For the better correction of strabismus surgery, various adjustable surgical technics are performed with general or retrobulbar anesthesia. Topical anesthetics with IV analgesics (Fentany 1 citrate) and sedative (Valium) can induce adequate pain control without inhibiting extraocular muscle activities and enable intraoperative adjustment easily and conveniently without the troublesome maneuver of postoperative adjustment and accompanying risk of infection Intraoperative adjustable surgery is better than postoperative adjustable surgery because it is easier to perform due to less tissue edema, enables to avoid the risk of retrobulbar or peribulbar anesthesia, and the risk of infection. We operated 20 strabismic patients aging 10 to 48 years using the intraoperative adjustment and topical anesthetics with the good success rate 90%, within +/- 10 delta after 5 weeks follow-up.
Aging ; Analgesics ; Anesthesia ; Anesthetics* ; Edema ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Strabismus*

For the better correction of strabismus surgery, various adjustable surgical technics are performed with general or retrobulbar anesthesia. Topical anesthetics with IV analgesics (Fentany 1 citrate) and sedative (Valium) can induce adequate pain control without inhibiting extraocular muscle activities and enable intraoperative adjustment easily and conveniently without the troublesome maneuver of postoperative adjustment and accompanying risk of infection Intraoperative adjustable surgery is better than postoperative adjustable surgery because it is easier to perform due to less tissue edema, enables to avoid the risk of retrobulbar or peribulbar anesthesia, and the risk of infection. We operated 20 strabismic patients aging 10 to 48 years using the intraoperative adjustment and topical anesthetics with the good success rate 90%, within +/- 10 delta after 5 weeks follow-up.
Aging ; Analgesics ; Anesthesia ; Anesthetics* ; Edema ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Strabismus*

Latent transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-binding protein (LTBP) is required for the assembly, secretion, matrix association, and activation of latent TGF-beta complex. To elucidate the cell specific expression of the genes of LTBP-1 and their splice variants and the factors that regulate the gene expression, we cultured primary human glomerular endothelial cells (HGEC) under different conditions. Basal expression of LTBP-1 mRNA was suppressed in HGEC compared to WI-38 human embryonic lung fibroblasts. High glucose, H2O2, and TGF-beta1 upregulated and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) further downregulated LTBP-1 mRNA in HGEC. RT-PCR with a primer set for LTBP-1S produced many clones but no clone was gained with a primer set for LTBP-1L. Of 12 clones selected randomly, Sca I mapping and DNA sequencing revealed that only one was LTBP-1S and all the others were LTBP-1S delta 53. TGF-beta1, but not high glucose, H2O2 or VEGF, tended to increase LTBP-1S delta 53 mRNA. In conclusion, HGEC express LTBP-1 mRNA which is suppressed at basal state but upregulated by high glucose, H2O2, and TGF-beta1 and downregulated by VEGF. Major splice variant of LTBP-1 in HGEC was LTBP-1S delta 53. Modification of LTBP-1S delta 53 gene in HGEC may abrogate fibrotic action of TGF-beta1 but this requires confirmation.
*Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Molecular ; Comparative Study ; Endothelial Cells/drug effects/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Glucose/pharmacology ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*genetics ; Kidney Glomerulus/cytology ; Protein Isoforms/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/pharmacology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/pharmacology