Objective To discuss the application value of small doses penehyclidine hydrochloride in painless colonoscopy examination. Methods From July 2012 to January 2013, 90 patients who planed to have painless colonoscopy were randomly divided into 3 groups with each group 30 cases. Before anesthesia, giving small doses of penehyclidine hydrochloride to small-dose group, giving conventional dose of penehyclidine hydrochloride to routine-dose group, and giving atropine intravenous administration to atropine group. Observe the smoothly de-gree, and check the heart rate, mean arterial pressure and postoperative adverse reactions of three groups. Results There was no obvious difference among the three groups in trems of smooth degree and oxyhemoglobin saturation. In small-dose group, heart rate and mean arterial pressure before and after the examination were better than that of routine-dose group and atropine group, and there were obviously lower inci-dence of postoperative adverse reaction compared with the routine-dose group and atropine group. Conclusion Giving small-dose of penehy-clidine hydrochloride before anesthesia of painless colonoscopy examination can significantly improve the effect of examination, and it can re-duce the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions.

Objective To study the hardness properties of pig esophageal at the nanoscale using atomic force microscope (AFM). Methods The porcine esophagus was chosen as experimental sample to study the hardness properties of esophageal tissues at different loading rates, deflection and dwell time with AFM. Results The hardness of esophageal tissues at the nanoscale was strongly correlated with the loading rate and the deflection, which increased with the increasing loading rate and decreased with the increasing deflection of cantilever. The difference in the hardness was associated with the viscoelasticity and viscoplasticity of esophageal tissues, including contact stress, energy transition and strain plastic gradient. Conclusions The experimental results have important significance for clinical diagnosis, surgical operation and artificial material development, and reveal the changing patterns for mechanical properties of the esophageal tissues at the microscale.