Objective To explore the clinical utilization value of regional blood flow fluorescence visualization in selective arterial clamping robotic partial nephrectomy.Methods 12 cases of robotic partial nephrectomy with indocyanine green-based regional blood flow fluorescence visualization selective arterial clamping between October 2016 and June 2017 by our team were retrospectively analyzed.There were 9 males and 3 females with age between 36-78 years,mean age(51.2 ± 11.0) years,BMI 20.1-36.2 kg/m2,mean of (25.6 ± 4.8) kg/m2,tumor diameter 2.0-5.1 cm,mean of(3.3 ± 0.9) cm,and R.E.N.A.L.score 4-10,mean(7.3 ± 2.0).Preoperative renal function status of eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) was 82-133 ml/(min · 1.73 m2),mean (101.9 ± 13.7)ml/(min · 1.73 m2) and split ECT-GFR of 44.5-70.6 ml/min,mean of(53.8 ± 8.5) ml/min in operated kidney;48.2-71.1 ml/min,mean of(56.8 ±6.8) ml/min in contralateral kidney;in total,92.7-139.1 ml/min,mean of(109.8 ± 14.6)ml/min.Perioperative information including operative time,blood loss,warm ischemia time,surgical complications,pathologic outcomes and follow-up data of included patients were analyzed.Results All procedures were done smoothly without open or radical conversion,with operative time of 95-203 min,mean of (170.6 ±38.6)min,and estimated blood loss of 60-1 000 ml,mean of(178.3 ± 206.9)ml.According to the visualize uptake of fluorescence imaging perfusion area visualization after selective arterial clamping,1 case underwent unclamping robotic partial nephrectomy,1 case converted to main renal artery clamping with warm ischemia time of 18 min,10 cases performed via renal arterial branch clamping with an average ischemia time of (25.5 ± 10.5) (range 17-46)min,1 of which due to parenchymal bleeding obscuring visualization necessitated clamping of the main renal artery with 1000 ml blood loss,46 min of arterial branch occlusion and 16 min of main artery clamping.The average postoperative hospital stay was (5.8 ± 0.9) (range 5-8)days,and the duration of drainage was (3.5 ± 0.5) (range 3-4) days.No postoperative complications occurred.Postoperative pathology:all margins were all negative,11 cases of clear cell carcinoma,eosinophilic adenoma in 1 case.The average eGFR of 9 cases of renal arterial branch clamping was (94.5 ±22.5)(range 56-140)ml/(min · 1.73 m2) at discharge with a 5％ percentage decrease versus preoperative level.Among them,4 cases obtained with ECT-GFR data 1 month postoperatively had a mean of(37.6 ±13.2)(range 20.8-55.8) ml/min with 29％ percentage decrease on the surgical side,an average of (58.5 ± 6.9) (range 51.2-68.4) ml/min with 2％ compensatory increase of the contralateral side,and (98.7 ± 16.2) (range 79.3-124.3) ml/min in total with a 10.4％ overall decrease.Conclusions The visualization of blood flow imaging based on indocyanine green fluorescence can clearly and intuitively show the effect of branching arterial occlusion in robotic partial nephrectomy,guide the optimization of surgical resection strategy,and improve safety and clinical outcome.

Objective To investigate the safety and efficiency of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) for totally intrarenal tumors (TITs).Methods Thirty-eight patients who underwent RAPN for treating TITs by one experienced surgeon were included between August 2012 and December 2017.There were 25 males and 13 females,aged 26-72 years(mean 51.6 years).Tumors of 24 cases were in right kidney,and 14 cases in left kidney.The diameter of tumor was(3.12 ± 0.92) cm,the R.E.N.A.L.score was(9.76 ± 1.00),and the Scr was (74.82 ± 20.32) μmol/L.Patients' peri-operative and oncological outcomes were analyzed.Results All the tumors were successfully resected without conversion to open surgery or radical nephrectomy.Mean operative time and ischemia time were (188.47 ± 46.75) min and (24.32 ± 7.69) min.Mean blood loss was (115.79 ± 43.66) rrd.One-week postoperative Scr was (85.97 ± 28.33) μmol/L.Postoperative hemorrhage was successfully treated by DSA or drug therapy in 3 patients.The pathological examination showed 28 clear cell renal cell carcinomas,3 chromophobe renal cell carcinomas,3 TFE-3 infusion related renal cell carcinomas,2 metanephric adenomas,1 acidophile adenoma and 2 angioleiomyolipomas.One positive surgical margin occurred in RAPN group for cystic components.No evidence of tumor progression observed during follow-up.Conclusions RAPN is safe and effective in treating TITs when performed by an experienced surgeon at a high-volume institution.Further prospective and large-scale study was warranted to evaluate the long-term outcomes.