Objective To assess the effect and feasibility of group reminiscence therapy on depression in the elderly.Methods We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (-2013),Medline (1982-2013),Embase (1974 2013),AMED (-2013),CINAHL(-2013),CMB (1994-2013),VIP,CNKI and Wanfang to collect the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which the group reminiscence therapy was used to treat depression in elderly patients.The studies were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria by two reviewers,and the quality of included studies was evaluated according to Cochrane Handbook and performed meta analyses by using the Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.2 software.Results A total of 10 RCTs involving 944 patients were included.The results of meta-analysis showed that as compared with conventional treatment,group reminiscence therapy on the basis of conventional treatment was more effective in decreasing depression score [MD=-4.86,95 ％ C I(-5.10,-4.65)].Compared with psychological counseling,group reminiscence therapy had more effect on decreasing depression score [MD=-9.34,95％ CI (-10.77,-7.91)].There was no significant difference in the dropout rate between group reminiscence therapy and other control treatments [RR=1.22,95％ CI (0.79-1.88)].The descriptive analysis showed that group reminiscence therapy was effective in alleviating the symptoms of depression.Conclusions Group reminiscence therapy can improve the symptoms of depression in elderly patients and conforms to the principle of economic benefit.However,the results should be interpreted with caution because of the low quality of the included studies.

Objective: To understand the changes of smoking behavior among primary and middle school students in Beijing during 2005-2015. Methods: The primary and middle schools in Beijing were classified and then taken as a sampling frame. Twophase stratified random cluster sampling was conducted with school as primary sampling unit (PSU) and class as the minimum sampling unit, respectively. Beijing Schoolbased Smoking Monitoring Questionnaire was surveyed in 2005 and 2005, 2010, 2011, 2013 and 2015 anonymously. Results: In 2015, the smoking rate among primary and middle school students in Beijing was 9.41%. Among them, for primary, junior, high school and vocational high school students, the rates were 7.05%, 7.06%, 12.41% and 34.11%, respectively. The smoking rates were now 3.26%, with 1.99%, 1.80%, 3.48% and 20.22%, respectively, among primary, middle and high school and vocational high school students. male, vocational school students were more likely to report smoking across six waves of surveillance. Results from the surveillance in 2015 showed a decreasing trend in ever smoking rate and current smoking rate compared with previous survey. About half of the current student smokers were reported to take 1 cigarette/day, and about 10% smokers were reported to take 10 cigarettes/day. Students were most likely to smoke at home(24.02%), followed by smoking at schools(12.74%). The percentage of buying cigarettes by themselves was increased from 17.10% in 2008 to 66.09% in 2015. Conclusion From 2005 to 2015, both ever smoking and current smoking rate among middle school students in Beijing decreased in general, however smoking among vocational high school students warrants further attention.

[Objective]To analyze the chemical components of the compound essential oil for mosquito repellent,which was composed of Menthae haplocalyx Briq.,Spirodela polyrrhiza(L.)Schleid,Acorus tatarinowii Schott and Rosmarinus offiicinalis L.,and to evaluate its repellent effect.[Methods]The chemical components of the compound mosquito repellent essential oil were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS),and the repellent activity of the essential oil against adult Aedes albopictus was evaluated according to the"Efficacy Test and Evaluation of Space Repellent Products(Y-tube Method)".[Results]Fifty-eight main volatile components were identified,accounting for 98.28％of the total components of essential oil,eighteen terpenes(44.99％),nine alkenes(20.27％),five esters(14.07％),eight aromatic hydrocarbons(12.00％),seven alkanes(3.48％),nine alcohols(2.78％),two ketones(0.69％).The percent repellency(PR)of the compound mosquito repellent essential oil against Aedes albopictus was more than 90％on average.[Conclusion]There were many chemical components in the compound mosquito repellent essential oil.There may be a variety of chemical components such as menthol,menthone,α-pinene,etc,which had a repellent effect on Aedes albopictus,and the average repellent effect reached the A level.

