Objective To investigate the prevention and treatment of biliary cardiac reflex in the interventional treatment of obstructive jaundice.Methods Totally 600 patients with obstructive jaundice were selected and divided into group A (without any preventive measures) and group B (with prevention and treatment,injection of atropine),and each group had 300 cases.The incidence of biliary cardiac reflex was observed in two groups.The relationship between the incidence of biliary cardiac reflex and gender,age,ECG abnormalities were analyzed in both groups.The timing of biliary cardiac reflex in interventional surgery was observed.Results The incidence of biliary cardiac reflex in group A was 30.67％ (92/300),which was significantly higher than that in group B (22/300,7.33 ％),and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =53.06,P＜0.05).But there was no significant difference between group A (4/300,1.33％) and group B (0) in the incidence of severe biliary cardiac reflex (x2 =0.45,P＞0.05).The incidence of biliary cardiac reflex in both groups was not associated with gender (both Φ=0.022,P＞0.05),but the incidence of biliary cardiac reflex in both groups was positively correlated with age and ECG abnormalities (Φage =0.593,0.229,ΦEcG =0.508,0.216,all P＜0.05).The incidence of biliary cardiac reflex was the highest in the balloon catheter on the stenosis or occlusion of the expansion in group A (55.43％,51/92) and group B (63.64％,14/22),which were higher than those of in puncture and angiography (all P＜0.05).Conclusion Preoperative injection of atropine can effectively prevent the occurrence of biliary cardiac reflex in interventional therapy,meanwhile the patients' own conditions are still need to be attention.

Objective To conduct a case-control study on the association of the nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter region of the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) gene with phenotype of esophageal cancer. Methods All subjects were unrelated residents in northern regions of China. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis was used to determine the MMP-9 genotypes. Results The overall distribution of genotypes in the patients was not different from that in the controls (OR=0.77, 95% CI=0.45-1.34; P=0.36). There were no significant differences between the patients and the control subjects in terms of the distributions of sex and age, smoking status, alcohol dependence, pickled diet status, or history of environmental exposure. The patients were further examined with stratifications by age, sex, grade, depth of tumor invasion, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion and TNM staging. The results showed no pronounced association among the stratifications. Conclusion There is no significant association between the MMP-9 single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes and phenotype of esophageal cancer.

BACKGROUND:Resistance to the inflammatory response is an important part of promoting the repair of damaged tissue and improving the local inflammatory response caused by medical bio-implant materials has been a key issue to be addressed in recent years. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the anti-inflammatory effects of common metal ions and related molecular mechanisms to provide some theoretical references for improving the early inflammatory response of hosts caused by bio-implant materials. METHODS:A computer search of the relevant literature in PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI and WanFang databases was conducted using"metal ions,magnesium ion,zinc ion,silver ion,copper ion,inflammation,anti-inflammatory effects,oxidative stress,immunoregulation,signaling pathways"as Chinese and English search terms.Preliminary screening was conducted by reading the titles and abstracts.Finally,80 papers were included for result analysis and summary. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Metal ions such as magnesium,zinc,silver and copper have a good anti-inflammatory effect.The strength of this anti-inflammatory effect is strongly correlated with the dose and duration of action.In the future,consideration can be given to controlling the release rate of ions and adjusting the appropriate therapeutic concentration to achieve the best anti-inflammatory effect.(2)Magnesium ions and zinc ions exhibit excellent anti-inflammatory activity,with magnesium ions often being beneficial in anti-inflammatory therapy in the form of compounds such as magnesium sulfate and zinc ions regulating the body's inflammatory response with zinc feed as the main source of zinc supplementation.(3)Silver and copper ions have some anti-inflammatory effects,but are still predominant for their excellent antibacterial activity,mainly in the form of nanoparticles and bio-coatings.(4)Magnesium and zinc metal ions can be combined with natural extracts to form complexes to exert anti-inflammatory effects,and this method has the advantage of being inexpensive and widely available and is a sustainable and green approach,which is worthy of clinical promotion.(5)Metal ions such as magnesium,zinc,silver and copper exert anti-inflammatory effects by reducing host oxidative stress damage,modulating immune cells and inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-κB,Toll-like receptor,STAT3 and NOD.(6)The molecular mechanism related to the anti-inflammation of metal ions is a complex network,which is not the effect of a single pathway,but should be a combination of multiple signaling pathways.There are still many potential mechanisms that have not yet been explored,and more systematic elucidation of the interconnections between various signaling pathways is needed in the future.