Objective To investigate a water contamination accident caused by industrial wastewater during Feb 27th-29th ,2004,in Tuojiang river, analyze the variation of sanitary quality of drinking water during and after the accident. Methods After the occurrence of the accident,consecutive surveillance and analyses were done to discover the variation of the levels of amino-nitrogen,nitrite and nitrate in source water and finished water of Jianyang Water Works and Neijiang No 2 Water Works,which located at the lower reaches of Jianyang. Results The levels of amino-nitrogen in source water and finished water of Jianyang Water Works reached the first peak [(47.04?2.48)?(45.97?2.37)mg/L]at the 3rd day(March 3rd) after the end of discharge of industrial wastewater from contamination source,decreased at the 4th day ,reached the second peak at the 5th day[(42.26?2.88)?(39.50?2.64)mg/L], then decreased gradually, presented the normal levels at the 11th day[(0.54?0.10)?(0.30?0.12)mg/L]. The levels of nitrite in source water and finished water of Jianyang Water Works reached the first peak [(2.09?0.23)?(0.91?0.15)mg/L] at the 2 nd-3rd day after the end of discharge of industrial wastewater from contamination source,decreased at the 4th day ,reached the second peak at the 5th day[(2.18?0.33),(0.61?0.16)mg/L], then decreased gradually,presented the normal levels at the 11th day[(0.16?0.07)?(0.02?0.01)mg/L]. The levels of nitrate in source water and finished water of Jianyang Water Works(3.56～9.15 mg/L) didn't exceed the standard ruled the Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water (2001) throughout the duration of accident. The levels of amino-nitrogen and nitrite in source water and finished water of Neijiang No.2 Water Works both exceeded the related standards, the levels of nitrate met the requirement of the Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water (2001) during the period from the first day to the third day after the end of discharge of industrial wastewater from contamination source. From the forth day to the 25 th day, Neijiang No.2 Water Works was changed to be supplied by the Five-star reservoir,and produced safe and sanitary finished water meeting the requirement of the Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water (2001). Conclusion This wastewater contamination accident seriously deteriorates the quality of drinking water in Jianyang and Neijiang.

Objective To study the gene expressions of nestin and stem cell factor(SCF)in neurons after ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat brain. Methods Thirty-six adult female rats were subject to left middle cerebral artery occlusion for 1.5h and different hours of reperfusion. In site hybridization was used to examine the expression of nestin and SCF mRNA in the rats subjected to 2h, 6h, 12h, 24h, 2d, 3d, 7d, 14d of reperfusion and sham-operation group (n=4). Results (1) Nestin expression in cortex, striatum and extraventricular zone was weak in the sham-operation group, and increased markedly in the ischemic hemisphere compared with sham-operation group except of reperfusion 2h in cortex, 2h, 6h in striatum, 2h, 6h and 14d in extraventricular zone. (2)SCF expression in cortex, striatum and extraventricular zone was weak in the sham-operation group, and increased markedly in the ischemic hemisphere compared with sham-operation group except of reperfusion 2h, 6h, 12h in cortex, 2h, 6h in striatum, 2h and 14d in extraventricular zone. Conclusion It is suggested that SCF expression might enhance the proliferation of neural stem cells following ischemia-reperfusion in rats.

AIM: To develope a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid in Shegan Kangbingdu Injection. METHODS: The operation was carried out in the Kromasil ODS column with the mobile phase consisting of a mixture of water-methanol-acetonitril aceti acid(95∶10∶5∶2,v/v),in which the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and UV detection wavelength at 326 nm were set to determine the contents of chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid. RESULTS: There were good linear relations between the concentrations and the peak-areas of chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid.The relative standard deviation of peak areas for chlorogenic acid or caffeic acid were 0.60%,0.32%,respectively.The two kinds of standard solutions were both stable in 16 h(RSD=0.54% for CGA,0.11% for CFA).The average recovery was 100.1%,99.6% for CGA,CFA,repectively.The detectable limit(S/N=3)was 0.012,0.020 mg/L,and the quantitative limit (S/N=10) was 0.037,0.052 mg/L,repectively. CONCLUSION:The method is simple,sensitive,rapid and accurate,and can be used for the quality control of Shegan Kangbingdu Injection

Objective To investigate the changes of blood and urine endothelin levels in the aged patients with primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS) and their clinical significance. Methods The levels of blood and urine endothelin were measured by radioimmunoassay at different stages(active and alleviated stages) in 40 elderly and 40 non elderly patients with PNS and 40 elderly healthy controls(control group). The levels of endothelin in blood and urine of the aged patients with PNS, and serum creatinine(Scr), endogenous creatinine clearance rate(Ccr), 24 hour urinary protein and urinary retinal binding protein(uRBP) were determined. Results The contents of endothelin in blood and urine of the aged PNS patients in the active stage were (229?81) ng/L and (143?58)ng/24 h,which were apparently higher than those in the alleviated stage 〔(60?11) ng/L, (53?13)ng/24 h〕 and the healthy control group〔(53?9) ng/L, (50?14 ng)/24 h, P 0 05). Conclusions Endothelin may be involved in the pathogenesis of the aged PNS. The increased urine endothelin level may be an important factor in glomerulus and tubular damage in the elderly PNS patients.

