Oxidative damage theory is currently one of the predominant theories on the mechanisms of aging. Previous research has shown that antioxidants can extend the lifespan in the model organism by scavenging free radicals,inducing the expression of stress related genes and hormesis. However, recent studies have suggested that these pharmaceuticals may cause serious side effects,such as promoting oxidation,increasing the risk of cancer,and destroying the metabolic balance. The low absorption and targeting property also limit the efficiency of most antioxidants. As a result ,the correlation between antioxidants and lifespan extension remains to be demonstrated. We reviewed the research progress in the field of lifespan extension by antioxidants in recent years and provided references for future research in related areas.

AIM:To study the effect of centromere protein W ( CENP-W) down-regulation on human glioma U87 cells.METHODS:Small interfering RNA ( siRNA) was used to inhibit the expression of CENP-W in the U87 cells. The interference effect of siRNA was evaluated by RT-qPCR and Western blot .The proliferation of the cells was analyzed by MTT assay , BrdU staining and colony formation experiment .Transwell chamber assay was used to detect the invasion a-bility of the cells .The cell migration ability was measured by a scratch test .The changes of the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry .RESULTS:The results of MTT assay , colony formation experiment and BrdU staining showed that the cell proliferation and colony formation abilities in experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group and negative control group .The results of Transwell and scratch experiments showed that the migra-tion and invasion abilities in experimental group were weaker than those in blank control group and negative control group . The results of flow cytometry analysis showed that the cell cycle distribution in experimental group was arrested in G 0/G1 phase .The percentage of apoptotic cells in experimental group was higher than that in control group ( P<0.05 ) .CON-CLUSION:Down-regulation of CENP-W expression inhibits the proliferation , migration and invasion of human glioma cells and promotes the apoptosis of the cells , suggesting that CENP-W may be a potential target of gene therapy for human glioma.

