PURPOSE: To determine whether neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (NADT) improves clinical outcomes in patients with prostate cancer treated with definitive radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 201 patients with prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy between January 1991 and December 2008. Of these, 156 patients with more than 3 years of follow-up were the subjects of this study. The median duration of follow-up was 91.2 months. NADT was given in 103 patients (66%) with median duration of 3.3 months (range, 1.0 to 7.7 months). Radiation dose was escalated gradually from 64 Gy to 81 Gy using intensity-modulated radiotherapy technique. RESULTS: Biochemical relapse-free survival (BCRFS) and overall survival (OS) of all patients were 72.6% and 90.7% at 5 years, respectively. BCRFS and OS of NADT group were 79.5% and 89.8% at 5 years and those of radiotherapy alone group were 58.8% and 92.3% at 5 years, respectively. Risk group (p = 0.010) and radiation dose > or =70 Gy (p = 0.017) affected BCRFS independently. NADT was a significant prognostic factor in univariate analysis, but not in multivariate analysis (p = 0.073). Radiation dose > or =70 Gy was only an independent factor for OS (p = 0.007; hazard ratio, 0.261; 95% confidence interval, 0.071-0.963). CONCLUSION: NADT prior to definitive radiotherapy did not result in significant benefit in terms of BCRFS and OS. NADT should not be performed routinely in the era of dose-escalated radiotherapy.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Radiotherapy* ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: It is one of anesthesiologist's important tasks to know the accurate recovery state of a patient after general anesthesia. Postanesthetic recovery score (PARS) has been widely used as a measure of evaluating recovery state because it is simple, easy to apply and applicapable to all situations. In this study, we investigated whether there were correlations between PARS and PAR-stay time, and examined factors influencing PAR-stay time. METHODS: Two hundreds and five patients were selected randomly. PARS was measured in each patient immediately after he or she arrived at PAR. Correlations between PARS and PAR-stay time were studied. And other variables such as age, sex, physical status, operation site and anesthetic time were studied as influencing factors on PAR-stay time. RESULTS: There were no significant correlations between PARS and PAR-stay time. PARS was influenced by the operation site only. And PAR-stay time was influenced by the patient's age only. CONCLUSIONS: In evaluating the postanesthetic recovery state, it seems to be important to consider not only PARS but also other factors such as patient's age.
Anesthesia, General ; Humans ; Recovery Room*

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Esophageal Atresia* ; Fistula* ; Humans

The sheaths of tendons are an uncommon site of tuberculous invclvement as compared to other parts of the body. But tuberculou, tenosynovitis occurs often enough to varrant particular attention and study. We report a case of tuberculous tenosynovitis occuring in a 49-year-old woman who had multiple yellowish palpable nodules and swellings distributed along the tencon of flexor digitorum superficialis on the left palm for 3 month. Histopathologic findings showed multip e tuberculoid granulomas in the mid-and deep-dermis. Eosinophilic homogenous trabeculated structure(remnants of tendon sheath resistant to necrosis) was present within the area of caseation. Acid-fast stain showed a crowd of acid-fast bacilli in the deep dermis. The cultures from the skin biopsy spec mens on Ogawa media(3% KH PO4) at 24C, 32C and 37C were all negative. She was treated with surgical excision of granulation tissue and involved tendon sheath followed by systemic administration of INH, RIF and ethambutol for 1 year. The lesions were markedly improved and showed no relaps, during last 5 months of follow up period.
Biopsy ; Dermis ; Eosinophils ; Ethambutol ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Granulation Tissue ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skin ; Tendons ; Tenosynovitis

No abstract available.
Down Syndrome*

Prenatal Ultrasonographic findings of meconium peritonitis show calcificalion, and abdominal echogenic masses such as pseudocyst. Also, we can find availability of 3 dimensional ultrasonography above these descriptions. We present a case of meconium peritonitis in uterus which was diagnosed by means of prenatal 2D & 3D ultrasonography with brief review of literatures.
Meconium* ; Peritonitis ; Ultrasonography ; Uterus