Objective To observe the effects of expressions of neurocyte adhesion molecule (NCAM) and growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) in neurological function recovery following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Methods The model of focal ischemia-reperfusion in SD rat was induced by intraluminal middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion with a nylon monofilament suture. In situ hybridization (ISH) was performed to examine the expression of NCAM mRNA and GAP-43 mRNA at 2,12 h and 1,2,3,7,14 d after reperfusion and in sham-operated controls. Results There was no functional deficit and little expression of NCAM mRNA and GAP-43 mRNA in brain cells in rats of the sham-operated group. In the experimental group, NCAM mRNA expression was observed after reperfusion for 2 h in cortex and striatum and peaked at 12 h and was still higher at 7 d. The neurological function improved at reperfusion of 3 d~14 d compared to reperfusion 2 h. In the ischemic cortex and striatum, GAP-43 mRNA expression demonstrated "double-peak" at 12 h and 2 d after reperfusion, then decreased gradually to the level of sham-operated group at 14 d. Conclusion The increasing NCAM expression might be an important factor of the neural reparation and GAP-43 might enhance the neurological functional recovery with ischemic brain injury in rat.

OBJECTIVETo study the incorporation rate and release behavior of bovine serum albumin (BSA) incorporated into the calcium phosphate coating by biomimetic deposition, as well as the physical and chemical properties of the hybrid coating, and to provide experimental basis for the fabrication of growth factor/biomimetic calcium phosphate coating and exploration for the loading/release behavior of growth factors.

METHODSPure titanium specimens were immersed into saturated calcium phosphate solutions(SCP) containing no BSA (controlled group) and 3 different concentrations of BSA (experimental groups) : 1, 10 and 100 mg/L. Biomimetic calcium phosphate coating was formed on titanium surface and BSA was incorporated into the coating through co-deposition. The topography of the specimen was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Chemical structure and phase composition of coatings were detected by Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively. BSA incorporation rate and release profile were determined by bicinchoninic acid protein assay kit.

RESULTSThe biomimetic calcium phosphate coating was mainly composed of hydroxyapatite and octacalcium phosphate. BSA was successfully incorporated into the calcium phosphate coatings in all the 3 experimental groups. With the increase of BSA concentration, plate-like units of the coatings were turned into small grid structure. BSA incorporation rates of the three experimental groups were (72.4 ± 2.4)%, (62.3 ± 0.9)% and (42.2 ± 1.7)% respectively. The in vitro release test showed that all three BSA release profiles could be divided into two significant different stages: early burst release stage and later sustained release stage. The amount of BSA release of the 3 experimental groups in 24 h and 30 d were (1.57 ± 0.09), (8.82 ± 0.93), (140.24 ± 3.12) µg, and (2.39 ± 0.29), (14.39 ± 0.70), (151.06 ± 2.00) µg respectively.

CONCLUSIONSBiomimetic calcium phosphate coating can be used as an effective carrier for protein. BSA concentration has an impact on the incorporation rate and release speed of BSA from the calcium phosphate coating. Favorable BSA incorporation rate and release behavior can be obtained at BSA concentration of 10 mg/L.

Biomimetic Materials ; Calcium Phosphates ; chemistry ; Durapatite ; In Vitro Techniques ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; metabolism ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; Surface Properties ; Titanium ; X-Ray Diffraction

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the platelet adhesion ability on pure titanium surfaces modified with different techniques.

METHODSPure titanium specimens were treated with 5 different surface modification techniques, including machine polish (MP), dual acid-etch (DAE), sand blast-large grit and acid-etch (SLA), micro-arc oxidation (MAO) and anodized titania nanotube (TNT). The surface topographies of specimens were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Chemical compositions, surface roughness and static water contact angle of specimens were detected by energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) and contact angle analyzer respectively. Platelets were cultured on specimen surfaces for 30 min. The amount and viability of adhered platelets adhered were evaluated. Platelet distribution and morphology were observed by LSCM and SEM.

RESULTSSurface topographies of the five groups of specimens differed significantly. MP, DAE, SLA and MAO surfaces showed micro-scale topographies, while TNT surfaces showed nano-scale topography with nanotubes at the diameter of (80.46 ± 0.35) nm. The surface roughness of MAO was the highest among the 5 groups. TNT surfaces demonstrated the lowest roughness as well as the lowest static water contact angle as 13.55° ± 0.96°. The amount of platelets adhered on TNT surface was the greatest as (300 729 ± 8 325) platelet/µl and the viability was the highest (A450 value 2.14 ± 0.05). Platelet adhered intensively on TNT surfaces, forming pseudopodia, extending and connecting with each other.

CONCLUSIONSSurface properties of pure titanium affect platelet adhesion ability. Nano-scale topography can greatly improve platelet adhesion. Increased surface roughness and hydrophilicity can improve platelet adhesion ability.

