Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome(PSIS), as a rare congenital defect manifesting with varying degrees of pituitary hormone deficiency, its diagnosis is frequently delayed in clinical practice for the signs and symptoms during the neonatal period and infancy are often overlooked. The typical features of PSIS can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging. Several genes in Wnt, Notch, and Shh signaling pathways that related to hypothalamic-pituitary development, have been found to be associated with this rare syndrome. Nevertheless, the etiology in the majority of cases still remains unknown.In this review, we provide an overview of clinical features of PSIS and summarize our current understanding of its etiology. Furthermore, we propose future research directions for it. This manuscript is a Chinese translation version of review article entitled Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome: from clinical findings and pathogenesis in Journal of Neuroendocrinlogy[Journal of Neuroendocrinology,2017,29(1):DOI : 10.1111/jne.12451]. The authors have attained permissions from Journal of Neuroendocrinology and John Wiley and Sons Ltd.

0.05). While the length of penetration had statistical differences between 0.02 tapered angle group and 0.06 tapered angle group (P

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) for hypertensive heart dis-ease combined with systolic heart failure. Methods Two patients (mean age 35 years) with hypertensive heart disease com-bined with systolic heart failure on maximal tolerated heart failure therapy underwent bilateral renal denervation. Echocar-diography, the six minute walk distance, renal function, glycosylated hemoglobin and NT-proBNP were assessed at baseline and 1 year after renal denervation. Results Renal artery angiography showed that no stenosis and dissection. After 1 year follow up, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), six minute walk distance and NT-proBNP were significantly im-proved, and the size of left ventricular decreased. Conclusion RDN is effective and feasible for the treatment in patients with hypertensive heart disease and systolic heart failure.

Objective:To observe the color change of tooth i nduced by hydrogen peroxide gel. Method:12 extracted teeth were randomly assigned to two groups (n=6) and treated with 350 g/L and 75 g/L hy drogen peroxide gel respectively. One of the 6 samples in each group was used as the control. The bleaching gel was placed onto the enamel surface of the sample s. In 350 g/L gel group digital photographs were taken just before,10 and 30 min after the process, in 75 g/L gel group digital photographs were taken before an d 1.5?N(N=0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7) hours after the process respectively. All photograph s were taken at the same illuminating conditions and photographic parameters wer e analyzed with Photoshop7.0 software. Results:10.5 h after trea tment in the 75 g/L gel group L *, a * and b * values on the teeth surface were in creased(+) or decreased(-) by +4.5,-1.4 and -0.5,those on the inner sections 2.7 ,-1.0 and -0.8,respectively. 30 min after treatment in the 350 g/L gel group L *, a * and b * values on the teeth surfaces were increased(+) or decreased (-) by +1.9,-0.6 and 0,those on the inner sections +0.4,-0.4 and -0.6,respectively. Conclusion:Effective bleaching effect may be obtained in 10~30 min b y 75 g/L or 350 g/L hydrogen peroxide gel on teeth surface and in inner dentin. 75 g/L hydrogen peroxide bleaching gel may produce more reliable and save effect than 350 g/L.

Objective To study the relationship between the number of examined lymph nodes and the prognosis of colorectal cancer by TNM stage. Methods According to the number of examined lymph nodes, 567 patients of colorectal carcinoma who underwent resection were divided into three groups: ≤ 6,7-11 and ≥ 12, the 5-year overall survival rates of three groups were compared. For each TNM stage ( stage Ⅰ -Ⅳ ) , patients were substratified into two groups basing on the number of examined lymph nodes:<12 group and ≥12 group, the 5-year survival rates of two groups in each TNM stage were assessed, and prognostic factors of stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ stage were analyzed. 5-year survival curves were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. Cox proportional models were used to conduct multivariate analyses of prognostic factors. Results The average number of examined lymph nodes was 16. 75 ±9. 88. With the patients grouped by the number of lymph nodes ( ≤6,7 -11 and ≥12 nodes) , the 5-year survival rate was 32. 3% , 43. 8% , and 57. 7% , the univariable analysis indicated that the 5-year survival rate of ≥ 12 examined nodes were significantly higher than the other groups (P<0. 05). There was no difference between two groups in the 5-year survival rates of stage Ⅰ or Ⅳ colorectal cancer (89. 5% vs.89. 1% ,8. 0% vs. 18. 2% , P>0. 05 ) , however, the 5-year survival rates of stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ colorectal cancer in ≥12 group were significantly higher than<12 group(71. 1% vs. 32. 6% ,48. 8% vs. 30. 0% ,P<0. 05) , multivariable analysis revealed that the number of lymph nodes examined was an independent factor of prognosis of stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ colorectal cancer. Conclusions The number of examined lymph nodes significantly influenced the 5-year overall survival rate of TNM stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ colorectal cancer.