Objective: To understand the prevalence of infectious diseases in schools in Beijing in 2010-2017 academic years, and to provide the reference for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in schools. Methods: Based in Disease Surveillance Information System, students aged 6-22 years were selected in 2010-2017 academic year into this descriptive analysis, and the legal infectious diseases and the intensively monitored diseases of surveillance system in Beijing were included. Results: From 2010 to 2017 academic years, the incidence rate of notifiable and certain monitored infectious diseases declined from 1 213.48/100 000 to 749.30/100 000, the incidence rate of notifiable infectious diseases declined from 718.19/100 000 to 523.50/100 000. There was no report of category A. The top 4 infectious diseases of category B were scarlet fever(80.13/100 000), bacillary dysentery(74.42/100 000), tuberculosis(22.70/100 000) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)(4.03/100 000). The top 4 diseases of category C were other infectious diarrhea(157.62/100 000), hand foot and mouth disease(100.55/100 000), influenza(51.39/100 000)and mumps(49.47/100 000). The other particular monitored infectious disease was mainly chicken pox(296.04/100 000). The prevalence of AIDS and influenza increased significantly in recent years. The main infectious diseases in primary and junior school students were scarlet fever, hand foot and mouth disease, influenza, and in high school and college students were AID, tuberculosis and viral hepatitis. Conclusion In the 2010-2017 academic year , the number and incidence of notifiable infectious diseases and particular monitored infectious diseases among students in Beijing showed an overall downward trend. The main diseases among students in Beijing are scarlet fever, bacillary dysentery, infectious diarrhea and chicken pox. Prevention and control of AIDS, tuberculosis and viral hepatitis in high school and college students should be paid special attention.

Objective To identify the electrophysiological charateristics and cause of ridge gap related reentry after MI ablation in atrial ifbrillation patients. Methods Activation and entrainment mapping was performed in 82 redo cases for OAT recurrence in whom MI was ablated during the index produre. Once ridge gap related reentry was conifrmed, detailed mapping was performed in MI and ridge region. In addition, in 36 cases undergoing MI ablation and fulfilling criterion for bidirectional block, differential pacing was repeated at the ridge to identify a ridge gap. Results Out of 82 redo cases for OAT recurrence in whom MI was ablated during the index produre, 7 (8.5%) was found to be ridge gap related reentry. TCL was (247.9±19.2) ms, and the left atrial endocardial activation time was (145.4±17.7) ms, accounting for (58.5±3.2)%of TCL. However, wide double potential was recorded along the previous ablated MI line where PPI was (34.3±6.6) ms longer than TCL, while PPI was signiifcantly shorter at the ridge[PPI-TCL (11.4±3.9) ms, P<0.001]. Tachycardia was terminated at the ridge in 6 cases and at the corresponding site in coronary sinus in 1 case. No recurrence was found during follow-up for (11.1±4.5) months. In addition, in 36 patients undergoing MI ablation in whom criterion of bi-directional block was fuliflled, conduction gap located at the ridge was found in 5 (13.9%) cases. Conclusions MI ridge gap related reentry is a distinctive OAT, in which the ridge was used as the critical isthmus, whereas the previous ablated MI line is not part of the reentry. MI pseudo-block due to the ridge gap may lead to this type of recurrent tachycardia.

