Objective:To observe the effect of combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with functional electrical stimulation-assisted cycling (FES-cycling) on lower limb motor function early after a stroke.Methods:Thirty-seven survivors of a recent stroke were divided into a tDCS treatment group ( n=18) and a pseudo-stimulation group ( n=19). While receiving routine rehabilitation training and clinical drug treatment, the tDCS treatment group also cycled in response to functional electrical stimulation while simultaneously receiving tDCS anode stimulation of the motor cortex M1 area. The pseudo-stimulation group followed the same protocol but with the tDCS stimulation inactivated. Both groups were treated for 20min daily, 5 days weekly for 4 weeks. Before and after the 4 weeks of treatment, the lower limb motor function, walking ability and ability in the activities of daily living of both groups were evaluated using the Fugl-Meyer assessment scale for the lower extremities (FMA-LE), the timed up and go test (TUGT) and the modified Barthel index (MBI) respectively. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to detect each subject′s cerebral cortex motor threshold (CMT) , cortical latency (CL) and central motor conduction time (CMCT) as well as the amplitude (Amp) of the motor evoked potential of the lower limb primary motor cortex (M1 area). Results:After 4 weeks of treatment, the average FMA-LE and MBI scores and TUGT times of the two groups had improved significantly compared with those before treatment. The average FMA-LE score and TUGT time of the tDCS group were significantly better than those of the pseudo-stimulation group. The average CMT, CL and CMCT in both groups were significantly lower than those before the intervention, while the average Amp had increased significantly, but there were significant differences in the average CMT, Amp, CL and CMCT between the two groups after the 4 weeks of treatment.Conclusions:Transcranial direct current stimulation combined with cycling assisted by functional electrical stimulation can effectively stimulate excitability in the motor cortex soon after a stroke. That should promote the recovery of nerve activity and lower limb function.