Proteins encoded by regions of difference (RD) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) constitute a potential source of specific antigens for vaccine development and immunodiagnosis .In the present study ,four genes named nrdF1 , pe_pgrs35 ,rv1985c ,and rv1986 from RD2 of MTB were cloned and overexpressed in E .coli with the induction of IPTG .Western blotting assay showed that these recombinant fusion proteins could well react with anti-His tag monoclonal antibody ,which in-dicated their good immunoreactivity .The serodiagnosis potential applications of these four proteins in bovine tuberculosis were further evaluated .An indirect ELISA assay was established by using fusion proteins as coating antigens for detection of their specific antibodies in bovine sera .The positive rates were 7 .35% in NrdF1 ,22 .06% in PE_PGRS35 ,16 .18% in Rv1985c and 16 .18% in Rv1986 respectively .All the results suggest that these fusion proteins have the potential application in serodiagnosis of bovine tuberculosis .

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and prognostic factors of radical hepatectomy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods The retrospective case-control study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 760 HCC patients who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from August 2003 to June 2015 were collected.Surgical procedures were determined according to the location,number and size of tumors and anatomical relations among vessels.Observation indicators included:(1)intra-and post-operative situations:surgical procedures,operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,cases of intraoperative blood transfusion,postoperative complications,duration of postoperative hospital stay and pathological examination;(2) follow-up:1-,3-,5-year overall and tumor-free survival situations;(3) prognostic factors analysis of HCC patients.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect patients' survival up to January 2016.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as-x±s.The survival curve and survival rate were respectively drawn and calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method.The univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were done using the COX regression model.Results (1) Intra-and post-operative situations:all the 760 patients underwent successful operations,including 419 undergoing anatomical hepatectomy and 341 undergoing non-anatomical hepatectomy.R0 and R1 resections were respectively applied to 742 and 18 patients.Two patients were combined with portal vein resection and reconstruction and 1 was combined with resection and reconstruction of inferior vena cava.Operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss and cases of intraoperative blood transfusion were (226± 115) minutes,(714±706) mL and 88,respectively.Fifty-five patients had postoperative complications,including 20 with abdominal effusion or abscess,16 with pleural effusion,9 with recurrent fever,8 with incisional infection,7 with intra-abdominal hemorrhage,6 with liver failure,3 with pyloric or intestinal obstruction and 2 with renal failure (some patients with multiple complications).Of the 55 patients with postoperative complications,7 with hemorrhage underwent reoperation or interventional therapy and other patients underwent conventional symptomatic treatment.Of 55 patients,5 patients died and other 50 patients were improved.Duration of postoperative hospital stay was (14±6) days.There were 457 patients with minimum margin of tumors ≤ 1.0 cm and 303 with minimum margin of tumors ＞ 1.0 cm.(2) Followup:all the 760 patients were followed up for 1-139 months,with a median time of 25 months.The overall and tumor-free median survival times were 59 months and 31 months,respectively.The 1-,3-,5-year overall and tumor-free survival rates were 81.7％,63.4％,47.9％ and 68.7％,44.9％,29.6％,respectively.(3) Prognostic factors analysis of HCC patients:results of univariate analysis showed that clinical symptoms,alpha-fetoprotein (AFP),Barcelona clinic liver cancer staging,surgical procedures,intraoperative blood transfusion,minimum margin of tumors,number and diameter of tumors,tumor capsule,tumor differentiation,vascular cancer embolus,macrovascular invasion and tumor staging of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) were related factors affecting prognosis of HCC patients after radical hepatectomy [HR =1.39,1.50,1.92,0.65,1.45,1.68,1.96,1.66,2.26,1.50,2.68,3.37,2.00,95％ confidence interval (CI):1.08-1.79,1.16-1.94,1.68-2.20,0.50-0.84,1.04-2.02,1.28-2.20,1.54-2.49,1.42-1.94,1.69-3.02,1.22-1.85,1.99-3.60,2.61-4.36,1.77-2.27,P＜0.05].Results of multivariate analysis showed that AFP,number and diameter of tumors,tumor differentiation and tumor staging of AJCC were independent factors affecting prognosis of HCC patients after radical hepatectomy (HR=1.61,1.62,1.31,1.40,1.78,95％CI:1.14-2.26,1.22-2.14,1.06-1.63,1.10-1.79,1.27-2.51,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The anatomical and non-anatomical hepatectomies are safe and feasible for optional HCC patients,with a good long-term outcome.AFP,number and diameter of tumors,tumor differentiation and tumor staging of AJCC are independent factors affecting prognosis of HCC patients after radical hepatectomy.

