OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence of nosocomial infection in ICU patients and its risk factors to take measures to prevent from infection. METHODS The nosocomial infection of ICU patients in 12 hospitals from Oct to Dec 2007 using the method of target monitoring was investigated. The nosocomial infection rate was regalated by the method of ASA. The invasive procedure and the associated infection rate were analyzed. RESULTS Among 2087 inpatients in ICU,236 suffered from nosocomial infection,The nosocomial infection incidence was 11.31%,and the nosocomial infection rate per day was 2.38% after regulated by the method of ASA. The patient incidence of nosocomial infection was 3.57%,and the nosocomial infection rate per day was 0.67%. CONCLUSIONS The patients in ICU are susceptible population of nosocomial infection,target monitoring in ICU is an effective surveillance method to reduce the prevalence of nosocomial infection.

Bronchiectasis has the characteristics of long course,gradual aggravation,easy recurrence and difficult to treat.The characteristics are similar to those arouse by incubative pathogenic factors.Based on the theory of incubative pathogenic factors,this disease is often related to the incubative pathogenic factors in the body's areas with deficient healthy qi,which occur at regular times.The etiology can be external,congenital,or internal.Treatment should focus on different characteristics of incubative pathogenic factors.Attention should be paid to clearing and dispersing in external pathogenic factors,while attention should be paid to supporting and promoting healthy qi in congenital pathogenic factors,and do not forget to remove internal pathogenic factors.

Objective To study the role ofTAK-242,a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) specific inhibitor,in β-amyloid peptide (Aβ)25-35 inducing PC12 cytotoxicity and its potential mechanism.Methods PC12 cells were cultured with different concentrations of Aβ25-35 (0,10,20 and 30 μmol/L) for 24 h,and then,the cell survival rate was detected by CCK-8 kit to choose the specific concentration of Aβ25-35 to establish cell AD models.The survival rate of Aβ25-35 inducing PC12 cells was further detected one h after TAK-242 intervention.The PC12 cells were divided into four groups:control group,Aβ treatment group,Aβ+TAK-242 pretreatment group and TAK-242 group.The apoptosis of cells was observed with Hoechst 33258 kit.The secretions of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected with ELISA.The protein expression levels of TLR4,myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88),IκB kinase complexus α/β (IKKα/β) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB were detected by Western blotting.Results The cell survival rate decreased gradually with the increase of Aβ25-35 concentrations after PC12 cells cultured with Aβ25-35 for 1 h.Twentyμmol/L Aβ25-35 was used to establish the AD models,with which the cell survival rate was closely half of the control group.As compared with Aβ treatment group,Aβ+TAK-242 pretreatment group had significantly increased cell survival rate and significantly decreased apoptosis (P＜0.05).The secretions of IL-1β and TNF-α in Aβ treatment group were significantly increased than those in the control group (P＜0.05),and Aβ+TAK-242 pretreatment group had significantly decreased secretions of IL-1β and TNF-α (P＜0.05).As compared with those in the control group,the protein expressions of TLR4,MyD88,IKKα/β and NF-κB in the Aβ treatment group were significantly increased (P＜0.05);as compared with Aβ treatment group,the protein expressions of TLR4,MyD88,IKKα/β and NF-κB in the Aβ+TAK-242 pretreatment group were degraded obviously,with significant differences (P＜0.05).Conclusions Aβ25-35 could reduce the cell survival rate and apoptosis in PC12 cells by up-regulating the expressions of TLR4/MyD88 signal pathway related proteins and increasing the secretions of IL-1β and TNF-α,and the phenomenon is concentration-dependent.TAK-242 could resist Aβ25-35-induced PC12 cytotoxicity through down-regulating the TLR4/MyD88 signal pathway related proteins levels and decreasing the secretions of TNF-α and IL-1β.

Objective To analyze the incidence trend of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) and its correlation with meteorological factors in Children in Kaizhou District, Chongqing from 2018 to 2021, and to provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of HFMD in children. Methods The HFMD epidemic information was collected from 2018 to 2021 in Kaizhou District of Chongqing by using the China Disease Surveillance Information and Report Management System. The epidemiological characteristics of HFMD were descriptively analyzed, and the correlation between HFMD incidence and meteorological factors was analyzed by multiple regression. Results A total of 5 121 HFMD cases were reported in Kaizhou District of Chongqing from 2018 to 2021, with an average annual incidence of 143.30/100 000. The incidence of HFMD fluctuated from 120.87/100,000 to 159.78/100,000 from 2018 to 2021, showing a downward trend year by year. There were 2929 males and 2192 females with HFMD. The incidence of HFMD was the highest in early childhood (70.13/100 000), followed by pre-school age (43.06/100 000). There was significant difference in the incidence of HFMD among different age groups (χ²=53.497, P<0.05). The cases were mainly scattered children (3127 cases, 61.06%). The second was nursery children (1627 cases, 31.77%). In addition, there were 289 cases of students (5.64%). There were 1084 laboratory-confirmed cases in Kaizhou District of Chongqing from 2018 to 2021, including 269 (24.82%) children with EV71 infection, 178 (16.42%) children with Cox A16 infection, and 637 (58.76%) children with other enterovirus infections. There were significant differences in pathogen composition among different years (Z=32.75, P<0.05). From 2018 to 2021, the proportion of EV71 increased year by year, while COX16 and other enterovirus infections showed a downward trend year by year. Average daily temperature (OR=1.873) and average daily pressure (OR=-1.498) were independent risk factors for HFMD in Kaizhou District of Chongqing (P<0.05). Conclusion The reported incidence of HFMD in Kaizhou District of Chongqing shows a decreasing trend, and the incidence is closely related to temperature and atmospheric pressure. It is still necessary to strictly implement the prevention and control measures in key population in the season of high incidence. The main virus is EV71, which can be vaccinated with EV71 HFMD vaccine to reduce the occurrence of severe cases.

