No abstract available.
Occupations*

BACKGROUND: Recent data suggest that the colonization rate of group B streptococci(GBS) in pregnant women and the incidence of neonatal infections by GBS is increasing trend in Korea, but the antimicrobial susceptibilities and serotypes in pregnant women have not been reported in Korea. So, we studied to define the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and frequency of serotypes of GBS in pregnant women. METHODS: The susceptibility and serotyping of 60 GBS isolates from 27 pregnant women and four isolates from their two neonates were tested by an agar dilution method and agglutination test, respectively. The typing sera used in this study were Ia, Ib, II, III, IV, and V. RESULTS: Minimal inhibitory concentration range of 60 GBS from pregnant women were penicillin G 0.015-0.12 microgram/ml, vancomycin 0.5-2 microgram/ml, clindamycin 0.015-4.0 microgram/ml, chloramphenicol 2-4 microgram/ml, erythromycin 0.015-2 microgram/ml, tetracycline 0.5-256 microgram/ml, cephalothin 0.12-0.25 microgram/ml, ceftriaxone 0.03-0.12 microgram/ml, respectively. The resistance rate of GBS were 6.7% to clindamycin, 0% to erythromycin, and 98.3% to tetracycline. Most of GBS serotypes from pregnant women in decreasing order were Ib(48.3%), Ia(24.1%), III(20.7%). CONCLUSION: All GBS strains isolated from pregnant women are highly susceptible to commonly used antimicrobial agents with the exception of tetracycline. The low prevalence of severe neonatal GBS infections in Korea is not due to the absence of serotype III, but probably due to a low genital carriage rate of GBS by pregnant women.
Agar ; Agglutination Tests ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Ceftriaxone ; Cephalothin ; Chloramphenicol ; Clindamycin ; Colon ; Erythromycin ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea ; Penicillin G ; Pregnant Women* ; Prevalence ; Serotyping ; Tetracycline ; Vancomycin

Enteric fistulae result from gastrointestinal perforations in which communication is established between the site of perforation and another hollow viscus, potential space, or skin surface. Certain types of enteric fistulae are difficult to demonstrate by conventional radiographic methods, and CT is unique in its ability to demonstrate the extent and nature of extraluminal changes. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the CT findings of enteric fistulae occurring in a variety of abdominal and pelvic organs.
Fistula* ; Skin

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a life-threatening, severe renal infection characterized by the presence of gas in the renal parenchyma or perirenal space. Bilateral involvement is rarely seen, with only 17 cases reported in the iterature. We herein report two cases of bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis. One is occurred subsequently in a patient with diabetic cystopathy, the other is developed simultaneously and shows bilaterally-communicated gas pattern on computerized tomography. The theories on pathogenesis of the disease are reviewed and the modes of disease progression in our patients are discussed.
Disease Progression ; Humans ; Pyelonephritis*

In Korean, there has been an increasing concern on rickettsiosis as a possile common cause of unknown febrile illness since Tsutsugamushi fever among koreans was reported first in 1986. We experienced 10 cases of Tsutsugamushi fever ocurring in the Mokpo area during the period of 3 months (Oct, to Dcc.) in 1990, which were diagnosed clinically and serologically by indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. The following results were obtained. The most frequent symptoms were fever (100%), headache (90%), chill (60%), conjunctival injection, and lymphadenopathy. Common laboratory findings were leukopenia (WBC<5000/mm3 30%), elevated ESR (>20mm/hr, 30%), positive CRP (60%), and elevated Alt/AST. Antibody titers against R. tsutsugamushi ranged from 1:80 to 1:1,280, but they showed no antibody reaction to Hantaan virus and leptospira. All patients showed good response to antibiotic therapy with chloramphenicol.
Chloramphenicol ; Fever ; Hantaan virus ; Headache ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Leptospira ; Leukopenia ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Scrub Typhus*

BACKGROUND: Bronchial asthma is characterized by noctunal dyspnea, cough and wheezing because of airway hyperresponsiveness to nonspecific stimuli. These symptoms and signs are also observed in patients with congestive heart failure. Therefore, this is so called "cardiac asthma". There are lots of experimental and clinical datas to suggest that airway dysfunctions occur in acute and chronic congestive heart failure. However, it is still controversial whether bronchial hyperresponsiveness is present in patients with congestive heart failure. To assess whether bronchial hyperresponsiveness is present in patients with congestive heart failure and to demonstrate the relationship between bronchial responsiveness and vascular pressure, we performed methacholine provocation test in 11 patients with mitral valvular heart disease. METHODS: All patients were in the New York Heart Association functional class II and treated continuously with digoxin and/or dichlozid and/or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor except one patient. All patients were undergone right and left side heart catheterization for hemodynamic measurements. A 20 percent fall of peak expiratory flow rate were considered as positive response to methacholine provocation test. RESULTS: 1) Only one patient who has normal pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, cardiac index was positive in methacholine provocation test. 2) Their mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were 21.72 +/- 9.70mmHg, 15.45 +/-8.69mmHg respectively which were significantly higher. CONCLUSION: It is speculated that in stable congestive heart failure patients, bronchial responsiveness as assessed by methacholine provocation test may not be increased.
Asthma ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Cough ; Digoxin ; Dyspnea ; Heart ; Heart Failure ; Heart Valve Diseases* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Methacholine Chloride ; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Wedge Pressure ; Respiratory Sounds

