0.05).There was significant difference at 6 h,24 h and 1 week(P

BACKGROUND: Oyster shell has been recently reported as a new root canal filling material; therefore, it needs primary biological evaluation, i.e., cytotoxicity test and genotoxicity test, before clinical application. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of oyster shell powder. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A contrast observational study was performed at the Materials Laboratory, School of Stomatology of Peking University from April to July 2008. MATERIALS: Oyster shell powder was provided by Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; L929 cell strain and Salmonella typhimurium TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA102 were provided by the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products. METHODS: Oyster shell diffusion was prepared based on the times of 0.5, 1, and 2. According to the standards of biological evaluation of dental materials, the cytotoxity and genotoxicity of oyster shell were evaluated with molecule filter test and Ames test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fading area of the film induced by succinic dehydrogenase and amount of spontaneous revertants. RESULTS: After 2 hours, the results indicated that fading area of the film in the experimental group was the same as negative control, i.e., fading was not found in the film, and cytotoxicity was grade 0. After 24 hours, diameter of non-stained film was 1.0-2.0 mm, fading area was 1-3 mm2, and cytotoxicity was grade 1, suggesting that the material had light cytotoxity that was still qualified. The spontaneous revertant test indicated that the mutagenicity of experimental groups was no more than 2 times of the control groups, suggesting there was no dose-dependence. CONCLUSION: Oyster shell powder has no cytotoxicity and genotoxicity on the organism.

Objective To explore the experience in the treatment of postoperative reocclusion in patients of lower limb arterial occlusion.Methods From January 2007 to December 2011,clinical data were reviewed on 98 reocclusion episodes in 70 patients,who had been treated by graft bypass (30 patients),or angioplasty (15 patients) or both (25 patients).In this series,10 cases received conservative treatment and to the other 88 episodes reoperation was given,including thrombectomy alone in 15 episodes,and thrombectomy combined with microcatheter application for 13 episodes,and thrombectomy combined with angioplasty and microcatheter application for 60 episodes.Results Two patients died during follow-up period and 5 patients were lost to follow-up including 2 receiving conservative treatment.The other 63 patients were followed-up for 8 to 60 months,averaging (24 ± 5) months.The arterial patency in patients receiving reoperation treatment was 69.8％ (44 patients) and the amputation rate was 12.7％ (8 patients).Conclusions For postoperative recurrent arterial occlusion in patients of lower limb arterial occlusion,thrembectomy combined with angioplasty and microcatheter application may generate satisfactory results,

Objective To invetigate the clinical effect of Guyouling Liniment in the treatment of soft tissue contusion.Methods Sixty-three cases of soft tissue contusion in our hospital from October 2012 to January 2014 were selected and divided into the treatment group (n=32)and control group(n=31).The treatment group were treated with Guyouling Liniment and the control group adopted Indomethacin Liniment.The effects were compared between the two groups.Results Twenty-six cases(81.13％) in the treatment group were cured and 30 cases (93.75％) were effective;23 cases(74.19％) in the control group were cured and 27 cases (87.10％) were effective.The clinical effect of the treatment group was better than that of the control group with statistical difference(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the pain degree and stasis purple area in the treatment group were significantly alleviated,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Guyouling Liniment has significant effect in the treatment of soft tissue contusion and is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) for hypertensive heart dis-ease combined with systolic heart failure. Methods Two patients (mean age 35 years) with hypertensive heart disease com-bined with systolic heart failure on maximal tolerated heart failure therapy underwent bilateral renal denervation. Echocar-diography, the six minute walk distance, renal function, glycosylated hemoglobin and NT-proBNP were assessed at baseline and 1 year after renal denervation. Results Renal artery angiography showed that no stenosis and dissection. After 1 year follow up, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), six minute walk distance and NT-proBNP were significantly im-proved, and the size of left ventricular decreased. Conclusion RDN is effective and feasible for the treatment in patients with hypertensive heart disease and systolic heart failure.