ObjectiveTo explore the PBL mode in training students' ability,improve the quality of teaching effect,in the teaching of Clinical therapeutic ultrasound and the teaching method based on problems with discussion method.MethodsTo 31 subjects of study who were randomly divided into five groups,each 6 people,a PBL teaching mode was used for 12 periods by proposing and study,group discussion,the whole class exchange and commenting on summary.ResultsThe survey shows that 93.6％ students think the teachers' design has gained their ends,71％ students are impressed by the knowlege and 96.8％ of the students show the good learning attitude,64.5％ of the students raised their interest in learning,which shows teaching results are effective.ConclusionPBL mode is superior to LBL teaching mode in training students' ability,improving the quality of teaching effect.

A single factor duplicate test was designed to investigate whether bovine recombinded resistin impacts the expression of pyruvate carboxylase (PC) mRNA and the activity of PC in vitro culture bovine hepatocyte.Bovine recombinded resistin was added to the media with 0,25,50,100,200 and 400 ng/L.Abundance of PC mRNA in bovine hepatocyte,which was cultured with bovine recombinded resistin for 12 hours,was determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR,and activity of PC was determined by colourimetry.The results showed that bovine recombinded resistin could downregulate the expression of PC mRNA and the activity of PC in vitro culture bovine hepatocyte.

Objective To study the risk factors of severe hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) among children.Methods The clinical data of 1 570 children with HFMD at Linyi People's Hospital in Shandong Province in 2011 were collected,retrospectively.The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate Logistic regression.Results The mean age of severe HFMD (including severe and critical HFMD) was (25.0± 14.0) months old,predominantely aged between 1 and 5 years old,while mild HFMD was (27.1±15.8) months (t'=-2.717,P=0.007).There were 61.0％ and 65.9％ boys in two groups,respectively (x2 =3.894,P=0.048).Fever,convulsion,tremor,nausea and vomiting were more frequently seen in severe HFMD.The neutrophil count and the level of creatine kinase in severe HFMD were both significantly higher than that in mild HFMD.Univariate analysis revealed that age (odds ratio [OR]=1.799,95％CI:0.984-1.997),girl sex (OR=1.234,95％CI:1.001-1.522),high fever (OR=2.110,95％CI:1.816-2.452),convulsion (OR=1.878,95％CI:1.578-2.236),nausea and vomiting (OR=1.760,95％CI:1.456-2.128),neutrophil count (OR=1.031,95％CI:1.025-1.037) and creatine kinase (OR=1.002,95％CI:1.001-1.003) were risk factors for severe HFMD.Multivariate Logistic regression showed that high fever (OR =1.751,95％ CI:1.487-2.062),convulsion (OR=1.451,95％CI:1.204-1.749),nausea and vomiting (OR=1.269,95％CI:1.027-1.568),neutrophil count (OR=1.028,95％CI:1.021-1.035) were independent risk factors.Conclusions Body temperature,neurological manifestations and trend of neutrophil counts should be carefully monitored in children with HFMD.Prevention of the development of severe HFMD mainly relies on the identification of risk factors and adoption of precautions in time.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of incision infection in elderly patients of general surgery.Methods The clinical data of 306 elderly patients of general surgery were analyzed retrospectively.The risk factors of incision infection were analyzed.Results The rate of incision infection was 10.5％ (32/306).The rate of incision infection in chronic disease patients was higher than that in non-chronic disease patients [12.9％(27/210) vs.5.2％(5/96)],the rate of incision infection in summer was significantly higher than that in spring,autumn and winter[16.3％(15/92) vs.8.4％(7/83),8.5％(6/71) and 6.7％ (4/60)],the rate of incision infection in operative time longer than 120 min patients was higher than that in operative time less than 120 min patients [15.0％ (18/120) vs.7.5％ (14/186)],the rate of incision infection in emergency surgery patients was higher than that in non-emergency surgery patients [12.3％ (20/162) vs.8.3％(12/144)],there had significantly difference (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Chronic disease,summer,operative time longer than 120 min,emergency surgery in elderly patients are the mainly risk factors of incision infection in general surgery.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution features and clinical significance of allergens in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS). METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed in 136 cases of CRS. Allergen features were compared in the two subtypes of CRS: chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps(CRSwNP) and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps(CRSsNP). Differences of allergens features of CRS were analyzed, and they were compared to the allergens of 36 patients with allergic rhinitis(AR). RESULTS The total allergen positive rate in CRS was 48.5％. The allergen positive rate, distribution proportion of inhaled and food allergens, distribution proportion of allergens subsets, distribution proportion of single and multiple allergens between two subtypes of CRS had no significant difference(P >0.05). The major allergens of CRS were single inhaled allergens(84.8％). Some CRS patients were allergic to food allergen(9.1％). The minority allergens of CRS were a mixture of inhaled and food allergens(6.1％). Compared to AR, the distribution proportion of inhaled and food allergens(χ2=14.801, P =0.001), the distribution proportion of allergens subsets(χ2=12.951, P=0.005), and the distribution proportion of single and multiple allergens(χ2=9.067, P=0.003) had significant difference. CONCLUSION The allergen positive rate of CRS is much higher than the prevalence of allergic diseases in general population, suggesting that allergic factors may be closely correlated to the pathogenesis of CRS. The clinical features of allergens are similar in the two subtypes of CRS, while there are significant differences in allergen distribution between CRS and AR patients. The detection of allergens may be helpful in prevention and treatment of CRS.