Objective To investigate the death prognosis and risk factors of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in hospitalized elderly patients with hematological infection, so as to facilitate clinical prevention and treatment. Methods The elderly (> 80 years old) hospitalized patients with hematological infection in our hospital from 2015 to 2021 were selected for analysis. Firstly, 314 patients with extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii hematological infection were distinguished by etiological analysis. A total of 98 cases of death were detected during hospitalization (later referred to as the observation group). By comparing with the surviving patients (216 cases) (later referred to as the control group), the general data of patients with XDRAB infection were collected, and the risk of death and its influencing factors were analyzed. Results In the study, the proportion of patients in the observation group who used catheters was higher, the catheter retention time was longer, the acute physiology and chronic health status II scores were higher, and the proportion of patients who lost self-care ability was also higher. Conclusion The death of blood borne infection of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in elderly patients is affected by many factors. Among them, patients who use catheters for a long time, have poor self-care ability and lose self-care ability have a higher risk of death, which is worthy of clinical attention.

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the effect of modified Baitouwengtang （MBTWD） on tumor growth and the number of tumor-associated macrophages （TAMs） in tumor tissue of MC38 cell tumor-bearing mice with colorectal cancer and explores whether MBTWD mediates the remodeling of TAM phenotype to play an immunologically antitumor effect. MethodFirstly， The C57BL/6 mouse tumor model grafted subcutaneously was established， and then model mice were classified into a model group， positive control group（3 mg·kg^-1）， and MBTWD groups with high and low dosages（23.43、46.86 g·kg^-1）， with 10 mice in each group. In addition， 10 healthy mice were set as the blank group， and the changes in body weight， tumor volume， and survival status of mice in each group were observed. Tumor tissue， spleen， and peripheral blood were collected to calculate the tumor volume change， tumor inhibition rate， and spleen mass. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the morphological changes of tumor tissue， and an immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the expression levels of CD4， CD8， and CD206 in tumor tissues of tumor-bearing mice. The secretion levels of transforming growth factor （TGF）-β， interleukin （IL）-6， and chemokine （C-C Motif） ligand 2 （CCL2） in peripheral serum were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Secondly， a co-culture model induced by IL-4 in vitro of MC38 cells and murine monocytic macrophage RAW264.7 cells was established. Cell proliferation and activity assay （CCK-8） was used to detect the inhibitory effect of MBTWD containing serum on cell proliferation. A transwell experiment was used to detect the effect of IL-4-induced M2 macrophages on the invasion of MC38 cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of CD86 on the membrane of M2 macrophages induced by IL-4 with MBTWD containing serum. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the effect of MBTWD containing serum on the mRNA expression levels of M1 macrophage-related polarization factors CD86， nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）， and IL-12， as well as M2 macrophage-related polarization factors CD206， CD163， and IL-10 after co-cultivation. Finally， the protein expression levels of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor （CSF1R）， stimulator of interferon genes （STING）， and TANK binding kinase 1 （TBK1） in tumor tissues of tumor-bearing mice were detected by Western blot. ResultIn vivo experimental results show that compared with the model group， the MBTWD can significantly inhibit the tumor growth of tumor-bearing mice. Immunofluorescence experiments show that the MBTWD can increase the number of CD8⁺ T cell infiltration in tumor tissue of tumor-bearing mice， reduce the number of CD206⁺ TAMs infiltration， and down-regulate the secretion levels of cytokines IL-6， TGF-β， and CCL2 in peripheral blood of tumor-bearing mice. The results of in vitro experiments show that the MBTWD containing serum has no obvious inhibitory effect on cell proliferation， but the cell supernatant after co-cultivation with RAW264.7 cells can inhibit the proliferation activity of MC38 cells， and the invasion ability of MC38 cells is enhanced by IL-4-induced M2 macrophages. However， this effect can be inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by the MBTWD containing serum. At the same time， the results of Real-time PCR show that the MBTWD containing serum can up-regulate the mRNA expression levels of M1 macrophage-related polarization factors CD86， iNOS， and IL-12 and down-regulate those of M2 macrophage-related polarization factors CD206， CD163， and IL-10. Flow cytometry results also confirm that the MBTWD containing serum can increase the number of repolarized CD86⁺ M1 macrophages， indicating that MBTWD can induce M2 macrophages to repolarized M1 macrophages to play an anti-tumor growth role. Finally， Western blot results show that MBTWD can down-regulate the expression of CSF1R protein and up-regulate that of STING and TBK1 proteins in tumor tissue of tumor-bearing mice. ConclusionMBTWD can down-regulate the infiltration number of CD206⁺ TAMs and increase the infiltration of CD8⁺ T cells， thereby playing an immunologically antitumor effect on the growth inhibition of colorectal cancer， which may be related to regulating CSF1R signaling and then activating STING/TBK1 signaling pathway to induce phenotypic remodeling of TAMs.

Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic regulated cell death caused by iron accumulation and subsequent lipid peroxidation. Currently, the therapeutic role of ferroptosis on cancer is gaining increasing interest. Baicalin an active component in