The treatment of hepatobiliary malignant tumor is characterized by the coexistence of multiple treatment methods and multiple disciplines. In order to evaluate the clinical efficacy of different treatment measures or multiple treatment combinations, and to promote the standardized development of comprehensive treatment patterns for hepatobiliary malignant tumor, the Hepatobiliary Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University constructs the registry and follow-up database in hepatobiliary tumor patients based on the information-based platform of the hospital, which will help guide clinicians to make scientific decisions and improve the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment. This study describes the framework design, function modules, data acquisition process and quality control of the database of hepatobiliary malignant tumor. Based on the observational bidirectional cohort study design, the previous clinical data can be sorted to match the current database, on the other hand, the clinical data can be prospectively collected including basic information, admission evaluation, surgical information and postoperative situation, comprehensive treatment measures, regular reexaminations and long-term follow-up, etc. The data quality control system can be improved by formulating standardized operation procedures, regularly personnel training and full-process data management plans. This database will provide high-quality real-world data for clinicians, researchers, and guideline experts, and then provide high-level medical evidence for the standardized development of comprehensive treatment patterns of hepatobiliary malignancies.

Tumor immunotherapy is a new therapy which developed in recent years, it has greatly changed the therapeutic schedules and brought new options for patients. However, not all patients can have obvious therapeutic effects after using immunotherapy. So selecting more suitable patients and raising immunotherapy effect are worthy to discuss. With the research of circular RNAs (circRNAs), circRNAs have been found that they not only play a significant role in the field of tumor markers, tumor progression and prognosis, but also can abnormally express in a variety of tumors and affect tumor immunity. Therefore, the circRNAs expression may not only can be used as a supplementary method for selecting patients, but also can be used to predict the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. In this article, we summarize current knowledge on circRNAs abnormally expressed in many cancers, especially lung cancer which can affect tumor immunity, and discuss its potential effects in tumor immunotherapy, and we hope to provide more references for the clinical practice of circRNAs.
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Biomarkers, Tumor ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Lung Neoplasms/therapy* ; Prognosis ; RNA, Circular

The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has dramatically changed the therapeutic outlook for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Preoperative neoadjuvant immunotherapy has been paid more and more attention as an effective and safe treatment. Neoadjuvant immune therapy, however, the relevant research started late, relatively few research results and mainly focused on the small sample size of phase I and II studies, treatment itself exists many places it is not clear, also in benefit population screening, the respect such as the choice of treatment and curative effect prediction has not yet reached broad consensus. This paper reviews the important studies and recent achievements related to neoadjuvant immunotherapy, aiming to comprehensively discuss the procedures and existing problems of this kind of therapy from three aspects of beneficiary groups, treatment cycle and efficacy prediction.
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Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ; Immunotherapy/methods* ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Neoadjuvant Therapy

Lithium carbonate as a mood stabilizer ，is the first -line treatment for bipolar disorder （BD）. Due to the narrow treatment range and large individual respons e differences ，physiological and pathological states and drug interactions can affect its therapeutic effect ；as therapeutic drug monitoring （TDM），population pharmacokinetics （PPK）and pharmacogenomics play an increasingly important role in the individualized use of lithium carbonate ，how to optimize the individualized use of lithium carbonate more effectively has attracted much attention . This paper reviewed the latest research progress of TDM ，PPK and pharmacogenomics in the individualized treatment of lithium carbonate in recent years . Due to the influence of patients ’ pathophysiological status ，the target blood concentration range of lithium among different populations was slightly different . To ensure its efficacy and safety ，routine TDM was required . PPK studies conducted in different populations showed that the relevant predictors used to optimize lithium treatment included body mass ，lean body mass ，age and renal function ，etc. Pharmacogenomics research showed that the single nucleotide polymorphisms of FKBP5，ACP1，ADCY2 and other genes were related to the difference of patients ’treatment response . Therefore，on the basis of routine TDM for lithium carbonate ，the comprehensive evaluation combined with PPK and pharmacogenomics is of great significance for the individual treatment of lithium carbonate .

In recent years, due to precise control of the amorphous mineral precursor in the demineralization of dentine collagen fibers in orderly deposition, forming apatite crystals similar to the natural mineralized dentin, the bottom-up remineralization approach which does not depend on the existence of seed crystallites, dentin biomimetic mineralization techniques gradually become a hotspot in the research field of restoration of demineralized dentin caused by dental caries. This paper reviews the changing concepts and practices of the remineralization of demineralized dentin, emphasizing biomimetic remineralization studies. The results of the literature review show that the traditional dentin remineralization method is usually a disordered mixture of demineralized dentin and minerals, so mineralized dentin is not comparable to natural mineralized dentin in terms of the morphological characteristics and mechanical properties. With its gradual increase in recent years, dentine biomimetic mineralization technology perfectly resembles the minerals in the dentin overlapping sequence arranged with the dentine collagen fiber structure characteristics, leading to greatly improved microstructural, physical and chemical properties. As a result, dentine biomimetic mineralization technology is expected to achieve new breakthroughs in the fields of resin-dentin bonding mixing layers and the decay of dentin. At present, the technical obstacles that need to be overcome in the clinical application of the biomimetic remineralization of dentin are how to continuously supplement all the active ingredients needed for mineralization in the process of remineralization and how to keep the mechanical properties of the parent material unchanged while slowly releasing all ingredients. Researchers have successively proposed three-step transportation of the biomimetic remineralization of raw materials, as well as the preparation of mineralization precursors stabilized by polymers in advance and the reuse of mesoporous silicon nanomaterials for the transportation of the mineralized ingredient system. The concept described above provides the preliminary in vitro experimental basis for the transformation of the biomimetic remineralization strategy of dentin in clinical applications.