Objective Identify the mechanism of induced atrial arrhythmias after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in patients with paroxysmal atrial ifbrillation(PAF), and investigate its long-term prognosis. Methods All patients with PAF undergoing PVI and induction test afterwards between Feburary 2010 and October 2010 were included. The induction protocol was rapid pacing initiated at cycle length of 250 ms with progressive shortening in a decrement of 10 ms down to 180 ms or refractoriness. Isoproterenol of 2-4μg/min was administrated as well. Inducibility was deifned as induction of atrial arrhythmia lasting >1 min. The mechanism of induced tachycardia was identiifed by activation mapping and entrainment mapping under the guidance of CARTO system. All patients were followed up by 36 months. Results Forty-nine atrial tachycardia were induced in 39 (19.7%) patients, including 35 organized atrial tachycardia (OAT) and 14 atrial ifbrillation (AF). The LA diameter was signiifcantly larger in inducible group than non-inducible group (39.5±6.6 mm vs. 36.7±5.2 mm, P=0.004). Macroreentry was the most common mechanism in induced OATs (28, 80.0%), and mitral isthmus was the most common critical site (20, 40.8%), followed by cavo-tricuspid isthmus (12, 24.5%), PV (6, 12.2%), LA septum (4, 8.2%), superior vena cava (3, 6.1%) and LA roof (1, 2.0%). Conclusions The most common mechanism of induced tachycardia by IV isoproterenol and rapid pacing is MI and CTI dependent after PVI in PAF patients, which can be succssefully eliminated by liner ablation, not increasing long-term recurrence rate.

Objective To investigate ablation characteristics of PVC/VT originating from left ventricle anterior papillary muscles.Methods This study included 10 patients of PVC/VT originating from left ventricle anterior papillary muscles from January 2015 to June 2016 in Beijing Anzhen Hospital.Electrophysiological mapping and radiofrequency ablation were completed using three-dimensional anatomical mapping system combined with three-dimensional intracardiac ultrasound technology.ECG and abaltion target diagram characteristics as well as the special anatomy were explored.Results All the 10 patients were successfully ablated and followed up for 12 months.One patient had recurrence within 12 months and no complications were recorded.The target sites localized at the tip (n =1),middle portion(n =4)or the base (n =5) of the LV-APM.Among 7 patients,the target sites were located at the anterior septal papillary muscle and in 3 patients were located in the free papillary muscle.9 patients were successfully ablated via anterograde trans-septal catheterization after the failure of retrograde approach.Premature QRS wave time were 152.80 ± 11.72 ms and 6 patients presented sharp potential at the targets during PVC/VT.Conclusions PVC/VT originating from left ventricle anterior papillary muscles have similar ECG and diagram characteristics that is different from which originating from left anterior fascicle.It is recommended to get the target via transseptalpuncure approach.Ablation target could be clearly positioned by three-dimensional intracardiac ultrasound technology.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the hypoglycemic active parts from the leaves of Dimocarpus longan for type 2 diabetes mellitus mice,and to provide reference for material basis study of it. METHODS:Total extract was obtained from the leaves of D. longan with 95% ethanol percolation extraction. After confirming hypoglycemic effect of total extract,extract was suspended with water. Relevant extract was obtained by using petroleum ether,ethyl acetate and n-butanol in turn(respectively marked as ST,YT,ZT and WT). The model of type 2 diabetes mellitus mice was established by high glucose and high fat diet combined with STZ. Model mice were randomly divided into model group(distilled water),positive control group(metformin,0.1 g/kg), ST low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups(22.2,29.6,44 g/kg,calculated by crude drug,similarly hereinafter),YT low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups(10.7,16,32 g/kg),ZT low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups(10.5, 15.8,31.6 g/kg),WT low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups(18.5,24.6,37 g/kg),with 10 mice in each group. Other 10 normal mice were included in normal group(distilled water). Those groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically,once a day,for consecutive 28 d.The growth of mice and the change of body weight were observed and recorded. Fasting blood glucose(FBG)of mice was detected,and glucose tolerance test of mice was conducted. The contents of TC,TG,HDL-C and LDL-C in serum of mice were also determined. RESULTS:Compared with normal group,body weight and serum content of HDL-C in model group were decreased;FBG and the blood sugar after giving glucose for 0.5,1,2 h and area under glucose tolerance curve of mice were increased,and serum contents of TC,TG and LDL-C were alse increased,with statistical significance(P<0.01). compared with model group,body weight of mice in YT high-dose group after administration of 25 d was increased,FBG of mice in YT groups and ZT medium-dose,high-dose groups were decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);blood sugar of mice in YT medium-dose,high-dose groups and ZT high-dose group after giving glucose for 1 h as well as blood sugar of mice in YT high-dose group after giving glucose for 2 h were all decreased;area under glucose tolerance curve of mice and serum content of TC were decreased in YT groups and ZT high-dose group,while serum content of HDL-C was increased. Serum content of TG and LDL-C in YT high-dose group and ZT high-dose group as well as serum content of TG in YT medium-dose group were all decreased,serum content of HDL-C in ZT medium-dose group was increased,with statistical significance(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:The ethyl acetate part and n-butanol part from the leaves of D. longan show good hypoglycemic effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus mice.

