Epstein-Barr virus infects widely, and has a powerful ability to transfrom into a number of malignant diseases. The infection is mostly latent, without any obvious clinical symptoms. At present, more and more researches have found that cell-mediated immunity,especially T lymphocyte response plays an important role in the control of Epstein-Barr virus infection.

Infant dyschezia is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants.The main clinical features include an emotionally state of strain, with scream, cry and red or purple in the face with each effort to defecate, which usually lasting 10-20 minutes and normal stool passes several times a day.The current diagnostic criteria of infant dyschezia is based on the Rome Ⅳ criteria.Pathogenesis of infant dyschezia is still unclear, which may be related to immature defecation pattern in infants, intestinal flora imbalance, brain-gut-microbiota axis disturbances and complementary feeding starting too early.Infant dyschezia is self-limited, and there is no need of specific treatment.The caregivers are recommended to avoid rectal stimulation and laxative intervention.

Objective To observe the anti￣Helicobacter pylori(Hp) infection effects of berberine in mice. Methods A young rats model of Hp infection was established,then the rats were divided into 3 groups according to different anti￣Hp treatments. The standard group was given a standard triple therapy(amoxilin+clasamycin+omeprazole),the berberine group was added with berberine on the basis of the standard triple therapy;and the bismuth group was added with bismuth on the basis of the standard triple therapy. All the three groups received continuous treatment for 2 weeks. The eradication condition of Hp was detected by gas￣tric mucosa Giemsa staining and rapid urinary enzyme test 4 weeks after discontinuation. In addition,the min￣imum antibacterial concentration of berberine was detected by using agar dilution method antibiotic sensitivity test through Hp culturing in vitro. Results The Hp eradication rate of standard triplet group,berberine group and bismuth group was 55. 0%,77. 5% and 95. 0%,repectively,the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). The eradication rate of berberine group was higher than that of standard triplet group,but lower than that of bismuth group(P<0. 05). Meanwhile,the minimum antibacterial concentration of berberine was 12. 5 mg/ml in vitro. Conclusion Berberine has antibacterial ability against Hp,which combined with stand￣ard triple therapy can improve the eradication rate of Hp.