Objectives: To study the changes of blood levels of soluble semaphorin 4D (sSema4D) and matrix metalloproteinases-14 (MMP-14);to explore the correlation between sSema4D and ventricular remodeling in patients of dilated cardiomyopathy with chronic heart failure.
Methods: Our research included in 2 groups:Dilated cardiomyopathy group, n=86 patients and Control group, n=32 healthy subjects. Blood levels of sSema4D, MMP14, Pro-BNP and hs-CRP were examined by ELISA. Left atrial diameter (LAD), right ventricular diameter (RVD), ejection fraction (EF), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) were measured by echocardiography. Correlation analysis between blood levels of sSema4D, MMP-14 and the parameters for left ventricular remodeling was conducted.
Results: Blood levels of sSema4D and MMP14 were different between 2 groups, P<0.005. In Dilated cardiomyopathy group, sSema4D level was positively related to MMP-14 and LVEDD (r=0.462, P=0.001 and r=0.643, P<0.001) respectively.
Conclusion: Serum level of sSema4D might be related to ventricular remodeling in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy which could be used as risk factor for predicting the prognosis of heart failure in relevant patients.

Bladder cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the urinary system.Currently,the clinical treatment options for bladder cancer mainly include surgery,chemotherapy,radiotherapy,immunotherapy,targeted therapy,photodynamic therapy,combination therapy,etc.The conventional treatment and administration strategies for bladder cancer primarily depend on the tumor stage and the extent of metastasis.However,in the process of non-surgical treatment,drugs lack specificity and targeting.Once the dosage is improperly controlled,drugs will damage normal cells when attacking cancer cells,which will lead to poor efficacy and multiple side effects.Nanomedicine is an emerging interdisciplinary field that utilizes nanomaterials and technologies in nanomedicine to provide disruptive technologies for traditional treatments,with advantages such as targeted delivery and high efficiency with low toxicity.Many nanotechnologies have become hot topics in clinical research in the field of medicine.Functionalized nanoparticles can actively or passively target specific cells within target organs,such as bladder cancer cells,by altering their surface properties,thereby enhancing drug delivery precision,reducing damage to normal cells,and improving treatment efficacy.This article provides an overview of the progress in classical and novel treatment approaches to bladder cancer,with a particular focus on the potential applications and future development directions of nanotechnology in the treatment of bladder cancer,providing important reference for personalized therapy and clinical translation in bladder cancer.

【Objective】 To explore the role and mechanism of TRPC in promoting extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in rat glomerular mesangial cells (HBZY-1). Methods Immunofluorescence staining was performed to observe the distribution and expression of TRPC1 and TRPC6 in HBZY-1 cells. After AngⅡ stimulation, qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of Gαq/PLCβ4/TRPC signaling pathway main proteins and ECM deposition indicators (α-SMA, collagenⅢ and fibronectin). By silencing the expressions of TRPC1 and TRPC6 by RNA interference, the expressions of ECM deposition indicators were detected. Changes in [Ca²⁺]i influx were determined through Fluo-4AM Ca²⁺ imaging. 【Results】 Both TRPC1 and TRPC6 were expressed in HBZY-1, and were mainly located in cell membrane and cytoplasm. After AngⅡ stimulation, Gαq/PLCβ4/TRPC signaling pathway was activated, and the mRNA and protein expressions of Gαq, PLCβ4, TRPC1 and TRPC6 were all increased (P<0.05). [Ca²⁺]i influx also increased (P<0.01), and the mRNA and protein expressions of ECM deposition indicators (α-SMA, ColⅢ and Fn) were upregulated (P<0.05). Silencing the expressions of TRPC1 and TRPC6 by RNA interference led to decreased [Ca²⁺]i influx (P<0.05), and downregulated mRNA and protein expressions of ECM deposition indicators in HBZY-1 cells (P<0.05). The results suggested that inhibition of TRPC expressions could inhibit AngⅡ induced ECM deposition in HBZY-1 cells, which might be associated with decreased [Ca²⁺]i influx. 【Conclusion】 TRPC may be a novel therapeutic target of renal fibrosis.

This article reported the treatment of Gorham Stout syndrome (GSS) with kyphoscoliosis. The patient was an 11-year-old male who was presented with kyphoscoliosis, first developed 4 years ago, accompanied by incomplete paralysis of both lower limbs. The syndrome worsened in the previous year. He had a history of chylothorax, ventilation dysfunction, and osteoporosis. The patient underwent skull traction in another hospital for 7 months, which was ineffective. Finally, he underwent posterior correction, internal fixation, and bone graft fusion (C4-T8) in our hospital. The postoperative clinical outcomes and the posterior correction were satisfactory, with significant improvement in incomplete paralysis of both lower limbs. This article aims to improve the understanding of GSS and provided reference for its diagnosis and treatment through a typical case report and review of previous literature.

  Objective  Different from other etiologies of early-onset scoliosis (EOS), congenital early-onset scoliosis (CEOS) is mainly linked to vertebral anomalies, such as formation failures and segmentation failures at the apex segments. So far, there is little research on CEOS patients who have completed traditional growing rods (TGR) treatment, and the initial outcomes of TGR with or without apical control technique (ACT) are different. Therefore, we compared the "final" results of CEOS patients who completed TGR treatment with or without ACT.  Methods  We conducted a retrospective study of CEOS patients who completed TGR treatment from 2007—2020. They either had final fusion or were followed up after reaching skeletal maturity. We split the patients into two groups based on whether they had ACT with TGR or not. The ACT-TGR group had apical vertebrectomy/hemivertebrectomy with short fusion and TGR. The TGR-only group had only TGR. We looked at their demographic features, radiographic measurements, and complications.  Results  This study enrolled 46 CEOS patients, of which 13 patients were in the ACT-TGR group and 33 patients in the TGR group. The ACT-TGR group had a longer distraction interval (1.17 years vs. 0.75 years). The ACT-TGR group had a larger preoperative main curve [87.00(63.50, 98.00)], but the residual curve degrees were comparable between the two groups at the last follow-up (P=0.354). At the last follow-up, the T1-12 and T1-S1 heights were similar between the two groups. The ACT-TGR group had a lower number of implant-related complications per patient (0.77 vs. 1.48). Three patients in the ACT-TGR group underwent final fusion, while 17 patients in the TGR group underwent final fusion (P=0.060).  Conclusions  Both ACT-TGR and traditional TGR coud effectively correct deformity and preserve spinal growth in CEOS patients. ACT-TGR had a better corrective effect on patients with severe deformity and did not have a significant impact on spinal height. For patients with acceptable correction, spontaneous fusion and without implant failure, retaining the implant and continuing observation could be a strategy for graduating from growing rod treatment.