In order to assess the difference of healing of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) of the knee according to the treatment methods, in vivo animal experiment using a rabbit model was perfoimed. Thirty six MCLs in eighteen rabbits were surgically transected at the mid-portion and treatm nt was done with two different methods, e.g. immobilization wiih plaster cast in right knees (Group I ), and non-immohilization in left knees (Group 2 ). Five rabhits were used as normal controis. To evaluate the biomechanical property of the femur-MCL-tibia complex (FMTC) in time progression, tensile stress tests using material testing machine (Model 8511, Instron company, 1993) were done at 6, 10, l2 weeks postoperatively and the results were as follows. 1. The ultimate load and stiffness (structural property) of the FMTC increased with time in both groups, but group ][ showed significantly higher values than group I . 2. The material property of the MCL checked by stress-strain curve showed higher Young s modulus in group ][ than in group ] . As a results, joint motion seems to improve the biomechanical propeity of the healed MCL.
Animal Experimentation ; Casts, Surgical ; Collateral Ligaments* ; Exercise Test ; Immobilization* ; Joints ; Knee ; Ligaments* ; Rabbits*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Lymphocytes* ; Radiotherapy*

PURPOSE: Delirium in the elderly is common in the postoperative period but there are only few reports on detailed studies of this condition. Number of urologic patients with postoperative delirium was increas ed in our hospital for recent 24 months. The clinical characteristics of patients with postoperative delirium was analyzed retrospectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We selected the patients with postoperative delirium from 1010 patients who had undergone urological surgery under general or spinal anesthesia in the period from Jan. 1997 to Dec. 1999. Diagnosis of postoperative delirium was established with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DAM-III-R) by psychiatric clinicians. Onset and recovery of symptoms, risk factors, previous psychiatric clinicians. Onset and recovery of symptoms, risk factors, previous psychiatric disorder, relationship with anesthesia, drugs, and surgical procedures, concomittant medical conditions, and complications were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Postoperative delirium was observed in 13 patients (1.3%). All patients were male and mean age was 70.4 years (46-86 years). Surgical procedures included TURP(8 patients), cystectomy (3 patients), nephroureterectomy (1 patient), and bladder rupture repair (1 patient). Delirium became apparent between one day and two days after the operation (mean 32.2 hours) and lasted for up to 7 days (mean 53 hours). Several factors such as older age (>65 years), male patient, longterm medication, past history of CVA, memory impairment, hearing difficulty, traumatic brain contusion, and obsessive personality were thought to be risk factors of postoperative delirium. Treatment with Haloperidol(R) intramuscular injection (2.5-5mg, every 30 minutes, 2-4 times until symptom resolution was achieved) with or without Ativan(R) intravenous injection (2mg) were effective. Complete symptom recovery was seen in 92.3% (12/13) of patients. One patient (7.7%) with previous history of dementia had persistent memory disturbance and disorientation during follow-up periods. CONCLUSIONS: Generally, postoperative delirium is an acute transient confusional state without considerable sequeles. Treatment is sedation and prevention of inadvertent accident associated with confusional state. Urologic surgeon must be attentive to the development of this illness especially when high risk factors were present.
Aged ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Brain Injuries ; Cystectomy ; Delirium* ; Dementia ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hearing ; Humans ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Memory ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Rupture ; Urinary Bladder

The treatment of intra-articular fractures of distal radius is difficult and has various problems. Maximum recovery of wrist function is dependent on accurate and stable reduction of the radial articular surface. We analysed one hundred and five cases of intra-articular fracture of distal radius followed for more than 6 months at Yonsei University from January 1980 to September 1988 and studied the result according to the type of treatment. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The incidence was high in female who aged over 6th decade, and in male who is active aged. 2. The main cause of this injury was fall down(34.3%). 3. In a group of closed reduction and cast immobilization, the functional result was satisfactory in 45.4%. 4. In a group of closed reduction and percutaneous pinning, the functional result was satisfactory in 50%. 5. In a group of open reduction and internal fixation, the functional result was satisfactory in 83. 3%. 6. In a group of external fixation, the functional result was satisfactory in 33.3%. 7. Overall result was mainly correlated with initial severity of the injury and anatomical reduction of the intra-articular surface.
Clinical Study ; Female ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Incidence ; Intra-Articular Fractures ; Male ; Radius ; Wrist

