Short range radio communication based on non-standard protocol is suitable for transmission in short distance,for it's low cost,power consumption and easy-to-develop.So,an individual healthcare monitoring system is designed on the basis of non-standard wireless communication chip nRF24L01.When compared with that of standard wireless communication,the system is gifted with higher performance,lower power consumption,and better communication capability.

Several short range radio communication standards get involved in, including non-standard protocol radio, Bluetooth protocol, Zigbee protocol. The present situation, particularly the advantages and disadvantages of medical monitoring systems based on short range radio communication in China and other countries are discussed. New technology and standard in this field, and their effects on medical monitoring system are also available.

Objective To explore the effect of GABA on the bionomics of cholangiocarcinoma cell QBC939. Methods The proliferation of QBC939 cells was investigated by MTT. The telomerase activity of QBC939 ceils was examined by modified PCR-ELISA assay. Transwell cell culture chamber assay in vitro was used to detect the ability of invasion of cholangiocarcinoma QBC939. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) mRNA and enzymatic activity of QBC939 cells were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and gelatin zymography, respectively. Results GABA at all tested concentration inhibited the growth and proliferation of QBC939 cells in a time-independent manner, Telomerase activity was inhibited by GABA [(0.82 ± 0.05) vs. (0.56 ± 0.05), (P<0.05)]. GABA inhibited tumor cells' trans-Matrigel ability (at 100 μmol/L GABA, cell's number decreased from 60 ± 10 to 43 ±4, P<0.05) ,and significantly inhibited the activity and expression of MMP(MMP-2、MMP- 9) in a dose dependent way. Conclusions GABA can inhibit the growth、invasion and metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma QBC939. The down-regulation of the activity of Telomerase and MMP may be involved inthis mechanism.

Objective To explore the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of cholangiocarcinoma cell line QBC_(939). Methods Cholangiocarcinoma cell line QBC_(939) was cultured via routine methods, and was treated with different concentrations of GABA (1, 10,100, 1000 μmol/L, test group) or with complete culture medium (control group). The effects of GABA on the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of cholangiocarcinoma cell line QBC_(939) were investigated by MTT assay, flow cytometry and Transwell cell culture chamber assay, respectively. The effects of GABA on the activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) secreted by cholangiocarcinoma cells were analyzed by gelatin zymogram, and the content of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) was measured by radioimmunoassay. All data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Results As the GABA concentration increased from 1 μmol/L to 1000 μmol/L, the inhibition rate of GABA on cholangiocarcinoma cell line QBC_(939) was increased from 2.6% to 26.8%, and the apoptosis rate also increased from 4.80%±0.04% to 28.03% ±0.01%. The number of cholangiocarcinoma cells that migrated through the Matrigel gel decreased from 60±10 to 43±4, in a dose-dependent manner (F = 7. 883, 83.765, 7. 598, P <0.05). The activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was decreased. The content of intracellular cAMP was increased, and there was significant difference in the content of intracellular cAMP between test and control groups (F =9.507, 9.148, 27.418, P < 0.05). Conclusions GABA can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of cholangiocarcinoma cell line QBC_(939) cells by promoting the apoptosis and inhibiting the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9. The process may be mediated by the information transmission of post-receptor.

Objective To compare the safety and effectiveness of duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection (DPPHR) with pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD) in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis with a pancreatic head mass.Methods Medline,Biosis,Cochrane Library,Science Citation Index Database,CBM Database,Wan Fang and CNKI were searched systematically.The bias risk of the included trials was assessed according to the assessing tools as suggested by the Cochrane Handbook.Review Manage 5.2 was used to perform the statistical analysis.Results 7 RCTs with 226 patients were included in the meta-analysis which showed that there were no significant differences between PPPD and DPPHR in overall postoperative morbidity,postoperative hospital stay,complete pain relief,pancreatic fistula,exocrine insufficiency,symptom score at 5 to 7-year follow-up,and quality of life score at 14 to 15-year follow-up (P ＞ 0.05).While DPPHR had significant superiorities in operation time,blood replacement,delayed gastric emptying,occupational rehabilitation after the operations,weight gain,quality of life score at 1 to 2-year follow-up,symptom score at 5 to 7-year follow-up,and physical functioning score at 14 to 15-year follow-up.Conclusions DPPHR is more favourable than PPPD in reducing the use of blood replacement,shortening operation time,delayed gastric emptying,occupational rehabilitation after the operations,weight gain,physical functioning,and in improving quality of life of patients.