Objective:To investigate the induction of tanshinoneⅡA (TanⅡA) on the differentiation of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPDMSCs) into cardiomyocytes, and to provide an experimental basis for TanⅡA as a cardiomyocyte differentiation inducer.Methods:The hPDMSCs were treated with different concentrations of TanⅡA (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, and 10.0mg·L-1) , and the nontoxic dose of TanⅡA (0.1mg·L-1) was screened by MTT assay for experiment.The hPDMSCs were divided into control group, 5-aza induction (10μmol·L-1) group, and TanⅡA induction (0.1mg·L-1) group.After culture for 20d, the expressions ofα-sarcomeric actin (α-SCA) in the cells in various groups were detected with immunohistochemistry;the positive expression rates of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in the cells in various groups were detected with immunofluorescence, and the differentation rates of cardiomyocytes were calculated.The expression levels of GATA-binding protein 4 (GATA4) , atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) , cTnI, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) andβ-catenin in the cells were detected with Western blotting method.Results:The biological characteristics of hPDMSCs accorded with the mesenchymal stem cells.The MTT results showed that when the concentration of TanⅡA was more than 0.1mg·L-1, the cell survival rates were decreased with the increase of concentration;the cells in control group showed a rapid growth trend before 12d, and the proliferation activities of the cells began to decrease on the 12th day.Compared with control group, the cell activities in 5-aza induction group and TanⅡA induction group were significantly decreased (P＜0.05) .The immunohistochemistry staining results showed that the cells in control group didn't expressα-SCA, and the cells in 5-aza induction group and TanⅡA induction group expressedα-SCA, especially in TanⅡA induction group.Compared with control group, the expression levels of GATA4 (t5-aza=2.937, P5-aza＜0.05;tTanⅡA=4.769, PTanⅡA＜0.05) , ANF (t5-aza=3.728, P5-aza＜0.05;tTanⅡA=5.912, PTanⅡA＜0.05) , cTnI (t5-aza=3.623, P5-aza＜0.05;tTanⅡA=7.153, PTanⅡA＜0.05) and GSK-3β (t5-aza=2.995, P5-aza＜0.05;tTanⅡA=5.420, PTanⅡA＜0.05) proteins in the cells in 5-aza induction group and TanⅡA induction group were significantly increased, and the expression levels ofβ-catenin (t5-aza=2.985, P5-aza＜0.05;tTanⅡA=6.951, PTanⅡA＜0.05) protein were significantly decreased;compared with 5-aza induction group, the expression levels of GATA4, ANF, and GSK-3βproteins in TanⅡA induction group were increased (P＜0.05) .Conclusion:TanⅡA can induce the differentiation of hPDMSCs into cardiomyocytes, which has better effect than 5-aza, and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Objective To study the effect of exsomes in SH-SY5Y cells after hypoxic ischemia/reperfusion injury.Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cell hypoxic ischemia/reperfusion (HUVEC I/R) injury models were established,and the exosomes derived from HUVEC I/R were extracted and identified.SH-SY5Y cell hypoxic ischemia/reperfusion injury models (SH-SY5Y I/R) were established,and cells from SH-SY5Y I/R were divided into control group and exosomes-treatedgroup.The proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells was evaluated by CCK-8 assay 24,48and 72 h after cell inoculation.Transwell assay and wound-healing assay were used to examine the invasion and migration.Hochest33258 staining and Flow cytometry were used to monitor the changes of cell cycle and apoptosis.Expressions of Caspase-3,Bax and Bcl-2 were measured by real-time fluorescence quantificative-PCR and Western blotting.Results As compared with those in the control group,the proliferation abilities of SH-SY5Y cells in exosomes-treated group were significantly promoted (48 h:0.70±0.05 vs.0.94±0.08;72 h:0.83±0.05 vs.1.02±0.06),the cell cycle rate of S phase was significantly increased (14.39％±4.11％ vs.20.54％±3.46％),and G0/G1 phase was statistically decreased (71.26％± 5.24％ vs.66.87％±4.23％,P＜0.05).What's more,cell invasive was significantly promoted (44.00±6.56 vs.70.67±6.11),and relative wound injury area was significantly reduced in the exosomes treated group (0.61±0.07 vs.0.52±0.10);significant differences were noted between the two groups (P＜0.05).The mRNA expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 were significantly decreased and the mRNA expressions of Bcl-2 was significantly increased in the exosomes-treated group as compared with those in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion HUVEC I/R-derived exosomes play neuro-protective role in human SH-SY5Y cells after hypoxic I/R injury.

The clinical characteristics, laboratory results, response to treatment, and prognosis of 46 macrofocal multiple myeloma(MFMM) patients at our center from January 2013 to December 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The other 92 patients were selected as matched-controls based on diagnostic period and treatment. Among the 1 137 MM patients, 46 patients met the definition criteria of MFMM (4.0%), with median age 56 years, which was not statistically different from whole MM population ( P=0.066). According to the international staging system (ISS) and Revised ISS, the proportion of patients with advanced stage in MFMM group was less common than that of controls ( P<0.05). More plasmacytomas in MFMM patients were presented (43.5% vs. 18.5%, P<0.05). Regarding cytogenetic abnormalities, there were minor patients manifesting high-risk features in MFMM group (15.8% vs. 32.2%, P=0.058). Translocation(11;14) could be detected in 32.4% MFMM patients and 9.4% typical myeloma patients ( P<0.05). The treatment regimens were comparable. As to the best response of treatment, the complete response (CR) rate in MFMM group was significantly higher than that of controls (78.3% vs. 60.9%, P<0.05). The median follow-up time was 37.9 months. The median progression-free survival in MFMM and control groups were 77.5 vs. 39.8 months, respectively ( P<0.05). The overall survival (OS) of MFMM patients was significantly longer (not reached vs. 68.2 months, P<0.05).

Humans ; Prognosis ; Multiple Myeloma/diagnosis* ; Neoplasm Staging ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Patients ; Retrospective Studies