Augumentation rhinoplasty using autogenous cranial bone graft (outer table) can be used more successfully than other methods. In patients with congenital or posttraumatic severe saddle nose deformity and lateral deviation, cranial bone graft is an excellent method of augumentation. The advantages of cranial bone graft compared with traditional method of bone graft are summarized as follows; 1. Easy to reach donor site 2. Abundance of material 3. Little pain and functional disability 4. Shorter hospitalization period 5. Inconspicuous donor scar 6. No secondary deformity of donor site 7.Appropriate curvature can be obtained by proper selection of donor site. With the above advantages, we conclude that augumentation rhinoplasty using split cranial bone graft is a good method in correction of congenital or posttraumatic deformity of nose.
Cicatrix ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Methods ; Nose ; Rhinoplasty* ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Chlorpromazine* ; Nicotine* ; Skin*

Hand injury in children was increased due to multiple environmental risks and failed attention of parents to children in rapidly developing society. By the results of this evaluation in 37 cases, it was summarized as follows. First, hand injuries in children most commonly occurs in spring, and occurs more commonly in the children at the age of high activity. The most common level of injury is zone I by microreplantation zone, and zone II by tendon injury zone. The more desirable results were obtained by full thickness skin graft and composite graft if it were possible. For the better functional results compare to adults, the methods and procedures must be constructed after more evaluation with more clinical cases. In the cases of pediatric hand injury, the most important fact is prevention of injury, with the close attention by parents, and the second is appropriate diagnosis and treatment for more functional results.
Adult ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Hand Injuries* ; Hand* ; Humans ; Parents ; Skin ; Tendon Injuries ; Transplants

We report 2 cases of midface defect reconstructed with latissimus dorsi myocutaneous free flap. In these cases, the main points to cover the defects were as follows: 1. For the contour of zygoma and maxilla, it was well preserved without bone graft which was not used for second stage reconstruction. In first case, for application of artificial eyes and in second case, for operation after full development. 2. For the drainage of paranasal sinuses, we made the nostril with skin graft, and it was well preserved without any complications during follow up. 3. It was sufficient to cover the defect with latissimus dorsi muscle well designed before surgery and thick enough to fill the defect. 4. In second case, the remained defect of palate and maxilla was not covered for the appropriate reconstructions after full development. In conclusions, we experienced two cases of midface defect reconstructed with latissimus dorsi myocutaneous free flap without any complication and with good results.
Drainage ; Eye, Artificial ; Follow-Up Studies ; Free Tissue Flaps* ; Maxilla ; Palate ; Paranasal Sinuses ; Skin ; Superficial Back Muscles* ; Transplants ; Zygoma

Horizontal Mattress Suture Technique on Microvascular Anastomosis of rat (body weight: 200-250 gm) femoral artery was evaluated. The present study was conducted to compare the horizontal mattress suture with simple interrupted suture on the suture time, patency rate of the sutured vessels, and the histological changes of surgical site of the vessel wall during wound healing period. The mean suture time of the vessel wall with horizontal mattress suture technique was 15 min 49 sec ± 2.14, which is significantly shorter than that of simple interrupted suture technique. The patency rate of the sutured vessel in both groups was statistically not different each other till post-operative 3rd day but patency rate of horizontal mattress suture was higher than that of simple interrupted suture at post-operative 3rd week. The histological findings such as intimal noss, medial degeneration and intimal regeneration were similar in both groups.
Animals ; Femoral Artery ; Rats ; Regeneration ; Suture Techniques* ; Sutures* ; Wound Healing