BACKGROUND: The laparoscopy requires carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation and Trendelenburg position for operational convenience. However, the above circumstances affect the cardiopulmonary systems significantly and intraocular pressure (IOP) may be also influenced. METHODS: In 27 non-glaucoma patients right and left intraocular pressure (RIOP, LIOP) were measured 5 minutes after induction of general anesthesia (control value), 15 and 30 minutes after CO2 insufflation and endelenburg-lithotomy position. RESULTS: The control values of RIOP and LIOP were 11.3 4.7 mmHg and 11.5 4.7 mmHg respectively. At 15 minutes after CO2 insufflation and Trendelenburg-lithotomy position, they increased to 16.6 5.3 mmHg and 17.0 5.9 mmHg (p<0.05). At 30 minutes, 18.4 3.5 mmHg and 18.2 4.1 mmHg (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: CO2 insufflation and Trendelenburg-lithotomy position increase IOP significantly in non-glaucoma patients during laparoscopy.
Anesthesia, General ; Carbon Dioxide ; Head-Down Tilt ; Humans ; Insufflation* ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Laparoscopy*

Adenoid cystic carcinoma arising from the submucosal glands of the trachea and bronchial tree is rare. The histopathology and natural history of bronchial adenoid cystic carcinoma have been well documented, but detailed descriptions of its cytomorphology are few. We report a case of primary bronchial adenoid cystic carcinoma in a 20-year-old female, diagnosed by bronchial brushing cytology. The cytologic specimens showed large clusters of small cells arranged around cystlike spaces containing globular basophilic material.
Basophils ; Bronchi ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; Ependymoma ; Female ; Humans ; Infant* ; Natural History ; Seizures* ; Spinal Cord ; Trachea ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Child* ; Hematuria* ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria*

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Implant screw loosening has been remained problem in restorative practices. Surface treatment of screw plays a role of preventing screw from loosening in implant screw mechanism. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate surface characteristics of TiN and ZrN film ion plated screw with titanium and gold alloy screw and to evaluate wear resistance, surface roughness, and film adhesion on screw surface using various instruments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: GoldTite screws and titanium screws provided by 3i (Implant Innovation, USA) and TorqTite screws or titanium screws by Steri-Oss (Nobel Biocare, USA) and gold screws and titanium screws by AVANA (Osstem Implant, korea) were selected. Ion plating which is much superior to other surface modification techniques was carried out for gold screws and titanium screws using Ti and Zr coating materials with nitrogen gas. Ion nitrided surface of each abutment screw was observed with field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM), micro-diamond scratch tester, vickers hardness tester, and surface roughness tester. RESULTS: 1) The surface of gold screw and GoldTite is more smooth than ones of other kinds of non coated screw. 2) The ZrN and TiN coated surface is the more smooth than ones of other kinds of screw. 3) The hardness of TiN and ZrN coated surface showed higher than that of non coated surface. 4) The TiN coated titanium screw and ZrN coated gold screw have a good wear resistance and adhesion on the surface. 5) The surface of ZrN coated screw showed low surface roughness compared with the surface of TiN coated screw. CONCLUSION: It is considered that the TiN and ZrN coated screw which would prevent a screw from loosening can be appilcable to implant system and confirmed that TiN and ZrN film act as lubricant on surface of screw due to decrease of friction for recycled tightening and loosening.
Alloys ; Dental Implants* ; Friction ; Hardness ; Hardness Tests ; Nitrogen ; Tin ; Titanium

