No abstract available.
Cervix Uteri* ; Female

Purpose: This study examined the patient-reported outcome scores at mid-term follow-up after arthroscopic labral preservation in patients with borderline hip dysplasia. Materials and Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from patients who underwent arthroscopic labral preservation. Among the 61 patients classified with hip dysplasia, patients with arthritis beyond Tönnis grade II were excluded, Patients with subchondral bony exposure were excluded even if they had arthritis of Tönnis grade I. Forty-two patients with borderline hip dysplasia were enrolled among patients whose lateral center edge angle (LCEA) was between 18° and 25°. The PRO scores including the modified Harris hip score (mHHS), hip outcome score activities of daily living (HOS-ADL), hip outcome score sport-specific subscale (HOS-SSS) and visual analog scale (VAS), were collected and compared preoperatively, and then at one year and a minimum of five years after surgery. Results: The mean preoperative LCEA and Tönnis angle were 20.9° (range, 18° to 25°) and 6.3° (range, 0° to 18°), respectively. The mean follow-up was 64.8 (range, 60 to 84) months. The mean mHHS increased from 73.5 before surgery to 86.2 in the fifth year after surgery (p<0.01), the mean HOS-ADL from 70.5% before surgery to 84.9% in the fifth year after surgery (p<0.01), and the mean HOS-SSS from 51.4 before surgery to 69.4 in the fifth year after surgery (p<0.01). The mean VAS score improved from 6.3 before surgery to 1.5 in the fifth year after surgery (p<0.01). Conclusion Arthroscopic labral preservation performed in appropriately selected patients with borderline dysplasia showed good results at mid-term follow-up. In borderline hip dysplasia without the progress of osteoarthritis and subchondral bone exposure, arthroscopic labral preservation may be considered a good and less invasive option.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatocytes on the hepatic lobule mipate from portal zone to centrilobular mea as the DNA synthesis within it. And also, the xenobiotic reactions reveal characteristic differences associated with zone specific metabolism in the liver acinus. In this study, the zonal distribution of ethylnitrosourea (ENU)-induced hepatic precancerous lesion was stereologically investigated. METHODS: Nine B6C3F1 mices were given I.p. injection of ENU (60 ug/pn body weight) when the pups were 15 days old prior to sacrifices at 8 weeks of life. All the 150 consecutive sections, 3 p m in thickness, were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and identified the basophilic precancerous lesions with 80-165 p m diameter in equatorial plane by the Zeiss microprojector. And then the distances from the center of selected foci to terminal hepatic vein or portal vein branches were estimated under the microscopic fields. As a control group, the same estimations were performed from the random points by the appointments of random digit table. RESULTS: Mean distance between ENU-induced 52 hepatocellular foci and the nearest terminal hepytic vein was 181.15+112.39 p m (Mean+ SD), but that of randomly selected 104 points was 291.73+157.98pm (Mean+5D) (Students t-test, p<0.0005). Substantially, 52.7% of ENU-induced 52 hepatocellular foci were within 300 p m from the terminal hepatic vein, but randomly selected 104 points were only 50.9% (Shapiro Wilk W test, w=0.819857, p=0.048038). Mean distance from ENU-induced 52 foci to portal vein was 398.85+149.98pm (Mean+SD), but that from the randomly selected 104 points was 315.87+145.79 pm (Mean+SD)(Students t-test, p<0.0005). CONCLUSION: Stereologically, ENU-induced mice liver cell foci distribute non-randomly to Zone III, centrilobular zone of mouse hepatic acini where promote invasion toward terminal hepatic veins.
Animals ; Appointments and Schedules ; Basophils ; Cholestasis ; DNA ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Ethylnitrosourea ; Fluconazole ; Hematoxylin ; Hepatic Veins ; Hepatocytes ; Liver ; Metabolism ; Mice* ; Portal Vein ; Veins