OBJECTIVETo explore if CHA2DS2 VASc score can predict substrate for persistent atrial fibrillation ( AF) and outcome post catheter ablation of AF.

METHODSFrom January 2011 to December 2012,116 patients underwent catheter ablation of persistent AF in our department and were enrolled in this study. CHA2DS2VASc score was calculated as follows: two points were assigned for a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack and age ≥ 75 and 1 point each was assigned for age ≥ 65, a history of hypertension, diabetes,recent cardiac failure, vessel disease, female. Left atrial geometry ( LA) was reconstructed with a 3.5 mm tip ablation catheter with fill-in threshold 10 in CARTO system. The mapping catheter was stabled at each endocardial location for at least 3 seconds for recording. The electrogram recordings at each endocardial location were analyzed with a custom software embedded in the CARTO mapping system. Interval confidence level (ICL) was used to characterize complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAEs) . As the default setting of the software, ICL more than or equal to 7 was considered sites with a highly repetitive CFAEs complex. CFAEs index was defined as the fraction of area of ICL more than or equal to 7 to the left atrial surface. The CFAEs index and outcome of catheter ablation among different CHA2DS2VASc groups were compared.

RESULTSOf the 116 patients, CHA2DS2VASc was 0 in 33 patients, 1 in 31 patients and ≥ 2 in 52 patients. Left atrial surface ((121.2 ± 18.9) cm2, (133.6 ± 23.8) cm2, (133.9 ± 16.1) cm2, P = 0.008), left atrial volume ((103.6 ± 24.8) ml, (118.3 ± 27.8) ml, (120.9 ± 20.9) ml, P = 0.005) and CFAEs index (44.6% ± 22.4%, 54.2% ± 22.2%, 58.7% ± 23.1%, P = 0.023) increased in proportion with increasing CHA2DS2VASc. ICLmax, ICLmin and CFAEs spatial distribution were similar among the three groups. During the mean follow-up of (13 ± 8) months, the recurrence rate were 36.4%, 35.5%, 55.8% among the three groups (P = 0.025).

CONCLUSIONA high CHA2DS2VASc score is associated with extensive AF substrate and higher recurrence rate post catheter ablation of persistent AF.

Aged ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Catheter Ablation ; Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac ; Female ; Heart Atria ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Recurrence ; Stroke ; Treatment Outcome

Objective Cryoballoon ablation of pulmonary vein (PV) ostia often induces a vagal response.This prospective study was designed to assess the effectiveness of prophylactic intravenous administration of atropine on hemodynamic impairment induced by cryoballoon ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation.Methods Twenty-five patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation undergoing cryoballoon ablation were prospectively enrolled and assigned to either the trial group on the control group.First twelve patients (the trial group) were administered 1 mg of atropine before deflation of the cryoballoon,while the following 13 patients (the control group) were given atropine only after the onset of the hemodynamic variation (decrease in heart rate and/or blood pressure).Treatment was considered effective when the hemodynamic variations were restored.Results In the trial group,three patients with transient hypotension did not require further supportive care throughout the procedures and one patient with hypotension required supportive management.In the control group,hypotension,bradycardia and mixed bradycardia with hypotension requiring supportive care occurred in six,three,and three patients,respectively.Overall,the rate of marked vagal responses was significantly lower when prophylactic atropine was administrated (4/12 vs.12/13 patients,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Atropine is effective in the prevention of all types of vasovagal responses induced by cryoballoon ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation.