Objective:To investigate possible neuromodulatory mechanisms involved in the involvement of parvalbu-min(PV)expression in the basal ganglia output nuclei,entopeduncular nucleus(EPN)and substantia nigra pars etic-ulata(SNr),in exercise-induced chronic fatigue impairs working memory capacity.Methods:Male SD rats were divid-ed into control group and Fatigue group by random number method,and a three-stage incremental load treadmill training program was selected to establish a chronic exhaustion exercise-induced fatigue rat model.The working memory ability of rats was assessed by the Y-maze autonomous alternation experiment.Immunohistochemical staining was used to ob-serve the expression of parvalbumin(PV)positive neurons and cysteine aspartate-specific protease-3(caspase-3)in EPN and SNr of rats.Results:The accuracy of voluntary alternation in the fatigue group was obviously lower than that in control group(P＜0.05).The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that the density of PV positive neu-rons and the degree of positive fiber staining in EPN and SNr in the fatigue group were obviously lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The number of caspase-3 positive cells per unit area of EPN and SNr in the fa-tigue group was obviously higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion:The mechanism of impairing working memory in rats caused by exercise-induced chronic fatigue may be related to the apoptosis of PV posi-tive neurons in EPN and SNr.

AIM:To explore the intensity-dependent effects of exercises to alleviate fear memory generaliza-tion in post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)and the underlying mechanism.METHODS:Male C57 BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the control group,PTSD group,high-intensity exercise(PTSD-High)group,and low-intensity exer-cise(PTSD-Low)group.PTSD model were created via using a combination of conditioned foot shock(CF)and single-pro-longed stress(SPS).The contextual fear test was used to test the mice's ability to discriminate safety situations from fear condition.Immunofluorescence observed and quantified the newborn immature neurons in the DG area of the mice's hippo-campus.ELISA was used to determine the secretion level of serum tissue adiponectin.RESULTS:(1)The immobility times for the PTSD-High and Control groups were significantly lower than those of the PTSD group.(2)Immunofluores-cence analysis showed that the cell density,dendritic branching points and length of newborn immature neurons were ele-vated in High and Low groups compared to the PTSD group.(3)Adiponectin levels in the serum of the control and PTSD-High group were significantly higher than those in the PTSD group and PTSD-Low group.CONCLUSION:Fear memory establishment in PTSD mice is associated with decreased hippocampal neurogenesis.High-intensity exercise ameliorated fear memory by enhancing adiponectin secretion and promoting hippocampal neurogenesis.High-intensity exercise exerted better improvement of brain functions to PTSD model.

Objective To investigate the effect of parent-child alienation on depression in surface ship officers and soldiers based on the theory of"diathesis-stress",and the mediating role of resilience between parent-child alienation and depression in them.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 599 officers and soldiers from a surface ship unit.The participants were surveyed with inventory of alienation toward parents,connor-davidson resilience scale and patient health questionnaire-9 to obtain and analyze their demographic-military characteristics of their depression scores.The participants with depression scores ≥5 were recruited as the subjects,and Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation among parent-child alienation,resilience and depression.On the basis of hierarchical regression analysis,AMOS software was used to establish a structural equation modelling of intermediary effects.Results The depression score was 1(0,4)in the participants,and the depression scores of those with service length ≥11 years were comparatively higher than those with shorter length.Our results indicated that parent-child alienation was positive correlated with depression(r=0.451,P＜0.001),while resilience was negatively correlated with depression and parent-child alienation(r=-0.412,-0.407,P＜0.001).Regression analysis revealed that parent-child alienation had a direct positive predictive value for depression(β=0.574,P＜0.001),and resilience showed a negative predictive value for depression(β=-0.211,P＜0.01).Model analysis displayed that resilience had a significant mediating role in the effect of parent-child alienation on depression among these surface ship officers and soldiers,with an effect value of 0.088,and accounting for 15.86％of the total effect.Conclusion Parent-child alienation has a significant influence on depression among surface ship officers and soldiers,with resilience playing a partial mediating role.

Objective To explore the current status of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)symptoms among military officers at high altitude,determine the effects of childhood trauma experiences on the symptoms,and investigate the role of parent-child alienation in the process.Methods A cross-section study was conducted on 238 male military officers at high altitude subjected with cluster sampling.All of them were surveyed with childhood trauma question(CTQ),inventor of alienation toward parents(IAP),and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist(PCL-C)in October 2021.Then the mediating effect of parent-child alienation on childhood trauma and PTSD symptoms was investigated.Results ①The prevalence of PTSD-positive symptoms was 8.5％among the military officers at high altitude.②The prevalence of PTSD-positive symptoms was 15.6％for the military officers with childhood trauma,which was significantly higher than that of those without childhood trauma(5.1％,Chi-square=7.27,P＜0.01).③ PTSD symptoms,childhood trauma experiences and parent-child alienation were significantly positively correlated with each other(r=0.35～0.76,P＜0.01).④ Both childhood physical abuse(β=1.05,P＜0.001)and parent-child alienation(β=0.39,P＜0.01)could positively predict the severity of PTSD symptoms for them.⑤Parent-child alienation played a partial mediating role in the association between physical abuse and PTSD symptoms(β=1.16,95％CI:0.54～1.75).Conclusion Military officers at high altitude with childhood trauma have a higher prevalence of PTSD-positive symptoms and more severe symptoms.Childhood physical abuse can not only directly affect PTSD symptoms,but also indirectly affect its severity through parent-child alienation.