Leprosy is a granulomatous disease primarily affecting the peripheral nerves. The pathogenesis would be related to the cell-mediated response to mycobacterial antigens, metabolic and biochemical change of Schwann cell, circulating demyelinating factors and other autoimmune process. A specific nerve tissue protein, S-100 protein, has been demonstrated in normal nerves and nerve complexes. The stains of S-100 protein in dermal nerves of leprosy patients have been suggested in assessing the presence of nerve damage. We have estimated the concentration of S-100 protein in the sera of 64 leprosy patients(38 lepromatous leprosy, 26 tuberculoid leprosy) and that of 20 normal controls without neurologic disorders by ELISA. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The mean S-100 protein concentration was 0.0042ng/ml in a total of 64 leprosy patients, with 0.0062ng/ml in lepromatous type and 0.018ng/ml in tuberculoid type. The controls showed 0.0017ng/ml. 2. The analysis of age and serum S-100 protein concentration in both types showed lower value in the fifties of tuberculoid type(p<0.05). With the increase of age, mean S-100 protein concentration in both types tended to increase, but there was no significant correlation(p>0.05). 3. The analysis of duration of illness and serum S-100 protein concentration in both types showed higher value in the forties and fifties in lepromatous type(p<0.05). With the increase of duration of illness, mean S-100 protein concentration tended to increase in lepromatous type and slightly decreased in tuberculoid type, but there was no significant correlation(p>0.05). 4. The mean S-100 protein concentration of patients with neurologic symptoms was 0.0577ng/ml, in contrast with 0.0016ng/ml in patients without neurologic symptoms (p<0.05). In conclusion, the measurement of serum S-100 protein would play a potential role of a useful marker of assessing nerve damage in leprosy patients, esp, with neurologic symptoms.
Coloring Agents ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Leprosy* ; Leprosy, Lepromatous ; Nerve Tissue ; Nervous System Diseases ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Peripheral Nerves ; S100 Proteins*

BACKGROUND: Video assisted thoracic sympathectomy or sympathicotomy is a safe and effective therapy for the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis with immediate symptomatic imporvement. However the degree of satisfaction may diminish with time due to cmpensatory sweating or excessive hand dryness. Therefore by comparing and assessing the degree of symptomatic improvement or compensatory sweating following sympathectomy or sympathicotomy at various levels we aim to determine the optimal level of sympathetic nerve block which will result in minimal side effects and maximal benefit. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Among 194 patients having undergone video assisted thoracic sympathectomy or sympathicotomy between January 1996 and June 1999, 137 patients who responded to either telephone interview or questionnaire were included in the current study. The patients were divided into three groups. Group I(n=61) ; patients having undergone T2,3,4 sympathectomy group II(35) ; patients having undergone T2 sympathicotomy and group III(41) ; patients having undergone limited T2 sympathicotomy which consist of block of interganglionic neuronal fiber on the third rib. The parameters studied comprised of pre- and post-operative palmar temperature change treatment satisfaction the degree of compensatory sweating or discomfort from palmar dryness postoperative complication and changes in plantar sweating. RESULT: There was no difference in age and sex among the groups and the mean postoperative elevation in palmar temperature was 21.59degrees C without any differences among the groups. Patients expressing satisfaction were 65.6%, 62.9% and 90.24% in groups I, II and III, respectively(p<0.05) Moderate to severe compensatory sweating was present in 65.6% 51.4%, and 24.39%, in group I, II, and III, respectively (p<0.05) Slight but comfortable amount of palmar humidness was expressed in decreasing order group III(41.6%) group I(24.6%) and group II(5.7%) (p<0.05) Ineffectiveness or recurrence was present in 5patients in group I(8.2%) 1 patient in group II(2.9%) and none in group III. With regards to plantar sweating decrease in sweating was expressed in 43 patients(31.4%) while similar degree of sweating in 61 patients(44.5%) and increase in sweating in another 33 patinets(24.1%). CONCLUSION: Limited T2 sympathicotomy resection of the lower interganglionic neuronal fiber of the second sympathetic ganglion on the third rib showed immediate effect in palmar hyperhidrosis and caused lesser compensatory sweating and hand dryness.
Autonomic Nerve Block ; Ganglia, Sympathetic ; Hand ; Humans ; Hyperhidrosis* ; Interviews as Topic ; Neurons ; Postoperative Complications ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Recurrence ; Ribs ; Sweat ; Sweating ; Sympathectomy

