The effects of exopolysaccharides from Aphanothece halophytica(.EAH) on immunological function were studied by immunological techniques. The results showed that EAH could not only enhance the mitogenic response of mice's thymus cells, murine bone marrow cells proliferation,murine mixed lymphocyte reaction and the activity of NK cells in mice,but promote the interleukinl(IL-1)production and increase the activity of 1L-2 as well. The study suggests that EAH can improve the immunological function of mice.

Objective This study explored the protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via inhibiting oxidative stress. Methods Primary cultured neonatal myocytes were applied to explore the anti-ischemia/reperfusion injury property in vitro. The survival viability of myocytes was determined by MTT; enzyme activities such as lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide were analyzed with assay kits; inducible nitricoxide synthase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expressions were determined by Westernblot. Results Tetramethylpyrazine significantly improved the beating frequencies of myocytes after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation procedure, decreased lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and malondialdehyde levels and enhanced superoxide dismutase activity.Tetramethylpyrazine also inhibited excessive production of nitric oxide through downregulating inducible nitric oxide synthase as well as upregulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase during ischemia/reperfusion injury. Conclusion Tetramethylpyrazine could significantly improve the oxidative-stress tolerance of myocytes to keep cell membrane integrity and protect the myocardial tissue of normal physiological function via an antioxidant effect and by restoring the balance between inducible nitric oxide synthase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, while inhibiting the generation of cytotoxic concentrations of NO.

Objective To discuss the surgical treatment of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas (IPMN).Methods The clinical data of 42 IPMN cases undergoing surgical treatment in our hospital during the past 4 years were analyzed retrospectively.Results Routine CT or MRI examination was made in 42 cases,ERCP in 6 cases,ultrasonic endoscopy in 12 cases,fine needle biopsy by endoscopic ultrasonography in 4 cases.There were 12 cases of the main duct IPMN,24 cases of branch duct IPMN,6 cases of mixed IPMN.Pancreatoduodenectomy was performed in 24 cases;6 cases underuent laparoscopic central pancreatectomy;10 cases did distal pancreatectomy,2 cases did total pancreatectomy.Postoperative pathology revealed that the malignant transformation rate of main pancreatic duct type was 66.7％,that of BD-IPMN was 12.5％ and 66.7％ of Mix-IPMN.The postoperative complication rate was 26.2％.All cases were followed up for 1 month to 4 years,with no tumor recurrence.Conclusions Imaging examination combined with endoscopic ultrasonography is the main method for clinical diagnosis of IPMN.The malignant transformation rate of MD-IPMN and Mix-IPMN is high.Most of the BD-IPMN is hyperplasia and adenoma.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the influence of CYP3A5*3 (rs776746) genetic polymorphism on blood concentration of tacmlimus (TAC) and renal function in renal transplant recipients during the stable period.METHODS:A total of 98 renal transplant recipients during the stable period receiving TAC-based triple anti-rejection scheme (TAC + sodium mycophenol +predrnisone acetate) after surgery and regular follow-up were selected from our hospital during Jan.1995-Dec.2014.The follow-up information during Jan.-Dec.2016 was also collected.Trough concentration of TAC in renal transplant recipients was determined by chemiluminescence microparticle immuno assay.Standard blood concentration (C/D) was calculated after corrected with body weight and daily dose.Scr level was detected with dry chemistry method.CYP3A5*3 genotype was detected by PCR-RFLP and direct sequencing.The relationship of CYP3A5*3 genetic polymorphism with TAC C/D value and Scr level was determined by Kruskal Wallis H or Mann-Whitney U assay.RESULTS:Among 98 renal transplant recipients,there were 9 cases of CYP3A5*3 *1/*1(AA) genotype,37 cases of *1/*3 (AG) genotype and 52 cases of *3/*3 (GG)genotype.The gene frequencies were 9.18％,37.76％,53.06％,which were all in line with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P＞0.05).There was no statistical significance in trough concentration of TAC among different genotypes (P＞0.05).There was statistical significance in TAC dose and C/D value among different genotypes (P＞0.05).TAC dose of CYP3A5*3 *3/*3 genotype recipients was significantly lower than those of *1/*3 and *1/*1 genotype recipients;that of *1/*3 genotype recipients was significantly lower than that of *1/*1 genotype recipients.C/D value of *3/*3 genotype recipients was significantly higher than those of *1/*3 and *1/*1 genotype recipients;that of *1/*3 genotype recipients was significantly higher than that of *1/*1 genotype recipients,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).There was no statistical significance in Scr levels among different genotypes (P＞0.05).CONCLUSIONS:CYP3A5*3 genetic polymorphism significantly influences blood concentration of TAC in renal transplant recipients during the stable period,and *3 allele carriers have higher C/D values and need smaller TAC daily dose.CYP3AS*3 genetic polymorphism may be not associated with Scr level.

