Objective To explore the safety and effectiveness of diagnostic ultrasound associated with microbubbles to open the blood brain barrier(BBB).Methods Microbubbles were injected through caudal vein,the rat head was radiated by GE Vivid 7 diagnostic ultrasound immediately.The radiated depth was located in the basal ganglia assisted by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scanning.The degree of BBB opening was evaluated by enhanced MRI and Evans blue dyeing.The safety was inspected by observation of cell morphology under hematoxylin eosin(HE)staining.Results After the rat head radiated by diagnostic ultrasound with microbubbles,signal enhancement of the radiated area was observed on post contrast T1-weighted images.Red fluorescence of Evans blue was detected by fluorescence microscope in the same area.Normal cellular morphology and structural integrity were showed by HE staining.Conclusions The BBB of rat could be opened targetedly and noninvasively by diagnostic ultrasound associated with microbubbles.This may provide a new strategy for the drugs and stem cells treatment in the central nervous system diseases.

[Objective] To summarize image manifestations in intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) examined by multi-slice computed tomography enteroclysis (MSCT) and evaluate the diagnostic value of MSCTE in ITB,[Methods] The imaging findings were retrospectively analyzed in 15 cases of ITB that were confirmed by endoscopy or postoperative pathologic examination,including the location,number,shape,edge,surrounding tissue alterations of ITB and other associated changes in the peritoneum,mesentery and solid abdominal organs,and compared with endoscopy and pathology.[Results] In 15 patients,ileocecum was involved in 13 cases (87％),4 cases (27％) showed multi-segmental symmetric intestinal mural thickening,9 patients (60％) showed solid masses,1 case (7％) showed multi-segmental symmetric intestinal mural thickening and solid masses,1 case (7％) showed homogenous enhanced masses and perforation,12 cases (86％) showed enlarged lymph nodes (LNs) with rim enhancement,and 2 cases (13％) showed the comb sign of enhanced mesenteric vessels.Based on enhancement pattern of MSCTE,ITB was divided into three types:homogenous enhancement type (n=5);target sign type (n=2);caseous necrosis type (n=2).[Conclusion] The imaging features of ITB are diverse.MSCTE can clearly display the shape of intestinal mucosa,the alterations of intestinal wall and the relationship between lesion and adjacent tissues,which provides valuable information for the clinic diagnosis of ITB.

[Objective] To measure the diameter of the superior rectal vein (SRV) & theinferior mesenteric vein (IMV) by CT and analyze their relationship with lymphatic metastasis of rectal carcinoma.And to discuss the feasibility of utilizing SRV to prcdict lymph node metastasis of rectal cancer.[Methods] The CT imaging and pathological data of 105 rectal carcinoma patients were analyzed retrospectively.We measured and compared the diameter of every patient's SRV & IMV by CT in the presence and absence of microvascular tumor thrombus,signet ring cell,lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis.The accuracy of predicting lymph node metastasis for rectal carcinoma by the diameter of SRV were evaluated by ROC curve.[Results] There were statistical differences in the diameters of SRV and IMV between rectal cancer group with lymph node metastasis (D =4.34 mm,D =5.00 mm) and without (D =3.56 mm,D =4.81 mm;P ＜ 0.001,P =0.023).The differences were significant in the diameter of SRV between rectal cancer group with microvascular tumor thrombus or signet ring cell and without (P =0.019,P =0.044).However,the diameter of IMV showed no statistical difference between rectal cancer group with microvascular tumor thrombus or signet ring cell and without (P =0.605,P =0.663).And there was no statistical difference in the diameter of SRV or IMV between rectal cancer patients with distant metastasis and without (P ＞ 0.05).Regarding 3.75 mm as the cut-off value for the diameter of SRV to predict lymph node metastasis for rectal cancer patients,the sensitivity was 90.9％ and the specificity was 82.0％.Regarding 4.65 mm as the cut-off value for the diameter of IMV to predict lymph node metastasis for rectal cancer patients,the sensitivity was 87.3％ and the specificity was 38％.[Conclusions] It is completely feasible to utilize the diameter of SRV measured by CT to predict lymph node metastasis of rectal carcinoma with high sensitivity,accuracy,and relatively high specificity.

