To develop an animal model of nephrolithiasis similar to the pattern of human renal stone disease, we adopted a protocol of administration of stone substrates along with induction of renal tubular injuries. Male Wister rats fed with 3% ammonium oxalate containing chows with or without additional 40 mg/kg/day of gentamicin for 8 days were compared with those fed with normal chows. On dissecting microscopic examination, rats receiving oxalate and gentamicin showed more crystals and plaques than rats receiving oxalate only, both in 15 days and 22 days after feeding, and most of the crystals were located at renal papilla. Average score of crystal abundance was 0.4, 1.15, respectively in rats receiving oxalate only and oxalate plus gentamicin after 15 days of feeding, and 0.9 and 1.55, respectively after 22 days. Little crystals were found in rats fed with normal chow with or without gentamicin. Urinary excretion of tubular epithelial brush border enzyme, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT), was increased by gentamicin administration whereas creatinine clearance rate was not changed. Urinary excretion of oxalate was unchanged, but calcium and uric acid was markedly decreased in rats fed with oxalate and formed crystals, and citrate and magnesium excretion was also decreased. These results indicate that administration of oxalate along with inducing renal tubular damages by subcutaneous injection of gentamicin seems to form crystals and plaques in the kidney more rapidly and abundantly than feeding with oxalate alone.
Animals* ; Calcium ; Citric Acid ; Creatinine ; Gentamicins ; Humans ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Kidney ; Magnesium ; Male ; Microvilli ; Models, Animal* ; Nephrolithiasis* ; Oxalic Acid ; Rats ; Uric Acid

BACKGROUNR/AIMS: Heterogeneity of liver cell populations within the hepatic lobules can affect xenobiotic reaction. In this study, we attempt to clarify the stereological distribution of the y-GTP positive foci in hepatic lobule initiated by diethylnitrosamine and promoted by phenobarbital. METHODS/METERIALS: To the five Sprague-Dawley rats, one day after birth, diethylnitrosamine (0.15 pmole/pn) was intraperitoneally injected and by the weaning at four weeks of life, 0.035% phenobarbital in drinking water was fed for four weeks, at which time the rats were sacrified to obtain the livers. Livers were fixed in fresh cold ethanol acetic acid. Ihe 200 cotmecutive tissue sections were stained by histochemistry for y-GIP and countastained with toluidine blue ar HkE. Employing Zeiss microprojector, y-GTP foci wae traced. And then the largest cross-sectian (size class: 65-165 pm in diameter) of 52 y-GTP foci were selected. Using microscopic grid, distances fiom center of y-GlP foci to nearest centtal vein and bile ductule was measured. As a control group, out of 52 random points determined by rareken digit table, the distances were measured by the same romr. RESULT: the diameter Aom the central points of y-GIP positive foci to the neatest bile ductules was measured as 0.234620+0.14899mm (mean+SD) and the diameter from random points to the neatest bile ductules was measured as 0.303080+0.19582mm (mean+SD). Y-GTP positive foci located within 0.3mm diameter fram bile ductules were counted as 73.1% of 52 foci, whereas that of random points were only 55.8%. Accoring to Aequency table analysis by Shapiro-Wilk W test, there was significant difference by W-value (0.812065) and p-value (0.0144866). CONCLUSION: Stereologically, y -GTP positive foci initiated by diethylnitros;unine, promoted by phaxkarbital in neonatal Spague-Dawley rats were non-rarxlanly distributed in peripcetal atea (Rappaport zone I) in hepatic lobule during hepatocarcinogenesis.
Acetic Acid ; Animals ; Bile ; Diethylnitrosamine ; Drinking Water ; Ethanol ; Liver* ; Parturition ; Phenobarbital ; Population Characteristics ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley* ; Tolonium Chloride ; Veins ; Weaning