Objective:To evaluate trans-artery pressure perfusion autologous transfusion for laparoscopic splenectomy and pericardial devascularization (LSPD).Methods:The clinical data of patients with laparoscopic splenectomy in Zhejiang Provincial People′s Hospital in recent 3 years were reviewed. The therapeutic effects of 30 LSPD cases with trans-artery pressure perfusion (observation group) and 30 radical LSPD cases (control group) were compared and analyzed.Results:There was no significant difference in age, sex, preoperative liver function grade and spleen volume between the two groups ( P>0.05). All 60 patients completed laparoscopic splenectomy without conversion to laparotomy or death. There was no significant difference in liver function, operation time and intraoperative bleeding between the observation group and the control group ( P>0.05), and there was also no significant difference in blood transfusion, postoperative complications and hospital stay ( P>0.05). The hemoglobin level in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Laparoscopic splenectomy and pericardial devascularization with trans-artery pressure perfusion autologous transfusion can increase post-operative hemoglobin value effectively.

Objective To analyze the initial experience of total laparoscopic radical resection for patients with Bismuth type Ⅲa hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Methods A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of three patients with Bismuth type Ⅲa hilar cholangiocarcinomatotal who underwent laparoscopic radical resection in Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital from February to May in 2017.Results The three patients all underwent the operations successfully.The operation time ranged from 490.0 to 580.0 min.The intraoperative blood loss ranged from 300.0 ml to 1 200.0 ml.There was no severe perioperatire complication or death.One patient developed biliary leakage which responded to drainage without reoperation.Another patient developed pleural effusion treated with minimal invasive drainage.The length of postoperative hospital stay ranged from 10.0 to 18.0 days.Histopathology showed two patients with well-differentiated adenocarcinomas and one patient with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.The number of lymph nodes harvested ranged from 8 ～ 13.Two patients had no regional lymph node metastasis and one patient had regional lymph node metastasis (1/13).The hilar bile duct resection margins of the three patients were all negative.There was no evidence of tumor recurrence on following up for 7 ～ 10 months.Conclusions It was safe and feasible to carry out total laparoscopic radical resection in selected patients with Bismuth type Ⅲa hilar cholangiocarcinoma.More patients and longer follow-up are required to study the long term oncological results.

Primary hepatic carcinoma has ranked as the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death. China shares about 50% of new liver cancer cases, including 80% of hepatic carcinoma. Non-surgical therapy continues to make breakthroughs. The authors report a case of hepatic carcinoma with intrahepatic metastasis and tumor thrombus in the left portal vein, which has achieved continious partial response after the treatment of atezoli-zumab combined with bevacizumab, without adverse reactions such as liver and kidney function damage. The life quality of the patient was improved, showing safety and efficacy of the treatment.

