in 254 uncomplicated, term pregnant women, who visited Pohang Hospital, Dongguk University. Using pulsed color doppler, we measured umbilical artery RI, middle cerebral artery RI and middle cerebral-umbilical artery RI ratio within one week before delivery. RESULTS: The result was that low birth weight group (below 2500gm) had very significant lationship with umbilical artery RI(P<0.01), middle cerebral artery RI(P<0.05) and middle cerebral-umbilical artery RI ratio(P<0.05), but there was no significant relationship in these blood flow indices between normal birth weight group (2501gm- 3999gm) and macrosomia group (above 4000gm). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that application of doppler ultrasonopaphy in the assessment of fetal weight is somewhat helpful for identification of low birth weight, not for macrosomia.
Arteries ; Birth Weight ; Female ; Fetal Weight* ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Prospective Studies ; Rheology ; Ultrasonography* ; Umbilical Arteries

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of clomiphene/hMG combined superovulation with intrauterine insemination on pregnancy outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-one cycles of clomiphene/hMG combined superovulation with intrauterine insemination in forty-three infertile couples were analysed retrospectively. RESULTS: The overall pregnancy rate was 39.5% per patient and 20.9% per cycle. Each pregnancy rate of infertility due to ovulatory dysfunction, unexplained infertility and endometriosis was 43.8%, 40.0%, and 25.0% per patient respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Clomiphene/hMG superovulation with intrauterine insemination is a simple, cost effective and safe treatment modality in the management of infertility, and may improve a pregnancy rate.
Endometriosis ; Family Characteristics* ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility ; Insemination* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy Rate ; Retrospective Studies ; Superovulation*

Holoprosencephaly is a rare and complex malformation affecting the cleavage of the developing forebrain and is usually associated with defects of the mid Face. We have experienced a case of holoprosencephaly, diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound examination at 31 weeks of pregnancy in a 31-year-old primigravida woman. This case is characterized by holoprosencephaly, cleft palate, cleft lip, left renal aplasia and right renal hypertrophy. The chromosomal study showed a deletion of the long arm of chromosome 7, 46, XX, del(7)(q32), We report with a terminal deletion of chromosome 7q associated with atypical clinical picture and holoprosencephaly.
Adult ; Arm ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 ; Cleft Lip ; Cleft Palate ; Female ; Holoprosencephaly* ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Pregnancy ; Prosencephalon ; Ultrasonography

Hypertensive encephalpathy is defined as severe hypertension in association with headache, nausea and vomiting, visual disturbances, confusion, stupor and coma. The pathophysiological mechanism is incompletely understood and causing as a result of failure of the upper limit of cerebral vascular autoregulation. Magnetic resonance imaging shows a characteristics posterior leukoencephalopathy, predominantly affects the white matter of the parietal and occipital lobes. Hypertensive encephalopathy are potentially reversible with timely and appropriate treatment. We experienced a case of hypertensive encephalopathy after normal vaginal delivery and report this case with a brief review of the literatures.
Coma ; Headache ; Hemorrhage* ; Homeostasis ; Hypertension ; Hypertensive Encephalopathy* ; Leukoencephalopathies ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Nausea ; Occipital Lobe ; Postpartum Period* ; Rabeprazole ; Stupor ; Vomiting

PURPOSE: To study the physical properties including hoop strength and flexibility of a newly developed nitinol stent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The new stent was made of a single nitinol wire 0.15 -0 . 25 mm in diameter. This was wound around a cylindrical metallic jig with a constant angle to the longitudinal direction, and stents which varied with regard to wire thickness, number of wires at a lateral cut surface, and number of longitudinal windings were constructed. Hoop strength of the stents was measured with a spring gauge and compared with that of Wallstent and Hanaro stents. The flexibility of the new stent was evaluated on the basis of changes in s-tent diameter when bent in the direction of 180 degrees. RESULTS: Hoop strength of the new nitinol stent was proportional to 3.8(+/-0.3)-th power of the wire thickness. A greater number of wires on a lateral cut surface or a greater number of longitudinal windings also resulted in increased strength. However, the former caused an increase in total wire area and the latter resulted increased stent length when compressed. Hoop strength of the new nitinol stent was superior to that of Wallstent and Hanaro stents, and stent diameter did not decrease when the stent was bent in the direction of 180 degrees. CONCLUSIONS: Hoop strength of the new nitinol stent was most significantly affected by wire thickness. The s-tent was very flexible and thus seemed suitable for an angled lumen.
Pliability ; Stents* ; Wind ; Wounds and Injuries