Objective To analyze the status of Leishmania infantum asymptomatic infection in human population of a Kala-azar endemic area in Wenxian County,Gansu Province,and to evaluate the tests used.Methods Blood samples were tested by PCR using two pairs of primers,RV1-RV2 and K13A-K13B,for detecting Leishmania-specific DNA.ELISA and rK39-dipstick were used to detect Leishmania-specific antibodies.Results The positive rate of PCR,ELISA and rK39-dipstick was 30.9%(83/269),24.2%(65/269) and 0(0/269) respectively.Conclusion The prevalence of asymptomatic infection of L.infantum in humans is high in the area.PCR test based on RV1-RV2 and K13A-K13B primer pairs is a sensitive and specific method for detecting the asymptomatic infection.

Objective To observe the image characteristics ofmultispectral scanning laser imaging (MSLI) and OCT in patients with pregnancy induced hypertension syndrome (PIHS).Methods A total of 112 patients (224 eyes) of PIHS patients diagnosed in Obstetrics Department of Tianjin First Central Hospital from May 2016 to May 2017 were included in this study.The average age of the patients was 27.00±2.14 years.The average course of the disease was 15.00 ±8.27 days.There were 174 eyes in 87 patients of blurred vision,dazzling and visual fatigue consciously.All patients performed BCVA,direct ophthalmoscope,B ultrasound,confocal scanning laser Ophthalmoscope (cSLO) and spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT).SD-OCT was performed with Spectralis HRA+OCT from Heidelberg Company in Germany to acquire tomographic images.Using Herdelberg's colorful program (MultiColor) based on cSLO and operating in accordance with standard methods,one scan simultaneously obtained blue light reflection based on 488 nm,green light reflection based on 515 nm,and infrared reflection based on 820 nm,synthesis to MSLI.Fundus abnormalities were classified into arterial spasm (stage Ⅰ),arteriosclerosis (stage Ⅱ),and retinopathy (stage Ⅲ).OCT examination was divided into normal and abnormal cases according to the abnormality of retinal morphology and thickness.Results Of the 224 eyes,68 eyes (30.36％) showed normal fundus examination and 156 eyes (69.64％) showed abnormal fundus performance.Among them,28 eyes were stage Ⅰ (17.95％);40 eyes were stage Ⅱ (25.64％);88 eyes were stage Ⅲ (56.41％).Thirty-six eyes (16.07％) showed normal fundus and 188 eyes (83.93％) showed abnormal performance with OCT.Of the 188 eyes with abnormal fundus performance,86 eyes (45.74％) had retinal neuroepithelial serous detachment;56 eyes (29.79％) had RPE detachment;optic disc edema,bulge,and local reflexes in the retinal nerve fiber layer were enhanced and/or the thickness increased in 46 eyes (24.47％).In MSLI,48 eyes (21.43％) showed normal fundus;176 eyes (78.57％) showed abnormal performance.Retinal edema was showed in green on MSLI,serous retinal neuroepithelial layer detachment,RPE layer detachment,retinal nerve fiber layer thickening,accompanied by changes in local retinal structure.The higher the degree of bulge,the darker the color.Consistent with the range of retinal edema revealed by SD-OCT.Conclusions MSLI and SD-OCT images show highly consistent lesions in PIHS patients.MSLI can more clearly show superficial and deep retinal lesions.

Blocking the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells with monoclonal antibody therapy has emerged as powerful weapon in cancer immunotherapy. However, only a minority of patients presented immune responses in clinical trials. To develop an alternative treatment method based on immune checkpoint blockade, we designed a novel and efficient CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system delivered by cationic copolymer aPBAE to downregulate PD-L1 expression on tumor cells specifically knocking out Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 () gene . The expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells was significantly attenuated by knocking out , leading to effective tumor growth inhibition in murine melanoma and lung metastasis suppression in triple-negative breast cancer. Importantly, we demonstrated that aPBAE/Cas9-Cdk5 treatment elicited strong T cell-mediated immune responses in tumor microenvironment that the population of CD8 T cells was significantly increased while regulatory T cells (Tregs) was decreased. It may be the first case to exhibit direct PD-L1 downregulation CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology for cancer therapy. It will provide promising strategy for preclinical antitumor treatment through the combination of nanotechnology and genome engineering.