Objective To study the safety and feasibility of laparoscopy combined with holmium laser in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis complicated with pancreatic ductal stones.Methods To compare the clinical data in patients who underwent laparoscopy combined with holmium laser (10 patients,group A) with those who underwent laparoscopy only (21 patients,group B) at Zhejiang Provincial People' s Hospital from January 2012 to August 2018.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,intraoperative conversion rate,pancreatic ductal incision length,postoperative pancreatic fistula rate,length of postoperative hospital stay,residual stone rate and relief of postoperative abdominal pain rate of the two groups were documented and analyzed.Results Three of 31 patients were converted to open surgery.The remaining patients in the two groups were discharged home without any perioperative death.Group A and B were significant differences in the pancreatic ductal incision length (5.0±0.8 vs.6.5±1.0) cm,operation time (289.3±51.6 vs.349.5± 34.7) min,and postoperative hospital stay (8.0± 1.2 vs.10.2± 1.6) d between the two groups (P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in the intraoperative conversion to open rate,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative pancreatic fistula rate,residual stone rate and relief of postoperative abdominal pain rate between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions It was safe and feasible to treat chronic pancreatitis complicated with pancreatolithiasis by laparoscopy.Laparoscopy combined with holmium laser had the added advantages of easy access through the pancreaticojejunostomy,shorter operation time,and less intraoperative blood loss.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical characteristics of liraglutide-induced pancreatitis， and to provide reference for clinical rational drug use. METHODS Retrieved from CNKI， VIP， Wanfang database， PubMed， Web of Science and Medline， case reports about liraglutide-induced pancreatitis were collected from the inception to December 31st， 2022. Demographic characteristics， drug use， clinical manifestations， intervention and outcome were analyzed using descriptive statistical method. RESULTS A total of 17 pieces of literature were collected and 17 patients were involved， including 7 males and 10 females. The patients aged from 25 to 75 years. All 17 patients had drug indications， including 14 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus， 3 cases of obesity or overweight. Among 17 patients， liraglutide was used alone in 5 cases， and combined with other drugs in 12 cases. Time from liraglutide administration to pancreatitis occurrence ranged from 1 day to 11 months after medication in 17 patients， with 14 cases less than 6 months. The clinical manifestations mainly included abdominal pain， nausea and vomiting， etc. After the diagnosis of pancreatitis， liraglutide discontinuation occurred in 16 patients； 1 case did not receive any other interventions and the other 15 cases were managed with symptomatic supportive treatment； the symptoms of all 16 patients resolved； however， 2 patients suffered from second episode of severe pancreatitis several weeks after liraglutide discontinuation， pancreatitis recurred after liraglutide rechallenge in 1 case. The results of correlation evaluation showed that 1 case was “positive”， 4 cases were “possible”， and the remaining patients were “very likely”. CONCLUSIONS Liraglutide-induced pancreatitis mainly occurred within 6 months after drug administration. The majority of liraglutide-induced pancreatitis cases are mild to moderate， but there are also severe and even fatal cases. It is advisable to periodically monitor the level of pancreatic enzymes and closely observe patients’ clinical mani-festations. In case of suspected liraglutide-induced pancreatitis，drug withdrawal and symptomatic treatment should be taken immediately.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical characteristics of nephrotic syndrome induced by sunitinib， and to provide reference for clinical rational drug use. METHODS Retrieved from CNKI， VIP， Wanfang data， PubMed， Web of Science and Medline， case report about sunitinib-induced nephrotic syndrome were collected from the inception to Oct. 30th， 2022. Those case reports were analyzed statistically in terms of gender， age， primary disease， drug use， clinical manifestations， treatment and outcome. RESULTS A total of 15 pieces of literature were collected and 17 patients were involved， including 10 males and 7 females. The average age of patients was （59.35±15.72） years. Among 17 patients， there were 10 patients with renal cell carcinoma and 7 patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor， all of whom received evidence-based medication； the dosage of sunitinib in 15 cases was recorded， and all of them were within the recommended range of the instructions； 9 patients received combined therapy； the time from sunitinib application to the occurrence of nephrotic syndrome was 21 days-52 months， of which 11 cases were ≤2 years. The clinical manifestations in 13 patients were described， including edema， oliguria， foamy urine， weight gain， fatigue， dyspnea on exertion， etc. Eight patients had other adverse reactions induced by sunitinib before suffering from nephrotic syndrome， including new hypertension or worsening of original hypertension， and hand-foot syndrome. Renal biopsy mainly manifested as thrombotic microangiopathy， focal segmental glomerular sclerosis and immune complex glomerulonephritis. Sunitinib withdrawal or dosage reduction was adopted in all patients， and they were given symptomatic treatment such as glucocorticoids and antihypertensive agents. Symptoms of 16 patients were improved， and renal function of one patient deteriorated and hemodialysis was started. Sunitinib was re-challenged in 6 patients， elevated creatinine and substantial proteinuria recurred in 5 patients. CONCLUSIONS In clinical use of sunitinib， it is advisable to periodically monitor renal function. In case of deterioration of renal function， albuminuria， edema， etc.， relevant examinations should be implemented in time， and symptomatic intervention should be taken as soon as possible. Besides， we should be alert to the recurrence of nephrotic syndrome after sunitinib rechallenge.