OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of qianjin huanglian pill on kidney in monosodium L-glutamate (MSG)-treated insulin resistance (IR) mice.

METHODThe ameliorative effect of qianjin huanglian pill on IR in MSG mice was evaluated in comparison with rosiglitazone (Ros). The fasting serum glucose, fasting serum insulin, insulin sensitivity index, urinary albumin excretion, glomerular diameter and pathological changes of kidney were investigated in the evaluation.

RESULTAfter 2 weeks of qianjin huanglian pill treatment, the urinary albumin excretion (UAE) was reduced in low-dose group (P < 0.05) as compared with the model group. After 4 weeks of qianjin huanglian pill treatment, the fasting serum glucose was reduced in high-dose group (P < 0.001 compared with the model group). ISI of mice was ameliorated in high-dose group (P < 0.05 compared with the model group). The glomerular diameter was decreased, the hyperplasia of glomerulus was ameliorated in high-dose and low-dose groups (P < 0.01 compared with model group).

CONCLUSIONIn MSG mice, we found qianjin huanglian pill could increase insulin sensitivity, decrease the urinary albumin excretion, ameliorate the pathological changes of kidney due to insulin resistance.

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Insulin Resistance ; Kidney ; drug effects ; pathology ; Kidney Glomerulus ; drug effects ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Sodium Glutamate ; toxicity

Objective:To establish and validate an LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of Aβ 1-42, Aβ 1-40, and Aβ 1-38 in cerebrospinal fluid. Additionally, the consistency between this method and three mainstream detection methods was evaluated.Methods:This study involved method establishment, validation, and consistency evaluation. The N15 labeled β-amyloid protein was used as the internal standard. Extraction was performed using Waters MCX 96-wells solid phase extraction plate, and the eluent was collected to QuanRecovery MaxPeak 700 μl plate. At the positive ion mode, the multi-reaction ion monitoring mode based on electric spray ionization is chosen for the determination of CSF Aβ 1-42, Aβ 1-40, and Aβ 1-38. Referring to the CLSI C62-A and EP-15A3 guidelines, the method is evaluated and verified, including quantitation of limit (LOQ), linearity, recovery, precision, and accuracy. In addition, a total of 57 clinical residual CSF samples were collected and the concentrations of Aβ 1-42 and Aβ 1-40 were determined based on manual INNOTEST ELISA assay and Lumipulse G and Roche Elecsys fully automated biochemical analyzers. The comparison analysis and deviation evaluation were conducted by passing-bablok and Bland Altman methods.Results:The analysis time of this method is 8 min, and the LOQ of Aβ 1-42, Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-38 is 0.1 ng/ml, 0.5 ng/ml, and 0.1 ng/ml, respectively, and the linear range can meet the needs of clinical detection. Respectively, the recovery is 86.2%-93.8%, 100.9%-103.9% and 103.3%-107.1%; the total imprecision is 4.7%-7.4%, 3.5%-4.6% and 5.2%-10.9%. The measured values of Aβ 1-42 certified reference materials are all within the allowable uncertainty requirements. Moreover, the carryover rate of three analytes was all≤0.11%. In addition, the correlations of Aβ 1-42 and Aβ1-40 in CSF between this LC-MS/MS method and the INNOTEST ELISA method, Lumipulse G and Roche Elecsys fully automated biochemical analyzers were all deemed good, with correlation coefficient (r) ranging from 0.920 to 0.970. However, the measured values between the four methods were remarkably different.Conclusion:We established and validated a robust method based on LC-MS/MS technology for simultaneous determination of Aβ 1-42, Aβ 1-40, and Aβ 1-38 in CSF. The method is accurate, simple, and suitable for clinical measurements. However, despite good correlations, there were substantial differences in the measurement results of Aβ 1-42 and Aβ 1-40 among different analytical platforms, indicating the need for further promotion of harmonization and standardization processes for AD classic biomarkers.