Praat is a useful analysis tool for linguists, engineers, doctors, speech-language pathologits, music majors, and natural scientists. Basic parameters including duration, pitch, energy and perturbation parameters such as jitter and shimmer can be easily measured and manipulated in the sound editor. When a more in-depth analysis is needed, it is recommended to understand the advanced menus of the object window and learn how to use them. Among the object window menus, vowel formant analysis, spectrum analysis, and cepstrum analysis can be cited as useful ones in the clinical field. The spectrum object can be usefully used for voice quality measurement and diagnosis of patients with voice disorders by showing the energy distribution according to frequency axis (domain). A cepstrum object is useful for speech analysis when periodicity of the sound object is not measurable. The low to high ratio obtained from the spectral object and the CPPs measured from the cepstrum object have attracted many researchers, and it has been proven that the CPPs measured in Praat are relatively excellent.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of endothelium-dependent and independent responses to endothelins (ETs) in porcine coronary artery. METHODS: The vascular rings of left anterior descending artery or left circumflex artery from 7 pigs were suspended in conventional organ chambers for the measurement of isometric force. To evaluate relaxation responses, vascular rings with endothelium were exposed to ET-1 and ET-3. To evaluate contraction responses, vascular rings with and without endothelium were exposed to ET-1 and ET-3 in the presence or absence of BQ 123 (ET(A) receptor antagonist) or TAK-044 (ET(A) and ET(B) receptor antagonist). RESULTS: Transient relaxation responses of vascular rings occurred after exposure of ET-1 and ET-3. These transient responses disappeared after preincubation with N-nitro-L arginine. There was an increased contractions of vascular rings according to increasing concentration of ET-1 and ET-3. The initial responses were enhanced in vascular rings without endothelium in ET-1 and ET-3. In vascular rings with endothelium, the contraction responses were more reduced in vascular rings with preincubation of BQ 123 than in vascular rings without BQ 123 in ET-1. In vascular rings without endothelium, the contraction responses were more reduced in vascular rings with preincubation of TAK-044 than in vascular rings without TAK-044 in ET-1. CONCLUSION: ET(B) receptor on the endothelium might mediate the transient vasodilator responses to ET-1 and ET-3 through release of nitric oxide in porcine coronary artery. ET(A) and ET(B) receptor on vascular smooth muscle cells might mediate vasoconstrictor responses to ETs.
Arginine ; Arteries ; Coronary Vessels* ; Endothelins* ; Endothelium ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Nitric Oxide ; Receptors, Endothelin ; Relaxation ; Swine

No abstract available.
Guillain-Barre Syndrome* ; Pregnancy*

Various methods of taking of optic foramen view and avalubilities have been studied by many foreigninvistigators, but those in Korea have not been reported yet. The authors have measured and examined the size andshapes of optic foramina of optic foramen views in 111 Korean checked at Inje Medical College Hospital duringabout 3 years form June 1979 to March 1982. The cases were divided into gwo groups, A and B, for the convenienceof study. Group A consisted of 50 normal Korean 5 to 55 years of age with no visual symptoms and signs. Group Bincluded 69 patients 3 to 75 yrs of age with visual symptoms and signs. The results were as follows; 1. Mean valueof actual diameter of optic foramen meassured by Goalwin's method in Group A; Right; A diameter; 4.21mm, Bdiameter; 4.32mm, Left; A diameter; 4.29mm, B diameter; 4.30mm. 2. Absolute symmetry of the greatest diameters ofboth optic foramina in Group A; 36%, difference of 0.5 or lessl 28%, from 0.5 to 1.0mm; 18%, from 1.0 to 1.5mm;8%, uncomparable cases; 10%. The greatest difference was 1.4mm. 3. The shapes of optic foramen in Group A; ovalshape; 65%, circular ; 29%, keyhole or double foramen; 6%. 4. In Goup B, the peak age group was second decade(31%), the most comon clinical cause of examiniation of optic foramen view was optic nerve atrophy(30%), and thepathologic findings were only 4 cases(7%). 5. The technique of optic foramen view by modified Pfeiffer's methoddelineated the outline of optic foramen more clearly than ordinary Rhese's method in our experience.
Humans ; Korea ; Methods ; Optic Nerve

Condyloma acuminatum, a benign disease caused by a filtrable virus, occurs predominantly in the perianal andgenital areas. The lesions are noninvasive but are subject to recurrence. In rare instances, a more aggresive formof this disease, known as "giant condlyloma acuminatum" or "Buschke-Lownestein tumor", occures. In this form,infiltration of the lesion into surrounding structures takes place. This tumor has been reported to occurprincipally in the genitourinary tract. The authors experienced a cases of giant condyloma acuminatum originatingfrom rectum in 67 years old male patient which recurred 3 months after electrofulguration.
Buschke-Lowenstein Tumor ; Humans ; Male ; Rectum ; Recurrence