Objectives:To investigate the morphological characteristics of the lower cervical vertebrae in Chinese Han multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy(MCSM)patients and to compare it with European Caucasian MCSM patients.Methods:The MCSM patients who underwent expansive single open-door lamino-plasty(EOLP)between December 2016 and May 2022 at the Affliated Drum Tower Hospital,Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinique Du Parc,France were divided into two groups based on ethnicity.Group A consisted of 80 Chinese Han MCSM patients(42 males and 38 females,mean age 62.3±10.5 years),while group B consisted of 29 European Caucasian MCSM patients(15 males and 14 females,mean age 58.4±12.6 years).The lamina inner width(LIW)at hinge place,lamina outer width(LOW)at hinge place,lamina axis length(LAL)and lamina transverse angle(LTA)of the patients were measured on CT plain scan images before operation.Independent sample t-test was performed to compare the differences in C3-C7 imaging parameters between the two groups.Results:LIW and LOW decreased from C3 to C5,and increased from C5 to C7 in both groups.Group A was significantly smaller in LAL at each level than group B(C3:12.1mm vs 13.4mm;C4:12.5mm vs 13.5mm;C5:12.8mm vs 13.9mm;C6:13.1mm vs 14.4mm;C7:13.5mm vs 14.4mm),while larger in LIW(C3:2.8mm vs 2.4mm;C4:2.4mm vs 1.9mm;C5:2.2mm vs 1.7mm;C6:2.7mm vs 2.3mm;C7:4.1mm vs 3.7mm)with significant differences in C3-C6(P＜0.05).No significant differences were found in LOW and LTA between the two groups at each level(P＞0.05)Conclusions:In Chinese Han and European Caucasian MCSM patients,C5 is the thinnest lamina among the lower cervical vertebrae with the highest risk during grooving in EOLP,and the risk is theoretically higher in Chinese Han MCSM patients than that in Caucasian MCSM patients.

Objective To analyze the composition of the aqueous extract of Polygonatum Cyrtonema Hua(PCHE)and evaluate its antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo.Our aim is to provide a theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of Polygonatum Cyrtonema Hua.Methods(1)PCHE was prepared by aqueous extraction,and the chemical composition of PCHE was analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and phenol-sulfuric acid method.The inhibitory activity on tumor cells proliferation of PCHE was detected by CCK-8 assay.Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry,and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2 and Bax was detected by Western Blot.The inhibitory activity of PCHE-containing serum on cell proliferation was detected.(2)A B16 tumor-bearing mice model was constructed and model mice were randomly divided into the model group(saline),the positive drug group(CTX:50 mg·kg-1),and PCHE low-,medium-,and high-dose groups(55.9,111.8,223.6 mg·kg-1),and treated by gavage for 7 days.Changes in body weight and tumor volume of mice were observed during the treatment period.The mice were executed after the treatment,and the histopathological changes of heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney and tumor were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.The protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC).Results The polysaccharide content of PCHE reached(10.07±1.3)%,and the flavonoid content was(0.044±0.004)%,and thirty-nine components were detected by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS,which contained antitumor components such as flavonoids(baicalein,quercetin,luteolin and rutin),organic acids(ferulic acid)and polyphenols(gallic acid),etc.PCHE exhibited the inhibitory effects on Hela,A549,4T1,B16,MFC and HepG2 cells,among which the inhibitory effect on B16 cells was the most significant(P＜0.001),and PCHE induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase in B16 cells(P＜0.001).The results of double-staining flow cytometry and Western Blot showed that PCHE significantly promoted apoptosis of B16 cells,decreased the expression of Bcl-2,and promoted the expression of Bax(P＜0.01,P＜0.001).and PCHE constituents absorbed into blood also had an inhibitory effect on B16 cells(P＜0.001).In addition,the results of in vivo activity assay showed that different doses of PCHE could inhibit tumor growth,induce tumor cell necrosis,reduce Bcl-2 expression,and increase Bax expression compared with the model group.Conclusion The ingredients in PCHE are abundant.It contains a variety of antitumor active ingredients,which can inhibit tumor growth,induce tumor cell apoptosis,show strong anti-tumor effects and be worthy of in-depth study.

OBJECTIVE: To construct a multiple linear regression model of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) for estimating FEV1 in special populations unable to receive or uncooperative in pulmonary ventilation function tests. METHODS: The multiple linear regression model of FEV1 was constructed based on the data of 813 individuals undergoing pulmonary function tests in First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University between September, 2017 and September, 2019, and was validated using the data of another 94 individuals from the same hospital between January and July, 2020. FEV1 of the individuals was measured by pulmonary ventilation function test, and respiratory resistance (Rrs) was measured using forced oscillation technique (FOT). Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between the factors, and the model equation was established by multiple stepwise regression analysis. The calculated FEV1 based on the model was compared with the measured FEV1 among both the individuals included for modeling and validation. RESULTS: FEV1 was not significantly correlated with BMI ( CONCLUSIONS The multiple linear regression model for calculating FEV1 constructed in this study is suitable for clinical application.
Adult ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Lung ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Sex Factors

