Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs with covalently closed structures, which have important functions in plants. However, their biogenesis, degradation, and function upon treatment with gibberellins (GAs) and auxins (1-naphthaleneacetic acid, NAA) remain unknown. Here, we systematically identified and characterized the expression patterns, evolutionary conservation, genomic features, and internal structures of circRNAs using RNase R-treated libraries from moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) seedlings. Moreover, we investigated the biogenesis of circRNAs dependent on both cis- and trans-regulation. We explored the function of circRNAs, including their roles in regulating microRNA (miRNA)-related genes and modulating the alternative splicing of their linear counterparts. Importantly, we developed a customized degradome sequencing approach to detect miRNA-mediated cleavage of circRNAs. Finally, we presented a comprehensive view of the participation of circRNAs in the regulation of hormone metabolism upon treatment of bamboo seedlings with GA and NAA. Collectively, our study provides insights into the biogenesis, function, and miRNA-mediated degradation of circRNAs in moso bamboo.
RNA, Circular/metabolism* ; Multiomics ; Poaceae/metabolism* ; Seedlings/genetics* ; Hormones/metabolism* ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant

Objective To determine the median effective concentration (EC50) of ropivacaine for ultrasound-guided brachial plexus block.Methods Fifty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes, aged 19-72 yr, weighing 45-83 kg, scheduled for upper extremity surgery under brachial plexus block guided by ultrasound, were enrolled in this study. Brachial plexus block was performed under the guidance of ultrasound. After successful location, ropivacaine 30 ml was injected. EC50 of ropivacaine was determined by up-and-down sequential method. The initial concentration was 0.50% . Each time the concentration increased/decreased by 0.05% . EC50 of ropivacaine required for ultrasound-guided brachial plexus block and 95% confidence interval were calculated using Probit analysis.Results The EC50 of ropivacaine resulting in complete block of the brachial plexus nerve was 0.436%(95% confidence interval 0.393%-0.477% ). Conclusion The EC50 of ropivacaine is 0.436% for ultrasoundguided brachial plexus block.