Objective To evaluate the ability of force control of elbow and shoulder during isometric contraction in patients with chronic stroke. Methods From January to December, 2015, 22 chronic stroke patients and 12 healthy people were measured the maximum force dur-ing shoulder abduction/adduction and elbow flexion/extension with instrument for measuring force of upper extremity. The coefficient of variation was calculated. Results The maximum force was less in the patients than in the healthy controls (t>2.349, P<0.05), and the coeffi-cient of variation increased (t>1.974, P<0.05), except those of elbow extension. Conclusion The force measure and the coefficient of varia-tion can reflect the force control in shoulder and elbow motion in stroke patients.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurological degenerative disease in the elderly people. The causes of PD are complicated, and its pathogenesis is still unknown. At present, it is generally believed that the occurrence of PD is related to multiple factors such as environment, genetics and age. microRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that are involved in regulating about one-third of genes in the human genome at post-transcription level. A large number of studies have shown that miRNAs play important roles in PD. This review discusses recent researches on miRNAs relevant to PD, and summarizes the specific expression of miRNAs in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of PD.

Objective:To study the metabolic effect in in-patients chronic schizophrenia receiving horticultural therapy.Methods:One hundred and ten in-patients with schizophrenia meeting the criteria and signed informed consent at the rehabilitation wards were included.The random-number methods were used to classify patients into either the intervention group or the control group.The two groups both received normal medications while the intervention group alsoreceived horticultural therapy.The body weight and waist circumference were recorded at baseline,6 and 12-week-follow-up.And fasting blood sugar,triglyceride values were tested at the baseline,4th,8th,and 12th week-session.Results:Fifty-two patients of each group finished the evaluation.Covariance analysis results showed that the average waist circumference was much shorter in the intervention group than in the control group at 12-week-follow-up (F =13.98,P ＜ 0.001).When divided into 3subgroups according to the different drugs,after repeated ANOVA,the average waist circumference of the intervention group became shorter after intervention (olanzapine F =3.62,P ＜ 0.05;risperitone,F =4.46,P ＜ 0.05;aripiprazole,F =4.14,P ＜ 0.05) no matter what the antipsychotics they took.Conclusion:It suggests that horticultural therapy could effectively narrow waist circumferences in hospitalized patients with chronic schizophrenia whatever the antipsychotics the patients take.

The application of structured education in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus showed significant effect. This paper introduced relevant content of structured education, the application status quo of structured education in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at home and abroad, aiming to provide reference for exploring health education models of patients with diabetes mellitus and reduce patients' complications, thus improving their quality of life.

Objective To explore the effect of the expressive psychotherapy on the feeling of inadequacy and loneliness of inpatients with chronic schizophrenia.MethodsTotally 120 chronic schizophrenia inpatients met recruited criteria were randomly divided into study group(n=60) and control group(n=60) according to random number table.57 patients in each group finished all the follow-ups finally.The patients in two groups were received normal medications while the patients in intervention group also attended expressive psychotherapy.All the patients were assessed at baseline,6 weeks and 12 weeks of treatment with the feeling of inadequacy scale (FIS) and the status and trait loneliness scale (STLS).Results(1) The FIS score(F=225.19,P<0.01),STLS total score(F=225.20,P<0.01),STLS status score(F=240.40,P<0.01) and STLS trait score(F=106.75,P<0.01) decreased significantly in both groups after intervention.(2) The FIS score of study group was much lower than those of control group at the at 6-week-follow-up(4.93±20.86,57.89±20.48,t=-2.250,P<0.01) and 12-week-follow-up(38.43±17.50,57.21±22.98,t=-4.900,P<0.01).(3) After 6 weeks treatment and 12 weeks treatment,STLS total score(6 weeks:(54.32±12.30) vs (68.46±15.53),t=-5.425,P<0.01,12 weeks:(44.16±10.81) vs (65.75±16.26),t=-8.386,P<0.01),STLS status score (6 weeks:(25.95±6.41) vs (34.31±7.91),t=-6.239,P<0.01,12 weeks:(19.15±5.49) vs (32.58±8.45),t=-10.103,P<0.01) and STLS trait score (6 weeks:(28.37±6.73) vs (34.15±8.45),t=-4.138,P<0.01,12 weeks:(25.00±6.18) vs (33.15±8.22),t=-6.019,P<0.01) in study group were lower than those in control group,and the difference was statistically significant.ConclusionExpressive psychotherapy can effectively improve the loneliness and inadequacy of patients with chronic schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE:To provide a reference for rational clinical application of Reduning injection. METHODS:The rele-vant information about the patients who sought treatment in our hospital in 2014 and used reduning injection were collected to make statistical analysis to the age,dosage,course of treatment,frequencies,etc. RESULTS:Among the above-mentioned patients,the number of males was more than that of females,children under 10 years old accounted for 36.10%,47.54%of patients received re-duning injection for a treatment course of over five days,and 14.99% of patients failed to wash the infusion tube before injection. CONCLUSIONS:Irrational clinical application of reduning injection exists. The administration and dosage should be standardized and the dosage for children under three years old as specified in the label be detailed to reduce and avoid the occurrence of adverse drug reaction so as to ensure the safety of drug use by patients.