Objective:To observe the effect of “bulk-fill”flowable resin in filling deep wedge-shaped defects.Methods:50 pa-tients with totally 85 pairs of premolars with deep wedge-shaped defects(depth >2 mm)were included.Each pair of the defects was randomly divided into the test group and the control group,the defects were treated by “bulk-fill”flowable resin with single cure tech-nique and conventional flowable resin with incremental layering technique respectively,the tooth sensitive rate 1 week after filling,the filling failure rate,the edge coloring and secondary caries rate 2 years after filling of the 2 groups were compared.Results:There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the sensitive rate 1 week after filling,the failure rate and the edge coloring and sec-ondary caries rate 2 years after filling(P >0.05).Conclusion:The “bulk-filled”flowable resin using single cure technique can ac-quire the same clinical effect as conventional flowable resin using incremental layering technique in filling deep wedge-shaped defects.

Objective:To investigate the effects of LPS on the IL-6 expression in osteoblasts.Methods:Rat calvarial osteoblasts were primarily cultured. LPS from Escherichia coli with different concentration were administrated. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to identify the IL-6 mRNA expression of the cells. The intensities of electrophoresis bands were measured. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect IL-6 protein production. The data were analyzed with SPSS 10.0 software package.Results:E. coli LPS with concentrations of 1?10-5 g/L-1?10-3 g/L induced IL-6 mRNA and IL-6 protein expression in osteoblasts. Statistically significant differences were detected at concentrations 1?10-4,1?10-3 g/L E.coli LPS.Conclusion:LPS can increase the expression of IL-6 in osteoblasts in the gene and protein levels. IL-6 may play an important role in the alveolar bone metabolism.

Objective This study reports the early and late results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and intravascular stenting for atherosclerotic stenosis of the iliac artery. Methods From December 1994 to February 2000, we performed iliac artery angioplasty and primary intravascular stent placement in 42 vessel of 31 patients (23 men and 8 women; mean age, 70.5 years). A total of 44 self expanding Wallstents ( Boston Schneider, Inc. ) were deployed. All patients underwent angioplasty and stent placement successfully. Results Clinical follow up was available for all patients at a mean of (36?13) months. All patients with clinical ischemic category (claudication or rest pain) were improved. Angiographic follow up with completed data are available for 20 of 31 patients at a mean follow up of (10?5) months. The iliac artery restenosis rate was 2%(1/42). The patients again underwent balloon angioplasty successfully. Conclusions PTA and primary stenting of the iliac arteries are effective and safety for treating iliac arterial stenosis,and should be the method of first shoice.

ObjectiveTo explore the PBL mode in training students' ability,improve the quality of teaching effect,in the teaching of Clinical therapeutic ultrasound and the teaching method based on problems with discussion method.MethodsTo 31 subjects of study who were randomly divided into five groups,each 6 people,a PBL teaching mode was used for 12 periods by proposing and study,group discussion,the whole class exchange and commenting on summary.ResultsThe survey shows that 93.6％ students think the teachers' design has gained their ends,71％ students are impressed by the knowlege and 96.8％ of the students show the good learning attitude,64.5％ of the students raised their interest in learning,which shows teaching results are effective.ConclusionPBL mode is superior to LBL teaching mode in training students' ability,improving the quality of teaching effect.

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to evaluate the success and survival rate of endodontically treated premolars restored by ceramic onlays by comparing restored by quartz fiber posts and metal ceramic crowns.

METHODSNinety-four patients with 126 endodontically treated premolars were enrolled in this study and divided into 4 groups according to the remaining axial walls and restorative methods. The observation time was 36 months. The success and survival rates of the restorations, as well as causes of failures, were analyzed.

RESULTSAt the final follow-up, the success and survival rates of the mild defect endodontically treated premolars were restored by quartz fiber posts and the crowns were at 96.3% and 98.1%; the success and survival rates of the severe defect premolars restored by quartz fiber posts and crowns were at 88.5% and 96.2%. The success and survival rates of the mild defect premolars restored by cast ceramic onlays were both at 96.6%, the success and survival rates of the severe defect premolars restored by cast ceramic onlays were at 94.1% and 100%, respectively. The success and survival rates of the different groups were no significant difference (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONBased on the results and within the limits of this study, cast ceramic onlays is a very reliable method to restore endodontically treated premolars.