Fresh healthy human erythrocytes were treated by four kinds of bile acid solutions (DC, GDC, C, and GC) at physiological and pathological concentrations of human plasma, and the membrane proteins, enzyme activities and permeability of cations were observed. The results showed that some components of the membrane cytoskeleton proteins disappeared, the activities of total ATPase and Gr-ATPase were distinctly increased with the increasing of bile acid concentrations, the activity of the membrane acetylcholinesterase was decreased with the increasing bile acid concentrations, the permeability of cations was increased with the increasing bile acid concentrations. The effect of the dihydroxy bile acids more stronger than that of the trihydroxy bile acids.

The nomenclature of congenital auricular malformations is complex and confusing, which brings great inconvenience to clinical work and scientific research. This study comprehensively summarized and sorted out the existing Chinese and English names of congenital auricular malformations, providing reference basis for the scientific classification and clinical treatment of congenital auricular malformations. Sixty-seven papers on the topic of congenital auricle malformations were collected from databases such as CNKI, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect by using the PRISMA method. The two core issues of morphological and anatomical naming and classification of congenital auricle malformations were sorted and summarized based on these articles. In this study, the existing Chinese and English names of congenital auricular malformations were summarized, and a preliminary classification was made at the morphological and anatomical levels, and the embryological origin of the external auricle and its substructures was elaborated. Based on the result of this study, a comprehensive analysis can be conducted on the malformations of the ear structures and their embryological origins in order to explore the etiology of congenital ear malformations. It is expected that scientific and standardized naming and classification method can be developed, and reasonable and effective standardized treatment can be formulated for congenital auricular malformations based on this study.

The nomenclature of congenital auricular malformations is complex and confusing, which brings great inconvenience to clinical work and scientific research. This study comprehensively summarized and sorted out the existing Chinese and English names of congenital auricular malformations, providing reference basis for the scientific classification and clinical treatment of congenital auricular malformations. Sixty-seven papers on the topic of congenital auricle malformations were collected from databases such as CNKI, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect by using the PRISMA method. The two core issues of morphological and anatomical naming and classification of congenital auricle malformations were sorted and summarized based on these articles. In this study, the existing Chinese and English names of congenital auricular malformations were summarized, and a preliminary classification was made at the morphological and anatomical levels, and the embryological origin of the external auricle and its substructures was elaborated. Based on the result of this study, a comprehensive analysis can be conducted on the malformations of the ear structures and their embryological origins in order to explore the etiology of congenital ear malformations. It is expected that scientific and standardized naming and classification method can be developed, and reasonable and effective standardized treatment can be formulated for congenital auricular malformations based on this study.

A 31-year-old man sought medical evaluation for a 2-year history of edema and proteinuria, with prior pathology suggesting atypical membranous nephropathy (MN). Despite treatment with a combination of steroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and four courses of rituximab (1 g, intravenous injection), the patient′s nephrotic syndrome showed no relief (24 h urine protein peaked at 31.18 g/d), indicating refractory nephrotic syndrome. Later in the disease course, a sudden surge of creatinine level (322.5 μmol/L) prompted a renal biopsy, which revealed concurrent acute interstitial nephritis. Further treatment involving steroids, cyclophosphamide, and a fifth rituximab infusion (1 g, intravenous injection) resulted in improvement in renal function (serum creatinine: 322.5?147 μmol/L), but the MN failed to achieve partial relief. Subsequent treatment with the novel humanized CD20 monoclonal antibody obinutuzumab (1 g, intravenous injection) was initiated. In the latest follow-up, anti-phospholipase-A2-receptor antibody (PLA2R) antibody were negative, B cells were eliminated, serum albumin was 36 g/L, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio was 4 810 mg/g, and serum creatinine was 162 μmol/L. This case underscores the potential efficacy of obinutuzumab in refractory MN. For advanced MN cases, prompt identification of the cause of acute kidney injury is crucial, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to potentially stall renal function decline.

Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19