Objective To explore the methods of diagnosis and appropriate treatment of pancreatic duct stone.Methods Clinical data of 16 patients with pancreatic duct stone from March,2005 to August,2009 were analyzed retrospectively.Results 15 patients presented with varying degrees of upper abdominal pain,another one with irregular diarrhea.Serum and urine amylase level was higher than the upper limit of normal level in 3 patients;serum glucose was elevated in 4 patients.The diagnostic accuracy by Bultrasonography,CT,MRI,ERCP and KUB was 93.8%(15/16),68.8% (11/16),57.1% (4/7);100%(2/2) and 50% (3/6),respectively.2 cases underwent endoscopic pancreatic sphincterotomy + pancreatic stent drainage,14 cases were treated with surgery,including transpancreatic duct lithotomy + pancreatic jejunal anastomosis in 12 cases,pancreatoduodenectomy in 1 ease,and pancreatic body and tail resection +pancreatic jejunal Roux-en-Y anastomosis in one case.All operations were successful without mortality,and abdominal pain was significantly improved.Follow up of 14 cases showed no stone recurrence.Two patients were lost in follow up,so the follow up rate was 87.5% with the duration ranging from 1 to 53 months.Conclusions B-ultrasonography was the best imaging examination for pancreatic duet stone,but the combined application of imaging tests could significantly improve the diagnostic yield,and imaging examination provided an important basis for the choice of treatment method.With the improvement of endoscopic techniques,ERCP will be as important as surgery for the treatment of pancreatic duct stone.

Objective To observe the pathological changes of tissues of the injured bile duct, and to provide theoretical basis for bile duct repair. Methods Dog models of obstructive biliary injury were established.Sixty dogs were equally divided into five groups according to the duration of biliary obstruction: biliary obstruction for 5 days (BDL5 group), 10 days (BDL10 group), 15 days (BDL15 group), 20 days (BDL20 group) and 30 days (BDL30 group). The morphological and pathological changes of bile duct and local tissues were observed, and biliary-enteric Roux-en-Y anastomosis was applied to repair the injured bile duct and postoperative complications were observed. All data were analyzed by LSD test, independent sample t test, one-way analysis of variance and chi-square test. Results Proximal bile duct rapidly expanded as the pressure increased in the early stage, and the bile duct expanded to ( 15.6 ± 1.8)mm in the BDL10 group. The expansion rate decreased in the later stage,and the bile duct expanded to (18.9 ± 1.9)mm in the B DL15 group. Acute inflammation was observed in injured local tissues. The acute inflammation was severe in the BDL5 group with white blood cell count of 54 ± 6, and the acute inflammation was relatively mild in the BDL15 group with white blood cell count of 42 ± 7. There was a significant difference between the BDL5 group and BDL15 group in the degree of acute inflammation (t =4. 688,P ＜ 0. 05). The content of the collagen was increased in the injured bile duct as time passed by. Bile duct repair was successfully performed on 57 dogs. Ten dogs ( three in the BDL5 group, four in the BDL10 group, one in the BDL15 group, one in the BDL20 group and one in the BDL30 group) died of bile leakage after the operation. The incidences of bile leakage was 30% (7/23) within 10 days and 9% (3/34) beyond 10 days, with a significant difference between the two groups (x2 =4.429, P＜0.05). Conclusion Ten days after obstructive biliary injury,an obvious reduction of bile duct expansion and edema of the bile duct is observed, the difficulty of the operation is reduced and the incidence of bile leakage is low, so 10 days after the incidence of obstructive biliary injury is the proper timing for the surgical repair.

