OBJECTIVEInvestigating the distribution of anti-hepatitis E virus (HEV-IgG), anti-human papillomavirus (HPV L1-IgG) and risk factors among female residents in Xinmi County, to explore the influencing factors of HPV vaccine study using HEV vaccinated population as a control.

METHODSA screening study of cervical cancer in Xinmi County, Henan Province, was performed. The information of demographic characteristics and risk factors was collected using standard questionnaire. Nine ml blood was drawn from each woman for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect HEV-IgG and HPV L1-IgG antibody. Percentile, histogram and binary logistic regression model were used to describe the distribution of risk factors and their correlation to HPV and HEV infection.

RESULTSThe average age of the Xinmi female residents was 47.2 years, their positive rate of HPV L1 antibody was 26.8%, and that of HEV-IgG antibody was 31.0%, both of which were raised with age (P < 0.001). Single factor analysis showed that non-education, low-income and growing age were associated with HEV-IgG antibody positivity, and non-education, lowering ages of first sexual life and growing age were associated with HPV L1-IgG antibody positivity. Multivariable analysis showed that growing age, low-income and work as peasantry were independent risk factors for HEV-IgG antibody positivity, and lowering ages of first sexual life, non-education and growing age were independent risk factors for HPV L1-IgG antibody positivity.

CONCLUSIONSBoth the HEV-IgG and HPV L1-IgG antibodies positive rates increase with age. Age is the common risk factor of HEV-IgG and HPV L1-IgG antibodies in female residents in Xinmi County. The risk factors of HEV-IgG and HPV L1-IgG antibodies have no statistical association, neither cross reaction was found in the HEV-IgG and HPV L1-IgG detection.

Antibodies ; Antibodies, Viral ; China ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Hepatitis E ; blood ; epidemiology ; Hepatitis E virus ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Papillomaviridae ; Papillomavirus Infections ; blood ; epidemiology ; Papillomavirus Vaccines ; Risk Factors ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; diagnosis

Objective To investigate the frequency of therapy-oriented oral radiation in Nanping, China and its distribution, and to provide a basis for the rational application of therapy-oriented oral radiation and the effective allocation of resources in Nanping. Methods A questionnaire was designed to investigate the frequency of therapy-oriented oral radiation in all oral radiation diagnosis and treatment institutions in Nanping. Results In 2021, there were 54 oral radiation diagnosis and treatment institutions and 79 oral radiation machines in Nanping. The total frequency of therapy-oriented oral radiation was 61593 visits and the radiation frequency was 19.54 visits per thousand patients. The average annual frequency of medical institutions at all levels was 721.87 to 3713.25 visits per institution; the male-to-female composition ratio of frequency of therapy-oriented oral radiation in December 2021 was 50.5%:49.5%. The proportion of radiation frequency of different devices was as follows: 38.7% (intraoral dental film), 46.5% (oral panorama), 10.3% (oral computed tomography [CT]), and 4.5% (cranial photography). The proportion of radiation frequency in patients of different ages was as follows: 17.1% (0−15 years), 48.2% (15−40 years), and 34.7% (over 40 years). The frequency of therapy-oriented oral radiation grew by 77.43%, 35.18%, and 8.16% every two years from 2015 to 2021, respectively. Conclusion The frequency level of therapy-oriented oral radiation in Nanping is at the level of Class II health care. The distribution of therapy-oriented oral radiation is highly unbalanced and is related to the level of economic development. Private healthcare institutions are growing rapidly, and public healthcare institutions of grade two and above occupy the main healthcare resources. The oral panorama accounts for the most, cranial photography accounts for the least, and oral CT is the fastest-growing portion. Therapy-oriented oral radiation is predominantly performed in the young and middle-aged populations, regardless of sex. Except for intraoral dental films, the general trend is upward.

OBJECTIVETo explore the distribution of serum antibodies against human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 among women at high-risk for cervical cancer.

METHODSAll women when tested positive for anyone of the cervical cancer screening programs, from Xinmi county of Henan province in 2011, were recruited as the subjects of this study. Cervical exfoliated cells were collected, using cervical brush for HPV DNA testing, and 10 ml venous blood was drawn for HPV-16, 18 serum antibodies testing, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTSAmong the 952 women under study, 230 cases (24.2%)showed HPV DNA positive, with positivity rates of HPV16 and 18 L1 virus-like particle (VLP)antibodies as 23.2% and 6.5%, respectively. The overall positivity rate of any type of HPV16, 18 VLP antibodies was 26.8% . Geometric means of HPV16, 18 VLP antibody titers were 79.1 (Yangshengtang Unit,YU/ml) and 125.0(YU/ml). Positivity rate of HPV16 antibody was significantly associated with age, viral load of HPV DNA, and cervical lesion severity (P < 0.05). Seropositivity of HPV18 was also increasing with the increase of viral load (P < 0.01) with different cervical lesion significantly showing different titer of HPV18 antibody (P < 0.01). Based on the results of HPV DNA detection among the two years of study, women with HPV persistent infection showed significant higher positive rate of HPV16/18 antibodies than women who did not have HPV infection or emerging infection (P < 0.001). When comparing to those women without HPV infection, the ones with transient infection showed higher seropositivity rates on both HPV16 antibodies and titer of HPV16 antibody (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSeroprevalence rates on HPV16 and 18 among the unvaccinated high-risk women in Henan were high. Prevalence of both HPV16 and 18 antibodies were correlated with age, viral load, cervical lesion and history of infection.Women with high viral load, high grade cervical lesion or history of infection would more likely to be seropositive.

Adult ; Aged ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; immunology ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; immunology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Papillomavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; virology