OBJECTIVES: This study was to evaluate the impacts of simultaneous exposure to noise and mixed solvents on workers'hearing threshold level (HTL) over five-year period. METHODS: The study was conducted by interview and annual audiometric test on workers in ship building industry from 1994 to 1998. The cases(workers who exposed to noise and mixed solvent simultaneously) were 43 male workers and controls (workers who exposed to nolle) were selected by matching method with regard to age, sex, carrier, and noise exposure level. To assess the impacts of solvent exposure on hearing threshold level, with considering other factors, general liner model was used. RESULTS: 1. The audiogram of all subjects showed typical sensorineural hearing loss pattern. The mean HTLe were increased at high frequency (4000HB and 8000Hz) for study period. 2. The HTLs of cases were more increased than those of controls at high frequencies (4000Hz and 8000Hz), but there was not statlstical significance. 3. The impact of age on the HTL was statistically significant at 250Hz and 500Hz (p(0.05), and the impact of noise on the HTL was statistically significant at 250Hz, 2000Hz and 4000Hz (p(0.05), but the impact solvent exposure on the HTL was not significant. 4. The changes in HTLs of cases were higher than those of controls at high frequency, there were not statistical significance at 4000Hz, but only at 8000Hz (p=0.087). 5. Statistical analysis of the general linear model implicated that the changes in HTL was impacted by noise exposure bevel significantly (p=0.031) and Impacted by solvent exposure weakly (p=0.087) at 8000Hz. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that workers who simultaneously exposed to noise and mixed solvent were at risk for more affected HTL than those exposed to noise exposure only, but we could not find definitive evidence. Further detailed studies must be made in large number of workers.
Construction Industry ; Hearing Loss* ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; Hearing* ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Noise ; Ships ; Solvents

Myofascial pain syndrome, which has trigger points, is one of the most common causes of acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain. The trigger points formed by damage to the muscle fibers are focal areas of taut bands in the skeletal muscle that are hypersensitive to palpation. When manual pressure is applied over a trigger point, it produces distinct local and referred pain. Although various modalities have been used to treat trigger points, trigger point injection is the most effective treatment modality to inactivate trigger points. This article reviews the diagnosis and treatment of myofascial pain syndrome and the technique of trigger point injection.

BACKGROUND: Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is being used as a therapeutic modality in many diseases in which thoracotomy has been used. We studied that the VATS can substitute the thoracotomy in benign esophageal disease. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Group I (n=18) underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery, and group II (n=19) thoracotomy. Group I includes 14 leiomyomas and 4 achalasias. Group II includes 16 leiomyomas and 3 achalasias. Operative technique is enucleation in the leiomyoma and modified Heller's myotomy in the achalasia. Analyzing factors of operation-efficacy are anesthetic time, operation time, hospital stay, chest tube drainage amount and chest tube removal day. The degree of the postoperative pain is assessed by the frequency of opioid analgesics injection. RESULT: There was no death in both groups. There were 5 complications in the group I and 2 in the group II. Prolonged pleural effusion and restenosis of achalasia occurred to 1 patient in each group. In the group I, there were 1 temporaty vocal cord palsy and 2 mucosal tear leading to thoracotomy. There were no differences in anesthesia time, operation time, hospital stay, total chest tube drainage amount, chest tube removal day and frequency of opioid analgesics injection. The amount of the chest tube drainage at POD 1 day was significantly lower in group I (155.6+/-77.8cc) than in group II (572.8+/-280.1cc) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of our data showed that video-assisted thoracic surgery for benign esophageal disease is as effective as thoracotomy and in addition, cosmetic effect is much better. We concluded VATS may be a substitute for thoracotomy in benign esophageal disease.
Analgesics, Opioid ; Anesthesia ; Chest Tubes ; Drainage ; Esophageal Achalasia ; Esophageal Diseases* ; Humans ; Leiomyoma ; Length of Stay ; Pain, Postoperative ; Pleural Effusion ; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted* ; Thoracotomy* ; Vocal Cord Paralysis

