Objective To investigate the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on glycolipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and explore the mechanism. Methods 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with GLP-1, insulin, or both for 24 h, and Western blotting was used to analyze the expression levels of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), Akt1, Akt2 and phosphorylated Akt in the cells. Immunofluorescence was used to observe lipid content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Results Akt1 and Akt2 were not activated by insulin stimulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Akt was phosphorylated by GLP-1 stimulation, which inhibited the expression of ATGL and increased the translocation of GLUT4 from the intracellular membranes to plasma membranes. These changes were more obvious under the synergistic effect of insulin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Conclusion GLP-1 decreases lipolysis by inhibiting the expression of ATGL and improves insulin resistance by increasing the translocation of GLUT4 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Objective To investigate the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on glycolipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and explore the mechanism. Methods 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with GLP-1, insulin, or both for 24 h, and Western blotting was used to analyze the expression levels of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), Akt1, Akt2 and phosphorylated Akt in the cells. Immunofluorescence was used to observe lipid content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Results Akt1 and Akt2 were not activated by insulin stimulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Akt was phosphorylated by GLP-1 stimulation, which inhibited the expression of ATGL and increased the translocation of GLUT4 from the intracellular membranes to plasma membranes. These changes were more obvious under the synergistic effect of insulin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Conclusion GLP-1 decreases lipolysis by inhibiting the expression of ATGL and improves insulin resistance by increasing the translocation of GLUT4 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on glycolipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and explore the mechanism.

METHODS3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with GLP-1, insulin, or both for 24 h, and Western blotting was used to analyze the expression levels of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), Akt1, Akt2 and phosphorylated Akt in the cells. Immunofluorescence was used to observe lipid content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

RESULTSAkt1 and Akt2 were not activated by insulin stimulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Akt was phosphorylated by GLP-1 stimulation, which inhibited the expression of ATGL and increased the translocation of GLUT4 from the intracellular membranes to plasma membranes. These changes were more obvious under the synergistic effect of insulin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

CONCLUSIONGLP-1 decreases lipolysis by inhibiting the expression of ATGL and improves insulin resistance by increasing the translocation of GLUT4 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

3T3-L1 Cells ; Adipocytes ; cytology ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Membrane ; metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Drug Synergism ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 ; pharmacology ; Glucose Transporter Type 4 ; metabolism ; Insulin ; pharmacology ; Insulin Resistance ; Intracellular Membranes ; metabolism ; Lipase ; metabolism ; Mice ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Transport ; drug effects ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism

Objective:To explore the effect of patient engagement on medication safety for patients with chronic disease through a systematic review.Methods:Relevant randomized controlled trials of patient engagement on medication safety were searched from PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP database. The literature was screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and data extraction and literature quality evaluation was conducted on the selected literature.Results:A total of 15 eligible studies was included. Most of the studies occurred in outpatient and home settings, and the subjects were patients with chronic diseases. Patient engagement strategies can be divided into three categories: (1) patient engagement in medical decision-making; (2) patient engagement in medication adjustment; (3) patient engagement in medication management. The outcomes of medication safety included medication adherence, medication knowledge, medication beliefs, adverse events and medication errors. Intervention strategies for patients to actively engage in medication safety significantly improved patients′ medication knowledge and beliefs, but did not improve medication adherence of patients.Conclusion:Promoting patient active engagement is an effective intervention measure to improve patients ′ perception of medication safety. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusions.

