This study aimed to investigate the existence of GABA receptor and the mechanisms of action of GABA and diazepam of the trachealis muscle isolated from dog. Horizontal muscle strips of 2mm×15mm were prepared from canine trachea, and isometric myography in isolated muscle chamber bubbled with 95/5%-O₂/CO₂ at 36℃, at the pH of 7.4 was performed. Muscle strips contracted responding to the electrical field stimulation (ESP) by 2~20 Hz, 20 msec, monophasic square wave of 60 VDC. GABA and diazepam suppressed the EFS-induced contractions to the similar extent, significantly. (p<0.05). Bicuculline, a GABA(A) receptor antagonist blocked both GABA- and diazepam-inhibitions; but DAVA, a GABA(B) receptor antagoinst did not affect either of them. These results suggest than in the canine trachealis muscle, there may be only GABA(A) receptor, and GABA and diazepam inhibit the contractility via GABA(A) receptor.
Animals ; Bicuculline ; Diazepam ; Dogs ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid* ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Myography ; Receptors, GABA ; Receptors, GABA-A ; Trachea

No abstract available.
DNA* ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin*

BACKGROUND: Anesthesiologists often encounter patients who have acute, massive blood loss and severe hemodilution as the result of fluid therapy in the operating room. It is known that patients with normal heart function survive at hemoglobin 4 6 g/dl. Recently, the incidence of elderly patients with ischemic heart disease have been increasing progressively but studies about critical hematocrit level in patients with ischemic heart disease are rare. This study, therefore, was designed to evaluate the hemodynamic response of isovolemic hemodilution in myocardial ischemia-induced dogs. METHODS: In 12 anesthetized dogs, a Swan-Ganz catheter and left ventricle catheter were inserted and hemodynamic parameters were measured as control values. Myocardial ischemia was induced with a left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation. Thereafter, isovolemic hemodilutions were done several times to set the hematocrit levels of 36%, 31%, 26%, 21%, 16%, and 11%. Records and samples for hemodynamic parameters were obtained after LAD ligation and at each hematocrit level. RESULTS: There were significant decreases in diastolic blood pressures in hematocrits 21%, 16%, 11%, in mean arterial pressures in hematocrits 16%, 11% and in systolic blood pressure in hematocrit 11% (P < 0.05). Oxygen delivery progressively decreased in hematocrits 36%, 31%, 26%, 21%, 16% and 11% (P < 0.05). Oxygen extraction ratios progressively increased and were statistically significant in hematocrits 21%, 16% and 11% (P < 0.05). Arterial blood gases showed metabolic acidosis in hematocrits 16% and 11%. There was decreased PCO2 in hematocrit 11% (P < 0.05). Mixed venous blood oxy-hemoglobin saturation decreased in hematocrit 16% and 11% (P < 0.05). Other variables were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Blood pressure decreased at hematocrit 16% so it is necessary to maintain a hematocrit level above 21% at least in cardiac depressed dogs.
Acidosis ; Aged ; Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Catheters ; Coronary Vessels ; Dogs* ; Fluid Therapy ; Gases ; Heart ; Heart Ventricles ; Hematocrit ; Hemodilution* ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ligation ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Operating Rooms ; Oxygen

BACKGROUND: Automated systems are used widely for pre-transfusion tests in blood banks, in an attempt to reduce effort and human error. We evaluated the clinical performance of an automated blood bank system, ORTHO VISION (Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Switzerland), for blood cross-matching. METHODS: Saline cross-matching was performed for 93 tests using 56 samples. Coombs cross-matching was performed for 400 tests using 166 samples. Saline cross-matching was compared for the automated ORTHO VISION and manual tube methods. Coombs cross-matching was compared for the automated ORTHO VISION and manual column agglutination technique (CAT) methods. The evaluation of 32 antibody-positive samples using the automated ORTHO VISION and manual CAT methods was compared by performing 97 cross-matching tests. Additionally, the ORTHO VISION efficiency and carryover were evaluated. RESULTS: The concordance rate of the saline cross-matching results between the manual method and automated ORTHO VISION was 100%. The concordance rate of coombs cross-matching results between manual CAT and automated ORTHO VISION was 97.9%. The concordance rate of cross-matching for antibody positive samples between manual CAT and the automated ORTHO VISION was 97.9%. Coombs cross-matching was efficient using ORTHO VISION, whereas saline cross-matching was efficient using the tube manual method. CONCLUSIONS: ORTHO VISION showed reliable results for cross-matching and was more efficient than manual CAT for coombs cross-matching. Thus, ORTHO VISION can be used for pre-transfusion tests in blood banks.
Agglutination ; Animals ; Automation ; Blood Banks ; Cats ; Humans ; Methods

BACKGROUND: Analysis of body fluids provides important information for assessing various medical conditions. We aimed to validate the analytical and diagnostic performance of the Sysmex UF-5000 (Sysmex, Japan) system for the analysis of different body fluids. METHODS: Eighty body fluid samples were analyzed using the UF-5000 system in the body fluid mode and light microscopy. Body fluids included ascitic, pleural, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as well as other fluid samples. RESULTS: A comparison between the UF-5000 system and manual counting demonstrated good correlations with regard to red (r=0.6555) and white blood cell (r=0.9666) counts. The UF-5000 system also demonstrated good performance for differential cell counting (r=0.9028). CSF particularly showed a good correlation. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the UF-5000 system for cell counting and differential analysis of body fluid samples might be an effective and automated alternative to chamber counting in laboratory routine analysis, thereby enhancing laboratory workflow and clinical effectiveness.
Automation ; Body Fluids ; Cell Count ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Erythrocytes ; Leukocytes ; Methods ; Microscopy ; Treatment Outcome