PURPOSE: Sporadic colorectal cancer with micosatellite instability (MSI) is supposed to have a distinct molecular profile, distinct clinocopathologic feature, and a distinct prognosis. However, the test for MSI is still expensive, and a big machine is needed for routine screening. This study was performed to examine the clinicopathologic of characteristics of MSI sporadic colorectal cancer and the efficacy of immunohistochemical staining for hMLH1 and hMSH2. METHODS: Five hundred sixty nine colorectal adenocarinomas resected from September 2003 to August 2004 at Asan Medical Center were prospectively collected. FAP (familial adenomatous polyposis), HNPCC (hereditary non-polyposis colo-rectal cancer), and incomplete tests of immunohistochemical staining or MSI were excluded. The MSI status was determined by using PCR (polymerase chain reaction). A first round of immunohistochemical staining for hMLH1/hMSH2 was performed, and a second round was performed for cases showing a disparity between the two exams. The clinicopathologic variables regarding the MSI status were analyzed, and the sensitivity and the specificity of immunohistochemical staining were evaluated. RESULTS: Sporadic colorectal cancers with MSI-H were 8.4% (n=48) and were associated with age (< or = 60 years), colorectal cancer familial history, synchronous colorectal cancer, right side tumor location, and poorly differentiated or mucinous cell type. However, age, synchronous colorectal cancer, and right side tumor location were associated an the multivariate analysis. In the first round of immunohistochemical staining, no expression of hMLH1 and/or hMSH2 was obserred in 71 cases (12.5%), and the sensitivity and the specificity were 50.0% and 91.9%, respectively. After repetitive immunohistochemical staining for the 71 cases showing disagreement with the to MSI status, the sensitivity and the specificity of the second round of immunohistochemical staining were 53.3% and 97.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Sporadic colorectal cancer with MSI appears to have distinct characteristics. However, immunohistochemical staining for hMLH1 and hMSH2 is not accurate enough to be used instead of MSI.
Chungcheongnam-do ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Mass Screening ; Microsatellite Instability* ; Microsatellite Repeats* ; Mucins ; Multivariate Analysis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is a rare disease, which develops as a result of congenital or acquired causes. Moreover, TEF can be caused by an overinflated cuff during respiratory care with a ventilator in the ICU. So, a low pressure high volume cuff is being used to prevent injury of the tracheal mucosa by the endotracheal tube. The use of a low pressure high volume cuff has decreased respiratory complications, but TEF is still being reported. This case concerns a 78-year-olds woman with heart failure. She was hospitalized for hemiarthroplasty because of a right femur fracture. On the day after admission, she had apnea due to heart failure, but recovered on receiving respiratory care by using a ventilator in the ICU. Thereafter, she began to show symptoms such as paroxysmal coughing, vomiting, and aspiration. We investigated using computed tomography, bronchoscopy and esophagography. We observed a 2-3 cm sized fistula along the posterior wall of the trachea. It was located about 10 cm upper side from the carina on bronchoscopy, perfomed was found in the ICU. She was found to have a TEF and was treated surgically. After her symptoms had improved, she was given hemiarthroplasty under epidural anesthesia. However, 4 days after the operation, the TEF relapsed, but was not as severe as it had been previously. She was alert, but ambulation was not possible because of a general weakness due to long-term hospitalization. Even with the danger of aspiration pneumonia, she left the hospital upon her guardian's request. We report upon this clinical experience and include a brief review of the literature.
Aged ; Anesthesia, Epidural ; Apnea ; Bronchoscopy ; Cough ; Female ; Femur ; Fistula ; Heart Failure ; Hemiarthroplasty ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; Pneumonia, Aspiration ; Rare Diseases ; Trachea ; Tracheoesophageal Fistula* ; Ventilators, Mechanical ; Vomiting ; Walking