Objective: To reclarify the natural change trend of several hormones with age in Chinese population. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was performed including 5 935 healthy individuals (2 286 males and 3 649 females) in the final statistical analysis. All participants received questionnaire survey, anthropometric index and laboratory tests including sex-related hormones, insulin, thyroid hormones, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. Kruskal-Wallis test or One-way ANOVA analysis was used to compare hormone levels in different age groups. Spearman analysis was used to explore the correlation between age and hormone levels. Results: (1) Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations increased with age from 40 years in both males and females, and stabilized at high levels after the age of 60 in females and 80 in males. Estradiol level in females started to decrease since 40 years old, then stabilized around 70 years. Sex hormone binding globulin level increased significantly with age in males, but decreased in postmenopausal females. (2) Fasting serum insulin gradually decreased with age in males until 60 years, but without obvious change in females. Fasting plasma glucose and HbA_1C increased with age in both males and females. (3) Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) increased slowly with age in both males and females. (4) 25(OH)D increased with age in both males and females overall, especially more obvious in males. (5) During 41-60 years, FSH and LH levels in menopausal females were much higher than those in premenopausal females, while estradiol level in menopausal females was much lower. Compared with premenopausal females aged 41-50 years, estradiol level in premenopausal females was much lower in 51-60 years. Conclusion The levels of several important hormones are related with age, revealing a natural change trend as aging in Chinese population. (Chin J Endocrinol Metab, 2018, 34: 555-562)

Objective:To explore the correlation between the semiquantitative score of bone ultrasound and the WOMAC OA index in knee osteoarthritis.Methods:From March 2017 to December 2018, 118 patients with knee osteoarthritis diagnosed and treated in Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected in the research.The patients' bone erosion, joint effusion, synovium hyperplasia and meniscus were evaluated by ultrasound semiquantitative scoring system.Osteoarthritis index of the patients was investigated at the same time.The correlation between the semiquantitative score of myoskeletal ultrasound and WOMAC OA index in knee osteoarthritis was analyzed.Results:In 118 patients with knee osteoarthritis, the semiquantitative scores of myoskeletal ultrasound of bone erosion was (2.33±0.37)points, joint effusion was (2.05±0.26)points, synovial hyperplasia was (2.24±0.15)points, abnormal meniscus position was (1.67±0.28)points, meniscus shape and signal was (1.15±0.14)points.The WOMAC OA index scores of patients' pain was (29.52±6.68)points, stiffness was (11.43±3.78)points, dysfunction was (93.85±18.73)points, and total score was (134.80±29.19)points.The scores of bone erosion, joint effusion, synovium hyperplasia and meniscus in semiquantitative score of muscle and bone ultrasound were positively correlated with the total score of WOMAC OA index( r=0.435, 0.317, 0.429, 0.294, 0.282, all P<0.05). Conclusion:Semiquantitative score of muscle and bone ultrasound can better reflect the degree of knee joint injury, which is positively correlated with WOMAC OA index.We can use the semiquantitative score of muscle and bone ultrasound and WOMAC OA index to predict the condition of patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Objective:To investigate the clinical significance of MRI dynamic enhancement in defining the upper edge of adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction.Methods:The clinical data of 73 patients with adenocarcinoma on the esophagogastric junction operated from Jul 2018 to Aug 2019 in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent MRI examination within one week before surgery. First, the T 2WI, diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic enhanced images of each patient were carefully observed to define the tumor location, size, shape, signal and enhancement mode, then the distances between the upper edge of the tumor and the cardiac incisure on MRI dynamic enhancement were measured independently, and compared with the measured distance in surgical fresh specimens. Results:The mean location of tumor upper edge measured in MRI of 73 patients was (1.75±1.98)cm, while measured in the surgical specimen was (1.72±1.97)cm. There was no significant difference between the two groups ( t=0.572, P=0.569). The intraclass correlation efficient between the two groups was excellent (ICC=0.974, 95% CI: 0.959-0.984, P<0.01). Conclusion:The measurement result of tumor upper edge in MRI is basically consistent with that of surgical specimens. MRI can be used to locate the tumor upper edge for adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction before operation.

Objective: To investigate the use of diabetes medications and their effects on the community diabetic patients in Shanghai, China, and provide the evidence for the use of antidiabetic drugs in diabetic patients in the region. Methods: The data were from a database of a 2018 Survey on Community Diabetes Mellitus in Shanghai, China. There were 4 612 subjects included in this cross-sectional study in 2018. According to the use of antidiabetic drugs, the population was divided into untreated group, single drug group, double drugs combination group and multi-drugs combination group, to compare the fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, BMI and prevalence of diabetic complications in different groups. Results: About 70.9% of the 4 612 patients used hypoglycemic agents, 34.8% used metformin, 35.1% used sulfonylureas, 22.9% used alpha glycosidase inhibitors, and 13.8% used insulin. The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, stroke, and diabetic foot was higher in the combination than in the untreated and single-drug users (P<0.01). Only 41.3% subjects had HbA_1C<7%. The fasting blood glucose and HbA_1C values were lower in the untreated group than in other three medication groups, and the rate of the HbA_1C reaching target in the untreated group was higher than the other medication groups (P<0.01). As the types of drug increased, HbA_1C was less likely to reach the target (P<0.01). There were 42.2% of patients with BMI<24 kg/m², and there was no significant difference in the proportion of BMI reaching target among the four groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The most common used antidiabetic drugs in diabetic patients in Shanghai are metformin, sulfonylureas, α-glycosides inbibitor, and insulin. The blood glucose control in diabetic patients in Shanghai community is not good enough. Patients with a longer duration of diabetes, a lower rate of HbA_1C at goal, and a higher prevalence of diabetic complications may be more prone to use multiple hypoglycemic drugs.