ObjectiveTo explore diagnosis and surgical treatment of pancreatic duct stone.MethodsClinical data of 21 patients with pancreatic duct stone was analyzed retrospectively. All patients were diagnosed definitely by B-ultrasonography,CT and MRI, the positive rates were 90.5％( 19/21 ),66.7％(14/21) and 55.6％ (5/9) respectively, 15 cases did transpancreatic duct lithotomy and pancreatico-intestinal anastomosis, 1 case excised the tail of pancreas simultaneously, 1 case did pancreaticoduodenectomy, 4 cases treated by endoscopy. ResultsAll operations succeeded, 1 case occurred with pancreatic leakage after a small amount of discharge tube, 1 case appeared acute pancreatitis after endoscopic treatment,who was discharged after conservative treatment. Following up 19 cases from 4 to 72 months, the symptom was released, no stone relapsed,6 cases with mild catarrhal dysentry. ConclusionB-ultrasonography, CT can basically make definite diagnosis for pancreatic duct stone, and B-ultrasonography has higher rate of diagnosis, transpancreatic duct lithotomy and pancreatico-intestinal anastomosis are the main surgical treatments, endoscopy is the method to treat pancreatic duct stone.

Objective To study the use of a preoperative predictive scoring system established by the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center,Washington University School of Medicine and Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania for patients with clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) after pancreaticoduodenectomy.Methods The clinical data of 394 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy at the Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University from September 2007 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.The four indexes including the gland texture,pathology,pancreatic duct diameter and intraoperative blood loss were calculated for the predictive score system using the logistic regression test.The factors associated with CR-POPF were analyzed.The sensitivity and specificity of the predictive scoring system were determined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.Results Of the 70 patients who were diagnosed to have postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF),34 were CR-POPF,which included 36 with grade A,23 with grade B and 11 with grade C.Univariate analysis showed that male,preoperative serum total bilirubin level ≥ 170 mmol/L,pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer,portal vein invasion,soft pancreatic texture,main pancreatic duct diameter ≤ 3 mm,and pancreaticojejunostomy were significantly related to POPF after pancreaticoduodenectomy (P ＜ 0.05).Portal vein invasion,pancreatic texture and main pancreatic duct diameter were the risk factors of CR-POPF after pancreaticoduodenectomy (P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate analysis showed the independent risk factors associated with POPF were male,preoperative serum total bilirubin level ≥ 170 mmol/L,soft pancreatic texture and main pancreatic duct diameter ≤3 mm (P ＜ 0.05),while soft pancreatic texture and main pancreatic duct diameter ≤3 mm were the independent risk factors of CR-POPF (P ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences in the clinical relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula rates among the negligible risk,low risk,intermediate risk,and high risk patients with CR-POPF (P ＜ 0.05).The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the sensitivity and specificity of the Fistula Risk Scoring system were 76.5％ and 95.8％,respectively.The nomogram showed the area under the curve was 0.913 (95％ CI:O.858 ～ 0.968).Conclusion The preoperative predictive scoring system accurately predicted the occurrence of CR-POPF.

Objective To evaluate the treatment of gastroentero-pancreatic neuroendcorine neoplasms with liver metastasis.Methods Two gastroentero-pancreatic neuroendcorine neoplasms with liver metastases treated at Anhui Provincial Hospital Affliated of Anhui Medical University were analyzed retrospectively.Results In first patient liver metastases from duodenal papilla neuroendocrine neoplasm was treated by four courses of TACE until the liver metastases completely disappeared.The patient then underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy to eradicate the primary tumor.The patient was followed up for 2 years and was doing well.In second patient, liver metastasis, noted four years after distal pancreatectomy for a neuroendocrine tumor, was initially managed by high dosage of octreotide and sunitinib.After these attempts failed, the patient received a liver transplantation four years ago and was followed up until March 1, 2015 without tumor recurrence.Conclusion Liver metastasis of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendcorine neoplasms responds positively to liver transplant with pretty good prognosis.