To minimize the period of brain ischemia and the potential for neurologic damage during aortic arch replacement, we used the arch-first technique. First case was a 28-year-old female with extensive aneurysm involving ascending, arch and descending thoracic aorta. Exposure was obtained via a bilateral via a bilateral thoracotomy (clamshell incision) in the anterior 4th right and 3rd left intercostal space with oblique sternotomy. To prepare for arch perfusion, the side-arm graft(10mm) was anastomosed to the aortic graft, opposite the site of the planned anastomosis to the arch vessels. After completing the arch anastomosis under total circulatory arrest(37min) and retrograde cerebral perfusion(12min), aortic graft was clamped on either side and the arch was perfused via side-arm graft for 36min. When distal aortic anastomosis was finished, distal clamp of aortic graft was released and arch vessels were perfused via common femoral artery, and the proximal aortic anastomosis was accomplished. The patient was discharged with no event. Second case was a 48-year-old male with extensive aneurysm involving ascending, arch, and aortic regurgitaiton(grade III/IV). This case was also done using the clamshell incision. Aortic valve replacement was done by valved-conduit(Vascutek 30mm), both coronary artery anastomosis using Cabrol's procedure. Last operation procedure was the same as the 1st case.
Adult ; Aneurysm* ; Aorta, Thoracic* ; Aortic Valve ; Brain Ischemia ; Coronary Vessels ; Female ; Femoral Artery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Perfusion ; Sternotomy ; Thoracotomy ; Transplants

The autoinfective filariform larva of Strongyloides stercoralis causes hyperinfection in immunosuppressed hosts. Here we report on the case of a male patient who was admitted to the emergency room at Gwangju Veterans Hospital with a complaint of dyspnea, and who was receiving corticosteroid therapy for asthma. Many slender larvae of S. stercoralis with a notched tail were detected in Papanicolaou stained sputum. They measured 269 +/- 21.2 micrometer in length and 11 +/- 0.6 micrometer in width. The esophagus extended nearly half of the body length. The larvae were identified putatively as autoinfective third-stage filariform larvae, and their presence was fatal. The autoinfective filariform larva of S. stercoralis has not been previously reported in Korea.
Aged ; Animals ; Fatal Outcome ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Larva ; Male ; Sputum ; Strongyloides/growth & development/*isolation & purification ; Strongyloidiasis/*etiology ; Superinfection/*parasitology

BACKGROUND: Aging is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and firmly established as a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. However the exact mechanism of age-related damage to the arterial wall and its relation to the atherosclerotic process are not well known.The endothelium plays an important role for the regulation of vascular tone and the endothelial function is impaired in the presence of risk factors early in the process of atherosclerosis. Assessment of endothelial function appears to be a valuable tool for the diagnosing and therapeutic monitoring of coronary artery disease. Anti-oxidants are known to improve endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis patients. The aim of this study was, (1) to evaluate the endothelial function in elderly, (2) to investigate whether vitamin C administration has benefit on the endothelial function in elderly. METHODS: The endothelial function was estimated using venous occlusion plethysmography(VOP) in 7 elderly and 7 young healthy volunteers. The strain guage was connected to plethysmograph to record the forearm volume change. A rapid cuff inflator was used to inflate the arm cuff to 40 mmHg instantaneuosly thus occluding venous return from the forearm. The measurement of forearm volume change was repeated for 7 times each stage. The change of the forearm blood flow(FBF) was measured with the acetylcholine infusion through brachial artery and also with intra-arterial vitamin C. RESULTS: Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation was significantly impaired in the elderly group compared to the young group(321 +/-17% in elderly group vs 509 +/-81%, mean+/-SEM) Forearm blood flow response to acetylcholine was significantly enhanced with inraarterial infusion of vitamin C in elderly group(321+/-17% in elderly group vs 78% in vitamin C) Coinfusion of L-NMMA, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, blunted forearm blood flow response to acetylcholine. CONCLUSIONS: Even though the mechanisms leading to drpressed endothelial function in elderly remains to be elucidated, our study shows that vitamin C result in demonstrable improvement by a mechanism that is probably related to antioxidant activity.
Acetylcholine ; Aged* ; Aging ; Arm ; Ascorbic Acid* ; Atherosclerosis ; Brachial Artery ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Endothelium ; Forearm ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; omega-N-Methylarginine ; Risk Factors ; Vasodilation* ; Vitamins*

The ultimate goal of a regenerative pulp treatment strategy is to reconstitute normal tissue continuum at the pulp-dentin border, regulating tissue-specific processes of reparative dentinogenesis. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of reparative dentinogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pulpal response after direct pulp capping and pulpotomy with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) by histological and immunohistochemical studies. There was continuous reparative dentin bridge formation at 2 weeks after treatment with MTA in both the pulp capping and the pulpotomy groups. The cells in the pulp capping group showed typical odontoblast characteristics, while the cells of reparative dentin in pulpotomy group were round in shape, lost their polarity, organized as a sheet of cells, and trapped in osteodentin-like mineralized tissue. In pulp capping group, upper layer of the reparative dentin showed cell lacunae indicating osteoblastic characteristics, whereas lower layer of the reparative dentin contained predentin and dentinal tubule-like structures as normal dentin. However, there was osteodentin formation in pulpotomy group. DSP protein was expressed at 4 weeks in odontoblasts of pulp capping group, while BSP was expressed at 4 weeks after pulpotomy. These results suggest that two different types of reparative dentin formation, dentin-like and bone-like dentin, may depend on the type and extent of the injury and the effect of the associated defense reaction on the structural and functional integrity at the dentin-pulp border.
Dental Pulp Capping* ; Dentin* ; Dentinogenesis ; Odontoblasts ; Osteoblasts ; Pulpotomy* ; Pemetrexed