Objective: To observe the joint effect of school and family tobacco control on middle school students, and to explore its effectiveness in reducing second-hand smoke exposure in middle school students’ families, as so asto provide a new way of thinking for controlling smoking among middle school sudents. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted on the study of 2 125 primary and high school students in four middle schools in the Dongcheng District of Beijing by means of a stratified group sampling method. Personal information of students, tobacco control environment around the family, school and surrounding ares, as well as the knowledge, attitude and behavior of students related to tobacco control was collected. Results: The exposure rate of second-hand smoke in the families of middle and high school students in Dongcheng District of Beijing was 33.41%. Smoking by at least one parent was positively correlated with second-hand smoke exposure in the student’s home (OR=22.88, P<0.05). Among the students who saw the "clear no-smoking label" on campus, the exposure rate (4.92%) when the smoking restriction was set on the home was lower than that of those who did not have a regulation in the home (58.94%) (χ2=452.57, P<0.01). The results of Logistic regression showed that there was a combination of family smoking restrictions and second-hand smoke exposure in middle and high school students who had seen the smoking ban on campus (OR=0.08) and had the school’s tobacco control education (OR=0.08). Conclusion The joint tobacco control measures between school and family can effectively reduce the exposure rate of second-hand smoke in middle school students’ families, which is better than the effect of tobacco control alone.

Objective:To observe the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist(GLP-1RA) combined with metformin on glucolipid metabolism and reproductive function in overweight/obesity polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS) patients.Methods:Retrospectively analyzed changes in clinical parameters of body measurements, glucolipid metabolism, menstrual cycle, hormones, and polycystic ovary in 200 overweight/obese PCOS Patients who received 12 weeks of treatment(liraglutide+ metformin or exenatide+ metformin) in the Department of Endocrinology at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from July 2017 to July 2022.Results:In terms of metabolism improvement, body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, γ-glutamyltransferase, glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, insulin(including fasting, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, area under curve-insulin, triglyceride, and total cholesterol were significantly decreased after treatment( P<0.05 or P<0.01 or P<0.001). In terms of reproductive function, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone and free androgen index were decreased( P<0.001), while sex hormone-binding globulin was increased( P<0.01). There were no significant differences in progesterone, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate compared with before treatment( P>0.05). The proportion of subjects with regular menstrual cycle increased from 23.53% to 57.52%( P<0.05). The proportion of subjects with polycystic ovarian changes decreased from 65.30% to 50.32%, and the proportion with dominant follicles increased from zero to 18.30%( P<0.05 or P<0.01). Some patients(25.49%) experienced adverse reactions such as nausea, diarrhea, abdominal distension, and vomiting after medication. Conclusion:The combination of GLP-1RA and metformin effectively improves glucose lipid metabolism disorder and reproductive dysfunction in overweight/obese PCOS patients.