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatocytes on the hepatic lobule mipate from portal zone to centrilobular mea as the DNA synthesis within it. And also, the xenobiotic reactions reveal characteristic differences associated with zone specific metabolism in the liver acinus. In this study, the zonal distribution of ethylnitrosourea (ENU)-induced hepatic precancerous lesion was stereologically investigated. METHODS: Nine B6C3F1 mices were given I.p. injection of ENU (60 ug/pn body weight) when the pups were 15 days old prior to sacrifices at 8 weeks of life. All the 150 consecutive sections, 3 p m in thickness, were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and identified the basophilic precancerous lesions with 80-165 p m diameter in equatorial plane by the Zeiss microprojector. And then the distances from the center of selected foci to terminal hepatic vein or portal vein branches were estimated under the microscopic fields. As a control group, the same estimations were performed from the random points by the appointments of random digit table. RESULTS: Mean distance between ENU-induced 52 hepatocellular foci and the nearest terminal hepytic vein was 181.15+112.39 p m (Mean+ SD), but that of randomly selected 104 points was 291.73+157.98pm (Mean+5D) (Students t-test, p<0.0005). Substantially, 52.7% of ENU-induced 52 hepatocellular foci were within 300 p m from the terminal hepatic vein, but randomly selected 104 points were only 50.9% (Shapiro Wilk W test, w=0.819857, p=0.048038). Mean distance from ENU-induced 52 foci to portal vein was 398.85+149.98pm (Mean+SD), but that from the randomly selected 104 points was 315.87+145.79 pm (Mean+SD)(Students t-test, p<0.0005). CONCLUSION: Stereologically, ENU-induced mice liver cell foci distribute non-randomly to Zone III, centrilobular zone of mouse hepatic acini where promote invasion toward terminal hepatic veins.
Animals ; Appointments and Schedules ; Basophils ; Cholestasis ; DNA ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Ethylnitrosourea ; Fluconazole ; Hematoxylin ; Hepatic Veins ; Hepatocytes ; Liver ; Metabolism ; Mice* ; Portal Vein ; Veins

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of prostatitis symptoms in the general population by questionnaire survey and to measure the effect of prostatitis symptoms on quality of life(QOL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional community-based epidemiologic study was performed on 2,034 men, living in the Seoul metropolitan area using stepwise random sampling. Out of 2,034 interviewees, 1,356 men who were older than 40 and provided sufficient information were selected for this study. The questionnaires were completed by well trained interviewers. Contents of the questionnaires included demographic data, the Prostatitis Symptom Index(PSI), the International Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS), a general health questionnaire section and a sexual health questionnaire section. The PSI was composed of a sum of the scores from three questions about dysuria, penile pain and perineal pain and it ranged 0 to 12. Incidence of prostatitis symptoms was defined by a score of 4 or more and the reference group was defined as consisting of those with a score of 3 or less. The rate of incidence of prostatitis symptoms was assessed according to age and the difference of QOL between the prostatitis symptoms group and the reference group. RESULTS: The overall positive rate of prostatitis symptoms measured by the PSI, in men older than 40, living in the Seoul metropolitan area, was 4.5%(61/1,356), adjusted to 4.8% by the relative proportion of this age group in the general population of the Seoul metropolitan area as compared to Korea and the World. The proportion of the group with prostatitis symptoms assessed by the PSI did not increase with age although the proportion of participants with moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) did increase with age. The group with prostatitis symptoms suffered from a much greater incidence of LUTS compared to the reference group (p<0.05). The QOL scores of the IPSS, and the general health and sexual health status of the group with prostatitis symptoms, were worse than those of the reference group.(p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The positive rate of prostatitis symptoms in men older than 40, living in the Seoul metropolitan area, was 4.8% and it didn't increase with age. The general QOL of the group with prostatitis symptoms was much worse than that of the reference group.
Dysuria ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Male ; Prevalence ; Prostate ; Prostatitis* ; Quality of Life* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Reproductive Health ; Seoul

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Prevalence* ; Seoul* ; Urolithiasis*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Autoradiography ; Carcinogenesis* ; Diethylnitrosamine ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase* ; Liver* ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Autoradiography ; Carcinogenesis* ; Diethylnitrosamine ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase* ; Liver* ; Rats*

BACKGROUND: It has been hypothesized that early atherosclerosis may be related to the pathogenesis of coronary vasospasm. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between early atherosclersosis and coronary vasospasm or vasoconstriction in response to axetylcholine utilizing intravascular ultrasonography. METHOD: Total 43 segments were analyzed from subjects who were composed of 10 patients with and 7 patients without coronary vasospasm in response to intra coronary acetylcholine infusion. Spasm segment(Sp) was defined as total or subtotal occlusion, constriction segment(C) as diameter decrease>/=10%, and normal segment(N) as diameter decrease<10% compared to baseline coronary angiogram. Atherosclerotic plaque thickness was defined as the sum of thickness of intimal leading edge and sonolucent zone. Atherosclerosis was defined as atherosclerotic plaque thickness > 0.5mm. RESULTS: The atherosclerotic plaques of spasm segments were significantly thicker than those of normal and constriction segments(spasm segments : 1.19+/-0.21mm, constrict segments : 0.58+/-0.11mm, normal segment : 0.37+/-0.11, p<0.05). Atherosclerosis was present in 90% of spasm segments. Among normal of constriction segments, atherosclerotic plaque thickness of patients with vasospasm was thicker than that of patients without vasospasm, although it was statistically insignificant(patients with vasospasm : 0.65+/-0.51mm, patients without vasospasm 0.36+/-0.39mm, p=0.07). Frequency of atherosclerosis in normal or constriction segments was significantly higher in patients with vasospasm than patients without vasospasm(patients with vasospasm 47%, patients without vasospasm : 11%, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Atherosclerosis is present at segments of vasospasm in response to intracoronary acetylcholine. Even among normal or constriction segments, the artherosclerotic plaque thickness of patients with vasospasm was thicker than that of patients without vasospasm which may indicates that coronary vasospasm is a diffuse early atherosclerotic disease.
Acetylcholine ; Atherosclerosis ; Constriction ; Coronary Vasospasm* ; Humans ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; Spasm ; Ultrasonography* ; Ultrasonography, Interventional ; Vasoconstriction*

Chronic neutrophilic leukemia(CNL) is a rare disorder characterized by persistent neutrophilia of mature cell type without evidence of infection, hepatosplenomegaly, elevated neutrophil alkaline phosphatase score and the absence of Philadelphia chromosome We report a typical case of CNL with multiple myeloma(IgG-lambda type) in 68 years old female. Many neutrophils had toxic granule and vacuole. The peripheral blood smear showed neutrophlic leukocytosis(50,940/microliter, neutrophil 94%) with rare immature form. The cytogenetic study showed normal karyotype without Philadelphia chromosome. She was diagnosed as multiple myeloma with paraproteinemia, lytic bone lesion of skull, and immature plasma cells in bone marrow.
Aged ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Bone Marrow ; Cytogenetics ; Female ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Leukemia, Neutrophilic, Chronic* ; Multiple Myeloma* ; Neutrophils ; Paraproteinemias ; Philadelphia Chromosome ; Plasma Cells ; Skull ; Vacuoles

Objective: The aim of the present study was to explore whether or not cancer patients’ viral anxiety and depression during the coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic were associated with a fear of cancer progression. We also assessed whether coping strategies affected the relationship. Methods: The present cross-sectional survey included cancer patients who visited Ulsan University Hospital in Ulsan, Korea. The participants’ demographic information and responses to the following symptoms rating scales were collected: Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemic–6; Patient Health Questionnaire–9; Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-short version; or Fear of Progression Questionnaire-short version. Results: Of the 558 cancer patients surveyed, 25 (4.5%) reported that their treatment schedule was delayed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The patients’ fear of progression was found to be related to age (β=-0.08; p=0.011), viral anxiety (β=0.40; p<0.001), depression (β=0.26; p<0.001), and catastrophizing coping strategies (β=0.15; p=0.004), for an overall adjusted R2 of 0.46 (F=66.8; p<0.001). Mediation analysis showed that viral anxiety and depression were directly associated with fear of progression, while catastrophizing mediated this relationship. Conclusion Fear of progression in cancer patients was associated with viral anxiety, depression, and maladaptive coping techniques, such as catastrophizing, during the COVID-19 pandemic.