This research was designed to illuminate the change in biomechanical parameters of soft tissue for bite marks on porker limb. The authors used a prefabricate nob to press perpendicularly on porket limb and so to establish bite mark under three forces: 100 N, 200 N and 300 N. After the procedure of biting, the stress-strain relationship and changes in extension of soft tissue were recorded. Meanwhile, the elasticity was measured with a press meter at nine time-points. When bite mark was formed, with the development of stress, the strain of soft tissue increased. But the speed of increment slowed down when stress exceeded some extent. After bite mark was formed, the extension and elasticity of soft tissue decreased with the increase of pressure.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bite Force ; Bites, Human ; physiopathology ; Elasticity ; Extremities ; Humans ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; physiopathology ; Stress, Mechanical ; Swine

We report a case of cushing's syndrome caused by ectopic adreocortical adenoma. The patient is a 37 years old woman, she was admitted to our hospital for " 2 years history of hypertension and weakness in both lower extremities for 2 months". Physical examination revealed: blood pressure 160/116 mmHg(1 mmHg＝0.133 kPa), body mass index 27.47 kg/m2, moon-face, increased fat in the neck and back, purple marks on abdominal skin, withⅡdegree edema of both lower extremities. Laboratory examination revealed that serum cortisol levels were elevated, loss of normal circadian rhythm, and serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was suppressed, the level of cortisol could not be suppressed in low dose desamethasone suppression test. Adrenal computed tomography ( CT) revealed a nodule in the right retroperitoneum, compression of the renal hilum, no bilateral adrenal adenoma and hyperplasia were found. This patient was diagnosed as corticotropin-independent Cushing's syndrome unequivocally. The clinical symptoms were relieved after successful laparoscopic retroperitoneum resection of the nodule. Pathological exam confirmed adrenocortical adenoma in ectopic adrenal tissue. Thus, we should consider the ectopic corticosteroid-secreting tumor in the context of corticotropin-independent Cushing's syndrome, especially when the imaging studies of adrenal revealed bilateral adrenal glands were normal or atrophic, which helped to make an appropriate strategy treatment.

Objective:To investigate the expression of Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in the salivary gland of primary Sj?gren′s syndrome (pSS) patients, and to analyze its clinical significance.Methods:Thirty-two pSS patients and 27 non-pSS controls who had salivary gland biopsies were enrolled. The expression of MAIT cells was detected by immunofluorescence and then analyzed based on clinical data. T test, variance analysis and Spearman correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results:The expression of MAIT cells in the salivary gland of pSS patients was significantly higher than in controls [(2.40±0.33)/gland and (0.79±0.13)/gland respectively, t=4.24, P<0.01]. In pSS patients with mouth dryness ( n=26), MAIT cells in the sali-vary gland were significantly increased compared with those without [(2.73±0.38)/gland vs (0.95±0.15)/gland, t=2.24, P=0.03]. In patients with dental caries ( n=17), MAIT cells in the salivary gland were also significantly increased [(3.13±0.54)/gland vs (1.57±0.20)/gland, t=2.57, P=0.02]. The expression of MAIT cells in the salivary gland of pSS patients was positively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and European League Against Rheumatism Sj?gren′s Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) scores ( r=0.37, P=0.04 and r=0.65, P<0.01 respectively). In pSS patients with positive SSA antibody ( n=23), the amount of MAIT cells was more than controls [(2.89±0.40)/gland vs (1.13±0.32)/gland, t=2.61, P=0.01]. The level of MAIT cells in the salivary gland was higher in pSS patients with more lymphocytic foci [one foci: (1.50±0.49)/gland, two foci: (2.29±0.52)/gland, three foci(3.66±0.59)/gland; F=4.22, P=0.02]. Conclusion:The expression of MAIT cells in the salivary gland of pSS patients is significantly higher than non-pSS controls, and is correlated with oral symptoms, disease activity and the production of autoantibodies. This may suggest that MAIT cells may participate in the local inflammation response and play a role in the pathogenesis of pSS.