Authors analyzed the findings of findings of chest radiographs and high-resolution CT(HRCT) of chronic mercury vapor poisoning in 12 patients who were diagnosed by previous working history for mercury-thermometer and high level of mercury in blood and urine. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the HRCT findings of chronic mercury vapor poisoning. Duration of mercury exposure was ranged from 10 to 41 months(mean, 21.8 months). Estimated value of serum mercury was ranged from 3.6 to 8.7µg/dl(mean, 5.3 µg/dl: normal value is less than 0.5µg/dl). Estimated value of mercury in urine was ranged from 104 to 482µg/1(mean, 291.4µg/1: normal value is less than 20µg/1). Chest radiographs showed positive findings such as ground-glass opacities and peribronchial cuffings in only 2 out of 12 patients, but HRCT showed positive findings such as ground-glass opacities in 8 patients, peribronchial cuffings in 7 patients, centrilobular abnormalities in 5 patients, interface sign in 4 patients, interlobular septal thickening with intralobular lines in 2 patients and lobular consolidation in one patient. In conclusion, chest HRCT is superior to chest radiograph to show the pulmonary manifestation of chronic mercury vapor poisoning. In patients with chronic mercury vapor poisoning, HRCT findings of centrilobular distributed ground-glass opacities and peribronchial cuffinges are characteristic.
Humans ; Lung* ; Poisoning* ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Reference Values ; Thorax

PURPOSE: Present study has been undertaken to determine the distribution of various renal diseases causing asymptomatic hematuria in children and to evaluate the benefit of doing renal biopsy in these children. METHODS: Study population consisted of 146 children with asymptomatic primary hematuria who had been admitted to the pediatric department of Kyungpook National University Hospital for the past 4 years from 1999 to 2002. In 122 out of 146 cases, renal biopsy was performed percutaneously and in 24 out of 146 cases, diagnosed as idiopathic hypercalciuria, oral calcium loading test was performed. RESULTS: The age(mean+/-SD) at onset or discovery of hematuria of the 146 children included in this study was 8.0+/-3.2 years and the proportion of boys and girls was 54.8% and 45.2%, respectively. In 76 out of 146 cases(52%), asymptomatic hematuria was first diagnosed by school urinalysis screening. The proportion of histopathologic findings based on 122 biopsies was as follows : Thin Glomerular Basement Membrane(TGBM) 73 cases(50%); IgA nephropathy 20 cases(14%); Alport syndrome 6 cases(4%); Membranous Glomerulonephropathy(MGN) 4 cases(3%); Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis(MPGN) 2 cases(1%); IgA nephropathy with TGBM 3 cases(2%); "normal" glomeruli 14 cases(10%). Twenty four cases (16%) were diagnosed as idiopathic hypercalciuria. During follow-up periods, 15% of 146 cases became hematuria-free and renal function did not deteriorate in any cases. CONCLUSION: Unless hematuric children manifest poor prognostic indicators for renal survival, we would recommend long term regular follow-up prior to a renal biopsy.
Biopsy ; Calcium ; Child* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Hematuria* ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria ; Mass Screening ; Nephritis, Hereditary ; Urinalysis

The recently proposed Bethesda system for cervical/vaginal cytology has made a standardization related to "atypia". In cellular changes due to inflammation or repair, the word "benign cellular change" has been suggested as a substitute for atypia. Terminology related to atypical cells may become standardized, but the cytologic criteria has not been well defined yet. We evaluated 160 cases of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance(ASCUS) by the Bethesda System(TBS). Among 30,428 cases screened, a cytologic diagnosis of ASCUS was made in 498 cases(1.6%) and 160 cases were histologically verified. ASCUS was diagnosed based on nuclear enlargement and nonclassical signs of condyloma. The results are as follows: One hundred and twenty three cases(76.9%) revealed chronic cervicitis. Thirty seven cases(23.1%) demonstrated squamous intraepithelial lesion. Among intraepithelial lesions, condyloma and mild dysplasia were 28 cases(75.7%). Moderate and severe dysplasia were 5 cases(13.5%) and 4 cases(10.8%), respectively. It is concluded that patients with ASCUS should be colposcopically examined.
Breast ; Diagnosis ; Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Pneumococcal Infections* ; Streptococcus pneumoniae* ; Streptococcus* ; Uterine Cervicitis

