Objective To investigate the effects of myricetin (Myr) on A549 lung cancer cell proliferation and its mechanism. Method The inhibitory effects of Myr on the growth of A549 cells were investigated and its value of IC50 after 72 h incubation was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazolyl -2)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. The phosphorylation level of Akt protein was studied by Western blotting. Results Myr inbibited A549 cell proliferation in dose-dependent way. The IC50 value of Myr treatment for 72 h was 41.7 ?g/ml. Treatments with 32 ?g/ml Myr for 12 h significantly reduced the protein kinase B (Akt Ser473) phosphorylation. Conclusion Myr could inhibit the growth of A549 cell in a dose-dependent way. Akt phosphorylation may be the mainly molecular target of Myr in A549.

0.05) at 8 w. At 8 w body fat and TG in groups B and C were significantly lower than group A (P

Objective: To investigate the refractive progression and associated factors of children of different ages and refractive status, and to provide guidance on myopia prevention and control program formulation and work practice. Methods: A total of 20 kindergartens, primary schools, and secondary schools in 2 districts of Shanghai were selected based on the existing cohort, and baseline data in 2015 and one year follow up data in 2016 were collected from 1 510 children aged 4 to 14, including cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction (SER), axial length (AL), and corneal curvature. The distribution and progression of SER and AL in children of different ages and refractive status were analyzed, and the influencing factors of SER progression (ΔSER) were explored using multiple linear regression. Results: ΔSER remained relatively stable at age 4 and 5 (average -0.08 to -0.07 D/year), and SER drifted significantly towards myopia (average -0.50 to -0.31 D/year) in all groups older than 6 years, dropping back to -0.44 to -0.33 D/year after age 11; Elongation of AL (ΔAL) was 0.27 to 0.35 mm/year in 4 to 10 years group, and decreased to 0.15 to 0.22 mm/year in 11 to 14 years group. The ΔSER and ΔAL were greatest in the new onset myopes [(-0.90± 0.05 )D, (0.51±0.02)mm], followed by the low myopia group [(-0.68±0.04)D, (0.36±0.02)mm], then followed by the moderate to high myopia group[(-0.49±0.06)D，(0.23±0.03)mm] and the lowest in the hyperopia group[(-0.21±0.02)D, ( 0.26 ±0.01)mm], with a statistically significant difference among these groups ( P <0.05). Age ( β =-0.07), baseline SER ( β = 0.05 ) and ΔAL ( β =-0.78) were independent influencing factors for refractive progression in the 4 to 10 years old group, while ΔAL( β =-1.55) was the only independent influencing factor in the 11 to 14 years old group ( P <0.05). Conclusion The elongation of AL in preschoolers is mostly physiologically and should be prevented from growing beyond the physiological range by increasing outdoor activities. The primary students, as well as students with pre myopia or low myopia are the priority groups for dynamic monitoring and intervention in myopia prevention and control.

Background: Esophageal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim-3) has been shown to be implicated in the tumor immune escape, and associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in a variety of malignancies. Aims: To investigate the expression of Tim-3 in esophageal tumorigenesis and its clinical significance. Methods: Paraffin-embedded tissues from 103 esophageal cancer, 21 high-grade esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia, 16 low-grade esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia, and 20 chronic esophagitis were collected in this study. Using immunohistochemistry, the expression level of Tim-3 was evaluated; and the correlation of Tim-3 expression in cancerous tissue with the clinicopathological parameters of esophageal cancer was analyzed. Results: Tim-3 expression was increased from chronic esophagitis, low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia to esophageal cancer (0.271±0.138, 0.368±0.198, 0.443±0.147, and 0.639±0.119, P<0.05). Moreover, Tim-3 expression was significantly correlated with depth of tumor invasion, regional lymph node metastasis and TNM staging of esophageal cancer (P<0.05), whereas no relationship was found between Tim-3 expression and gender, age and tumor location of esophageal cancer (P>0.05). Conclusions: Tim-3 expression is increased in esophageal tumorigenesis; overexpression of Tim-3 in esophageal cancer is closely correlated with tumor progression. Tim-3 might be served as a biomarker for development, progression and prognosis of esophageal cancer.