Blood Platelets ; Dental Etching ; Dental Polishing ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Nanotubes ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Platelet Adhesiveness ; Surface Properties ; Titanium

Objective: To analyze the association of cytogenetic abnormalities with the prognosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients in tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) era. Methods: Karyotype analysis of chromosome G-banding was carried out in 387 newly diagnosed CML patients by short-term culture of bone marrow cells. The correlation of cytogenetic abnormalities and CML progression was explored in combination with ABL tyrosine point mutations. Result: Of 387 patients with positive BCR-ABL fusion gene assayed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique, 94.1% (364/387) patients were Ph positive and 5.9% (23/387) Ph negative; 320 patients (87.9%) had a translocation t (9;22) (q34;q11) and 5 (1.4%) a variant translocation t (v;22) . Additional cytogenetic aberrations (ACA) at diagnosis were found in 10.7% (39/387) Ph⁺ patients, major route ACA in 22 (56.4%) cases and minor route ACA in 15 (38.5%) cases and 2 patients (5.1%) lacked the Y chromosome (−Y) ; 23.4% (71/303) patients occurred ACA during TKI treatment and the most frequent abnormalities were abnormal chromosome numbersd, which were likely associated with high proportion of disease progression (χ²=168.21, P<0.001) and ABL tyrosine point mutations (χ²=29.04, P<0.001) . Newly diagnosed CML-CP patients with t (9;22) (q34;q11) had a longer event-free survival (EFS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates than that of patients with ACA (P=0.037; P=0.003) , while the overall survival (OS) had no significant differences (P=0.209) . As for CML-CP patients that occurred ACA during TKI therapy would have a marked low OS, EFS and DFS (all P<0.001) compared with no ACA occurred patients. Survival of advanced patients that occurred ACA were dramatically reduced. Conclusion ACA often emerged during the disease progress in CML patients, regular and timely detection of chromosomes karyotype and ABL tyrosine point mutations during TKI treatment was important for therapeutic evaluation, progress and prognosis of CML.

Objective: To analyze the antimicrobial resistance and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) results of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs)-producing Escherichia coli in rural residents in villages with pig breeding farms in a county of Shandong province. Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed with agar dilution method by using 360 ESBLs-producing E. coli strains from fresh stool samples of rural residents in villages with pig breeding farms in a county of Shandong. PCR was conducted to amplify the CTX-M, TEM, SHV genes and capillary electrophoresis was used to screen positive strains in July, 2016. MLST was performed for molecular typing analysis, and eBURST v3.0 software was used for cluster analysis. Results: Among 360 strains of ESBLs-producing E. coli, the resistance rates to cefotaxime, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and florfenicol were 100.0% (360/360), 82.2% (296/360), 81.1% (292/360) and 80.3% (289/360), respectively. The positive rate of CTX-M gene was 99.2% (357/360), in which the positive rate of CTX-M-9 was 35.6% (128/360) and the positive rate of CTX-M-1 was 24.4% (88/360). The positive rate of TEM gene was 26.9% (97/360). A total of 132 STs were identified through MLST. The predominant ST was ST10, accounting for 12.5% (45/360). Cluster analysis showed that CC10 was the most important clone group, including 39 ST clones, involving 148 strains (41.1%). Conclusions The drug resistances of ESBLs-producing E. coli to cefotaxime, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and flurfenicol are serious in this rural area. There is a small-scale clustering of CC10 and transmission mode from animals to humans might exist.

Background Prolonged awkward postures during occupational activities can lead to excessive musculoskeletal load on the wrist of workers and symptoms such as wrist pain or discomfort. Objective To survey the prevalence of wrist pain among workers in 10 key industries and analyze its correlation with wrist working postures. Methods By using stratified cluster sampling method, workers from 10 key industries, such as footwear manufacturing industry, shipbuilding manufacturing industry, and automobile manufacturing industry, were selected from seven regions in North China, East China, Central China, South China, Southwest China, Northwest China, and Northeast China. The demographic information, wrist working postures, pain in wrist of the workers were collected through a cross-sectional survey. Pearson χ² test was used to compare prevalence by selected factors, trend χ² test for between group comparison, and unconditional logistic regression models for the association of wrist working postures with wrist pain. Results There were 64052 workers enrolled in this survey, and 56286 provided valid questionnaires (the effective rate was 87.8%). According to the survey, the prevalence of wrist pain was 23.3% (13112/56286), and the industries with higher prevalences were footwear manufacturing (27.1%, 1927/7106), automobile manufacturing (24.9%, 5378/21560), and shipbuilding and related equipment manufacturing (24.4%, 850/3488) industries. Finger pinching (OR=2.09, 95%CI: 1.95-2.24), frequent wrist bending (OR=2.03, 95%CI: 1.92-2.15), fixed wrist bending (OR=1.77, 95%CI: 1.69-1.85), wrist on hard edge (OR=1.34, 95%CI: 1.28-1.40), and arms over shoulders (OR=1.11, 95%CI: 1.05-1.17) increased the risk of reporting wrist pain. Conclusion Awkward postures are related to wrist pain among workers in selected 10 key industries. The related factors are wrist on hard edge, frequent wrist bending, finger pinching, fixed wrist bending, and arms over shoulders.