Objective:To compare gene expression profiles in normal human cervical epithelial cells (HcerEpic) before and after Chlamydia trachomatis ( Ct) infection. Methods:HcerEpic cells that were pretreated with DEAE-D were infected with Ct serotype E standard strain and then cultured for 44 h. Uninfected HcerEpic cells were used as the control group. Total RNA was extracted from the cells in each group and reverse transcribed to construct a cDNA library. Differences in gene expression profiles between the two groups were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing and the representative genes were selected for verification by qPCR. Results:A total of 23 997 genes were detected, including 125 differentially expressed genes. Among the 125 genes, 119 were up-regulated and six were down-regulated. GO analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were enriched in several biological processes including defense response to virus, typeⅠinterferon signaling pathway and cellular responses to typeⅠinterferons. KEGG enrichment analysis showed the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the pathways related to virus infections, such as influenza A virus, herpes simplex virus, EB virus and HPV, and NOD-like receptor pathway.Conclusions:There were significant differences in transcriptome profiles of HcerEpic cells before and after Ct infection. The differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the interferon pathway, which was closely related to the antiviral processes in cells. qPCR verified the differentially expressed genes and the genes closely related to the interferon pathway, such as ISG15, IFIT2, OASL and UBE2L6.

Objective:To construct an evaluation index system of primary practice bases for standardized training of assistant general practitioners in Beijing.Methods:From September to December 2023, the evaluation index system was initially developed using the Context, Input, Process, and Product Evaluation Model (CIPP model), then 20 experts engaged in clinical teaching management and general practice standardized training base evaluation were invited for three rounds of Delphi expert consultation, and the weights of the indicators at all levels were determined using the Analytic Hierarchy Process.Results:The response rates of the three rounds of expert consultation were 100.0%, 95.0%, and 95.0% respectively. The degree of authority of the expert consultations was greater than 0.70. The index importance and feasibility coordination coefficients of three rounds of expert consultation were 0.123 and 0.100 ( P<0.001), 0.064 and 0.068 ( P>0.05), and 0.149 and 0.221 ( P<0.001), respectively, indicting the convergence of the experts′ opinions. The evaluation indexes of the primary practice bases for standardized training of assistant general practitioners in Beijing were finally constructed, including five first-level indexes, including qualification and conditions, teaching organization and system, teaching staff, operation management and quality control; 11 second-level indexes, including basic conditions, department setup, teaching facilities, teaching organization and teaching system; and 25 third-level indexes, including qualification, scale, essential departments, conditional departments and basic teaching facilities. The weights of the five first-level indexes were qualification and conditions (0.333), teaching organization and system (0.167), teaching staff (0.167), operation management (0.167), quality control (0.167). Among the 11 second-level indexes, the top five weights were basic conditions (0.163), department setup (0.104), teaching organization (0.084), teacher requirements (0.084), and basic practice rotation management (0.084). Among the 25 third-level indexes, the top five weights were qualification (0.083), quality control process (0.082), scale (0.081), essential departments (0.053), and conditional departments (0.051). Conclusion:The evaluation index system of primary practice bases for standardized training of assistant general practitioners in Beijing has been constructed in this study based on Delphi expert consultations.

With the population ageing, the number of elderly with noncommunicable diseases and functional disabilities is increasing. The assistive technology can improve the ability of older adults for daily living activities and reduce dependence on caregivers to facilitate home-based care for the elderly. However, the provision of assistive technology service in China is still in the early stage and lacks implementable model. This article introduces international experiences on the delivery of assistive technology service, and discusses the status quo and problems of assistive technology service in China, to provide insights for promoting assistive technology service in the primary health care.

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a genetic syndrome with severe neurodevelopmental disorders as the main manifestation. Its clinical manifestations included mental retardation, typical facial features, intrauterine and postnatal developmental delay, and deformity in multiple organs and systems, with an incidence rate of about 1/10000 to 1/30000. International CdLS Consensus Group was established in 2017 and issued the first international consensus on CdLS, i.e., "Diagnosis and management of Cornelia de Lange syndrome: first international consensus statement", in July 2018. Being developed through a modified Delphi consensus process, this consensus provides guidance on the diagnosis and management of children with CdLS. This article gives an interpretation of this consensus, aiming to help clinicians with early identification, diagnosis, standard follow-up, and management of this disease.
Consensus ; De Lange Syndrome ; Humans