Lithium carbonate as a mood stabilizer ，is the first -line treatment for bipolar disorder （BD）. Due to the narrow treatment range and large individual respons e differences ，physiological and pathological states and drug interactions can affect its therapeutic effect ；as therapeutic drug monitoring （TDM），population pharmacokinetics （PPK）and pharmacogenomics play an increasingly important role in the individualized use of lithium carbonate ，how to optimize the individualized use of lithium carbonate more effectively has attracted much attention . This paper reviewed the latest research progress of TDM ，PPK and pharmacogenomics in the individualized treatment of lithium carbonate in recent years . Due to the influence of patients ’ pathophysiological status ，the target blood concentration range of lithium among different populations was slightly different . To ensure its efficacy and safety ，routine TDM was required . PPK studies conducted in different populations showed that the relevant predictors used to optimize lithium treatment included body mass ，lean body mass ，age and renal function ，etc. Pharmacogenomics research showed that the single nucleotide polymorphisms of FKBP5，ACP1，ADCY2 and other genes were related to the difference of patients ’treatment response . Therefore，on the basis of routine TDM for lithium carbonate ，the comprehensive evaluation combined with PPK and pharmacogenomics is of great significance for the individual treatment of lithium carbonate .

Objective To investigate the effect of Versican V0/V1 on biological behaviors of mouse dental papilla cells(mDPCs).Methods mDPCs were isolated from C57BL/6J mice at embryonic day 16.5(E16.5).A small interfering RNA(siRNA)constructed specifically for Versican V0/V1 was transfected into mDPCs.The silencing efficiency was verified by quantitative real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and immunofluorescence staining.The proliferation rate of mDPCs was determined using EdU assay;the migration ability of mDPCs was evaluated by scratch test and transwell assay.Alkaline phosphatase(ALP)staining and aliz-arin red staining were used to assess the mineralization capability of mDPCs.The molecules related to odontogenic differentiation and mineralization at mRNA levels were measured by qRT-PCR.Results After siRNA transfection,the mDPCs of si-Versican V0/V1 group showed weaker proliferation and migration abilities compared with si-NC group(P＜0.01).An enhanced ALP staining intensity,miner-alized nodule formation and up-regulations of the molecules related to odontogenic differentiation and mineralization at mRNA levels(P＜0.05)were observed in the mDPCs of si-Versican V0/V1 group.Conclusion Versican V0/V1 silencing inhibits the proliferation and migration of mDPCs,but enhances the abilities of odontogenic differentiation and mineralization.

Objective:To compare the results of invasive prenatal diagnosis and preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) and explore the underlying mechanism.Methods:Clinical data of pregnant women undergoing PGT and invasive prenatal diagnosis at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2019 to December 2022 were collected. The results of PGT and invasive prenatal diagnosis were compared, and the outcomes of pregnancies were followed up. This study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (No. 2022SLYEC-491).Results:A total of 172 couples were included in this study, and 26 non-targeted variants were discovered upon prenatal diagnosis, including 10 cases (38.5%) by chromosomal karyotyping, 15 (57.7%) by chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), and 1 (3.8%) by whole exome sequencing. The 10 karyotypic anomalies had included 6 chromosomal polymorphisms, 2 chromosomal mosaicisms, 1 paternally derived translocation, and 1 missed maternal chromosomal inversion. CMA has identified 15 copy number variations (CNVs), which included 11 microdeletions and microduplications, 3 loss of heterozygosity, and 1 low-level mosaicism of paternal uniparental disomy. One CNV was classified as pathogenic, and another one was likely pathogenic, whilst the remaining 13 were classified as variants of uncertain significance. Therefore, 8.7% of CNVs was detected by invasive prenatal diagnosis after PGT. 92.3% (24/26) of the non-targeted variants have been due to technological limitations of next-generation sequencing (NGS).Conclusion:Invasive prenatal diagnosis after PGT can detect non-targeted variants, which may further reduce the incidence of birth defects.

In recent years, the incidence of cancer in China has been increasing steadily. Advancing primary prevention measures for cancers could be an effective strategy to curb this trend. Diet has been considered a modifiable and shared risk factor for various cancers. Studying dietary patterns, with consideration of the interactions between foods and nutrients, has a practical implication for cancer prevention. This study provided an overview of dietary pattern extraction methods, summarized the research findings on the association between dietary patterns and cancers in the digestive system, respiratory system, and genitourinary system, and elucidated the potential mechanisms underlying these associations, in order to provide scientific references for future research in this field.