This study is intended to the diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility rate according to the input devices and the video signals, potential technical problems of the telepathology system and possible physical and psychological impacts. Web based in telepathology system had been developed and in use, but their functional capability and diagnostic accuracy are considered to be inferior to those of conventional optical microscope. We devised a telepathology system using our existing microscope equipped with CCD camera unit that has no restriction of network speed. Total 55 histopathologic cases from various organs were selected. Three pathologists are involved in making diagnoses. The resulting diagnostic accuracies were 1CCD camera with composite video signal was 86.2%, 3CCD camera with composite video signal was 93.1% and 3CCD camera with component video signal was 95.0%. The 3CCD camera with component video signal resulted 95.0% diagnostic accuracy and was superior to 1CCD and 3CCD camera with composite video signal. At this time of problems were not noted in the monitor quality.
Diagnosis ; Telepathology*

Kernicterus is a neurologic syndrome, resulting from the preferential deposition of unconjugated bilirubin in the globus pallidus, subthalamus, hippocampus, and brain stem. The characteristic finding of kernicterus revealed by T2-weighted MR imaging is irreversible, bilaterally symmetrical high signal intensities in the globus pallidus. We report an atypical case of kernicterus, in which follow-up MR imaging of the globus pallidus demonstrated reversible signal intensity.
Bilirubin ; Brain Stem ; Follow-Up Studies ; Globus Pallidus ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Kernicterus* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Subthalamus

There is too many pathological test compared to the number of pathology doctor in Korea. To solve this problem, there is a solution that establish more department of pathology, but it's not easy because of the amount of costs and other environmental constraints. In this circumstance, when special doctors whose fields are not pathology need external consulting, they go to pathology doctor and ask them personally. It wastes unexpectable time and cost. The improved system of these inefficient procedure in pathological consulting is "The Web Based Consultation System in Pathology". In this system, when a pathological consulting is needed, the doctors can send and receive the informations with web based platform. It's digitalized procedure of existing pathological consulting and made it possible to accomplish efficient consulting. Moreover the Pathology Database which generated in this system makes more systematic and continuous information administrate and practical use of that information.
Humans ; Korea ; Pathology*

PURPOSE: This study attempted to investigate the effects of supply of highly concentrated (30%) oxygen on human ability of visuospatial cognition using time course data analysis of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: To select an item set in the visuospatial performance test, two questionnaires with similar difficulty were developed through group testing. A group test was administered to 263 college students. Two types of questionnaire containing 20 questions were developed to measure the ability of visuospatial cognition. Eight college students (right-handed male, average age of 23.5 yrs) were examined for fMRI study. The experiment consisted of two runs of the visuospatial cognition testing, one with 21% level of oxygen and the other with 30% oxygen level. Each run consisted of 4 blocks, each containing control and visuospatial items. Functional brain images were taken from 3T MRI using the single-shot EPI method. Using the subtraction procedure, activated areas in the brain during visuospatial tasks were col-orcoded by t-score. To investigate the time course data in each activated area from brain images, 4 typical regions (cerebellum, occipital lobe, parietal lobe, and frontal lobe) were selected. RESULTS: The average accuracy was 50.63 +/-8.63 and 62.50 +/-9.64 for 21% and 30% oxygen respectively, and a statistically significant difference was found in the accuracy between the two types of oxygen (p<0.05). There were more activation areas observed at the cerebellum, occipital lobe, parietal lobe and frontal lobe with 30% oxygen administration. The rate of increase in the cerebellum, occipital lobe and parietal lobe was 17% and that of the frontal lobe, 50%. Especially, there were increase of intensity of BOLD signal at the parietal lobe with 30% oxygen administration. The increase rate of the left parietal lobe was 1.4% and that of the right parietal lobe, 1.7%. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that while performing visuospatial tasks, high concentrations of oxygen administration make oxygen administration sufficient, thus making neural network activate more, and the ability to perform visuospatial tasks increase.
Brain ; Cerebellum ; Cognition ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male ; Occipital Lobe ; Oxygen* ; Parietal Lobe ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Statistics as Topic*