No abstract available.
*Aneuploidy ; Bone Marrow/pathology ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 ; Down Syndrome/*complications ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia/pathology ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Infant ; Isochromosomes/*genetics ; Karyotype ; Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/complications/*diagnosis ; Megakaryocytes/pathology

BACKGROUND: CEDIA is a newly developed method for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and has some merits such as easy application to routine chemical analyzers, rapid and precise quantitation even in low concentrations and less cross reactivity. We evaluated the CEDIA(epsilon) (Microgenics Co., CA, USA) in measurement of theophyllin, valproic acid and phenytoin levels using 502X(epsilon) (A & T, Tokyo, Japan) and compared the results to those of the TDx(epsilon) (Abbott Laboratories, IL, USA) in order to assess the utility of the CEDIA(epsilon). METHODS: We evaluated the performance of 502X(epsilon) in the aspects of the within-runs and the between-runs precision, linearity, and carry-over. We compared the results of the CEDIA(epsilon) reagent with those of TDx(epsilon). The control materials (Bio-Rad TDM control level 1 and level 3; Bio-Rad laboratories, CA, USA) and clinical specimens were used for these studies. RESULTS: The coefficients of variation (CV) for the within-run and the between-run imprecision of 502X(epsilon) were 2.0-7.6% and 4.0-6.5%, respectively. The carry-over rate for theophyllin, valproic acid and phenytoin was 1.33%, 0.45% and 0.53%, respectively. The linearity (r(2)) of theophyllin, valproic acid and phenytoin was 0.9941, 0.9983 and 0.9947, respectively. The correlation coefficients (r) of theophyllin, valproic acid and phenytoin levels of CEDIA(epsilon), with those determined by the TDx(epsilon), were 0.9730, 0.9703 and 0.9695, respectively (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The recentlydeveloped CEDIA(epsilon) proved to be highly precise and linear for quantitative analysis of theophyllin, phenytoin and valproic acid. Correlations with TDx(epsilon) were significantly high. CEDIA(epsilon) was thought to be clinically useful for TDM.
Drug Monitoring ; Phenytoin* ; Theophylline* ; Valproic Acid*

BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae is a worldwide problem. Although various resistance mechanisms have been recognized with increasing frequency, only a few cases of triple resistance of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae have been reported. This study was designed to evaluate the coexistence of qnr (qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS) and 16S rRNA methylase (armA, rmtA, rmtB, and rmtC) in ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae. METHODS: We tested 44 isolates of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae at Chungnam National University Hospital from March to September 2006. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were tested by broth microdilution method, and transconjugation test was performed using E. coli J53 with azide resistance. Search for qnr (qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS) and 16S rRNA methylase (armA, rmtA, rmtB, and rmtC) genes was conducted by PCR amplification, and the genotypes were determined by direct nucleotide sequence analysis of the amplified products. Epidemiologic study was performed by Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR (ERIC-PCR). RESULTS: All ESBL-positive strains produced qnrB; however, armA was detected in 68.2%. The coproduction rate of qnrB and armA in ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae was 68.2%. Two types (A and B) were dominant in ERIC-PCR results. CONCLUSIONS: K. pneumoniae producing qnrB, armA, and ESBL are spreading widely.
Bacterial Proteins/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics ; Humans ; Klebsiella Infections/microbiology ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Methyltransferases/biosynthesis/*genetics ; beta-Lactamases/biosynthesis/drug effects/*genetics

Roseomonas is a genus of pink-pigmented, oxidative, gram-negative coccobacilli and rarely causes opportunistic infection. We report a case of wound infection by Roseomonas species in a 53-yr-old man with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing was performed to confirm the infectious agent. The patient recovered without complication after ciprofloxacin treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of Roseomonas infection reported in Korea.
Ciprofloxacin ; Humans ; Korea* ; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic ; Methylobacteriaceae* ; Opportunistic Infections ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Wound Infection

BACKGROUND: Recently, a new automated inoculating instrument, Previ Isola(R) (bioMerieux, France) was introduced. Although there are many evaluation reports about the inoculation of urine and body fluid samples using Previ Isola(R), no evaluation has been reported for blood samples. The objectives of this study were to evaluate this instrument for the inoculation of blood samples and to compare the microbiological results with the manual loop-to-plate method. METHODS: From March 2014 to July 2014, a total of 296 non-duplicate blood samples showing positive signals on the BacT/Alert 3D system were obtained, and both manual and automated methods were used for sample inoculation. Results of the two methods were compared according to five aspects: the culture result, number of single colonies, morphology of colonies, number of re-inoculations, and time required for inoculation. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of Previ Isola(R) were 98.9% and 96.6%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 99.6% and 90.3%, respectively, and the total concordance rate was 98.6%. For Previ Isola(R) and the manual methods, the number of average usable single colonies per plate was 25 and 16, the number of re-inoculations was 60 and 62, and the inoculation time for 15 blood samples was 30 min and 75 min, respectively. The morphology of colonies showed no differences between the two methods. CONCLUSIONS: The automated inoculation instrument, Previ Isola(R), showed relative good concordance with manual method, with high sensitivity and high specificity for blood sample inoculation. Previ Isola(R) may be useful for inoculating specimens including blood samples.
Automation ; Body Fluids ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Sensitivity and Specificity