In carpal injury, a good functional end result seems to correlate with final anatomic alignment of carpus after treatment. Some cases are often misdiagnosed and result in inadequate treatment. Forty six cases of carpal injuries were analysed which were treated for 9 years from 1975 to 1984 at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital. The observations can be summarized as follows. 1. The male to female ratio was 3.5: 1 and 82% of total cases were in the third and fourth decades. 2. The most frequent cause of injury was fall from height with outstretched hand. 3. Trans-scaphoid perilunar dislocation and its variant were the most common diagnosis in this analysis. 4. All of the scapho-lunate dissociation showed volar flexion intercalated segmental instability with scapho-lunate gap more than 2 mm in our series. 5. In 11 cases of trans-scaphoid perilunar dislocation and its variant, carpal collapse was found in 10 cases. In 5 cases dorsiflexion intercalated segmental instability pattern and in one case volar flexion intercalated segmental instability pattern were found to be present. 6, There was an increase in scapho-lunate angle in all cases of dorsiflexion intercalated segmental instability, but a decrease in scapho-lunate angle is not a consistent finding in volar flexion intercalated segmental instability. 7. In 24 cases more than 6 months follow-up, excellent and good results were obtained in 20 cases. 8. As a result of above findings, authors conclude that scapho-lunate gap more than 2mm has diagnostic value in scapho-lunate dissociation but that dorsiflexion intercalated segmental instability or volar flexion intercalated segmental instability only means the changes in the relationship between carpal bones and does not have definite or specific diagnostic value for a specific carpal injury.
Carpal Bones ; Diagnosis ; Dislocations ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand ; Humans ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Seoul ; Wrist

The precise diagnosis of internal derangement of the knee is difficult, since the signs and symptoms are frequently obscure. For this reason, diagnostic aids have long been sought, and arthrogrphy has been widely used as a means to improve diagnostic accuracy. Recently, post-arthrographic high resolution computed tomogrphy has been added to the diagnostic techniques for the evaluation of the knee. Arthrography and post-arthrographic high resolution computed tomography were carried out in 97 cases of clinically suspicious meniscal tear from January 1986 to October 1987. Among them, 40 cases were confirmed by arthroscopic surgery and following results were obtained. l. Arthorgraphy resulted in a diagnostic accuracy of 92.5% and 72.5% for medial and lateral meniscal lesion. Post-arthrographic high resolution computed tomography resulted in that of 95.0% and 90.0% for each meniscal lesion. 2. 16 cases of them were discoid meniscus. 13 cases(92.5%) were detected by arthrography and 16 cases(100%) by post-arthrographic high resolution computed tomography. 3. The sensitivity of arthrography was proved to be 100% and 65.4% for medial and lateral meniscal lesion, and thst of post-arthrographic high resolution computed tomography to be 100% snd 88.5% for each meniscal lesion. The specificity of arthrography was 90.0 and 85.7% in each meniscal lesion and that of post-arthrographic high resolution computed tomography was 93.3% and 92.9% in each meniscal lesion. 4. Post-arthrogrsphic high resolution computed tomography was proved to show better diagnostic accuracy, and good visualization of the relationship and extent of torn meniscal lesions. The meniscal anatomy that was displayed by high resolution computed tomography more accurately depicted the anatomical findings that were seen at arthroscopy. With this additional information, arthroscopists could plan more appropriate surgical approach.
Arthrography ; Arthroscopy ; Diagnosis ; Knee ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tears

Titanium alloy has been widely used as material for total knee arthroplasty(TKA). However, titanium alloy has frequently been reported as causing black staining of the periprosthetic tissues as a result of debries from metallic wear and tissue reaction. We report six cases of failed TKA in five patients, in which the tibial tray and/or metal backed patellar components were composed of titanium alloy. Wear, breakage or separation of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene of tibial insert and/or patellar component, which allowed metal-on-metal friction and aggravated the production of metal wear debries, were observed in all cases. The average time from primary operation to revision was 5 year and 3 months (range, 9 months to 8 year and 8 months). In all cases, patients showed painful swelling of knee jont and radiopaque periarticular deposits on radiogrphs. Most of radiographs showed abnormal position of the metallic components and metal line sign. Histology of synovium showed abundant titanium particles lying free and within histiocytes, and polyethylene and cement particles with foreign-body type giant cell reaction. The synovial lining showed a preliferative reaction and abundant fibrosis was noted. On polarizing briefringent. Elemental analysis of metal particles on histologic section, using energy dispersive X-ray spectrophotometer (EDS ; EDAX PV9900) unit attached to a transmission electron microscope, detected the titanium peak. Radiopaque metallic densitien in the painful knee after TKA are highly suggestive findings of titanium reaction. Tissue reaction in response to the metal wear debries from titanium prosthesis may have contributed to the early failure of these implants.
Alloys ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Deception ; Fibrosis ; Friction ; Giant Cells ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Knee ; Molecular Weight ; Polyethylene ; Prostheses and Implants ; Synovial Membrane ; Titanium

Cerebral arterial embolism which resulted in total occlusion of right proximal middle cerebral artery was occured in 33 years old female patients with severe mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation during percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty(PMV). The occluded artery could be detected by transfemoral carotid angiography and recanalized immediately by intra-arterial infusion of urokinase. There were no cerebral hemorrhage by CT scan after intra-arterial urokinase infusion and the patients discharged without any neurologic sequale 7 days after thrombolysis. We report a case of successful recanalization with intraarterial infusion of urokinase in patient with cerebral arterial embolism occurred during PMV.
Adult ; Angiography ; Arteries ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Embolism* ; Female ; Humans ; Infusions, Intra-Arterial* ; Intracranial Embolism ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Mitral Valve Stenosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator*

Hemorrhagic cystitis is potentially life-threatening sequellae of chemotherapy using oxazaphosphorine alkylating agents (cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide). Mesna contains a sulfhydryl group that is believed to bind acrolein within the urinary collecting system and reduce the hemorrhagic cystitis without affecting the chemotherapeutic potential. To date, about thirty cases of hypersensitivity or allergic reactions of the delayed and urticarial type associated with mesna have been reported. We reported two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who developed facial rash and flushing associated with mesna which imitate malar rash.
Acrolein ; Alkylating Agents ; Cyclophosphamide ; Cystitis ; Drug Therapy ; Exanthema* ; Flushing ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Mesna*