Giant cell tumor (GCT) occurs very unusually in the rib (less than 1% of GCT). We present the cytologic features of GCT of the rib. It showed multiple cellular clusters composed of characteristic, benign looking osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells and fibroblast-like mononuclear cells. The multinucleated giant cells contained numerous nuclei (average, 30 to 40 per cell, which were closely packed. The nuclei in giant cells were remarkably uniform and round to oval. The mononuclear, neoplastic stromal cells were elongated and spindle-shaped, There was no cytologically malignant portion in the tumor.
Child* ; Giant Cell Tumors ; Giant Cells ; Humans ; Ribs ; Stromal Cells ; Urinary Tract*

Localized or solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) of the pleura has been classified as a type of mesothelioma, arising from the submesothelial connective tissue cells. The preoperative diagnosis of the tumor at the cytologic or histologic level is very important for the proper handling of the lesion. This preoperative diagnosis is now possible by means of the advance in the transthoracic fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) techniques and in the very experience of the cytopathologists. We describe FNA cytologic feature of two cases of SFT arising from the pleura. Cytologic, histologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic characteristics of pleural SFT are discussed. The tumor cells of SFT are spindle or oval in shape with a variable amount of cytoplasm. They are arranged in irregular trabeculae intimately ass- ociated with capillaries. A unique cytologic feature observed in this tumor is that thick, eosinophilic, amorphous collagen bundles are scattered between tumor cells
Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Capillaries ; Child* ; Collagen ; Connective Tissue Cells ; Cytoplasm ; Diagnosis ; Eosinophils ; Hematuria* ; Humans ; Mesothelioma ; Pleura ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Solitary Fibrous Tumors

This experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effect of indomethacin and methylprednisolone on PAN-induced nephrosis in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 150~200gm were used and divided into controls, group I (PAN intraperitoneally), group II(PAN intraperitoneally, followed by indomethacin peritoneally for 12 days), group III (PAN intraperitoneally, followed by methylprednisolone peritoneally for 12 days) and group IV (PAN intraperitoneally, followed by cyclosporin subcutaneously for 12 days). Twenty four-hour urinary protein excretion was measured on day 0, 5, 10 and 17. On the 17th day, rats were sacrificed for the determination of total serum protein, albumin and cholesterol levels. Foot process widths of glomerular epithelial cells were measured, and anionic sites of lamina rara externa were determined by using PEI as cationic probes. The following results were obtained. Twenty four-hour urinary protein excretion (mg/day) of group I was significantly increased to 455.7+/-188.8 on the 5th day compared to 15.2+/-3.7 on day 0 (p<0.01), and increased gradulally to 525.6+/-203.5 on the 10th day, then decreased to 280.6+/-25.2 on the 17th day. In group III, 24 hr urinary protein excretion on 17 th day (180.7+/-64.5) was significantly lower than that of group I (280.6+/-25.2). Total serum protein of group III was significantly lower than that of group I, and serum albumin and cholesterol did not show any significant difference among Group I, II, III and IV. Foot process widths (nm) of glomerular epithelial cells in group I, II, III and IV were 409.5+/-15.2, 387.8+/-49.2, 279.9+/-36.9 and 398.3+/-38.3, respectively. And the value of group of group III was significantly lower than that of group I (p<0.01). The number of anionic sites per 1micrometer length of glomerular basement membrane in Group I, II, III and IV were 10.3+/-1.3, 10.1+/-1.6, 12.5+/-1.5and 10.2+/-1.5, respectively. And the value of group III was significantly lower than that of group I (P<0.01). In conclusion, cyclosporin and indomethacin did not show any significant effect on PAN nephrosis in rat. However, methylprednisolone reduced the urinary protein excretion and showed significant recovery of foot process widths and number of anionic sites of glomerular basement membrane.
Animals ; Cholesterol ; Cyclosporine* ; Epithelial Cells ; Foot ; Glomerular Basement Membrane ; Indomethacin* ; Methylprednisolone* ; Nephrosis* ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serum Albumin