Mutual information(MI) is a tool of measuring the statistical dependence between two random variables. MI between two images, being considered as two random fields, can be calculated to determine the degree of information redundancy between the image intensities of corresponding pixels in both images. In this paper, we utilize the MI criterion to realize the generalized registration between two neighboring slices in a medical image sequence (CT, MR et al) and consider that they match with each other if the MI between them is maximal. Experimental results confirm performance of our algorithm.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of the kidney injure in the newborn rats with endotoxemia.Methods Eighty Wistar rats aged 7 days were randomly divided into 2 groups:control group (intraperitoneal injection of saline of 0.1 ml;n = 40),lipopolysaccharide(LPS) group(intraperitoneal injection of LPS of 5 mg/kg;n =40).The rats in either group were killed at 1 h,4 h,8 h and 12 hours after intraperitoneal injection,respectively.The expressions of NF-κB and TGF-β1 in the kidney were detected by using the immunohistochemical assay.Renal ultrastructural changes was observed with a CM100 Philips electron microscope.Results The NF-κB in control group had no expression.NF-κB in LPS group mainly expressed in the renal tubular epithelial cell,increased at 1 h after test and peaked at 8 h,and slightly descended at 12 h.The expression of TGF-β1 in control group was slight,and had not show significant difference from control group at 1 h,4 h and 8 h,but significantly higher than that in control group at 12 h.In LPS group,newborn rat renal glomerular basement membrane was complete,part epithelial cell foot processes were fused and renal tubules epithelial cell mild mitochondria vacuolization was found at 4 h.Renal glomeruli epithelial cell foot processes obvious confluenced,quantities of mesangial cells mitochondria vacuole,and renal tubules epithelial cell mitochondria expanded to bubbles at 12 h.Conclusion The NF-κB involves in the pathogenesis of kidney damage induced by endotoxemia,but TGF-β1 may help to repair the damaged kidney,and may repress the production of NF-κB.

BACKGROUND: The abnormal changes of hemorrheologic indexes are closely correlated with vascular injury, disorder of microcirculation, thrombosis and its development.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of 25 indexes of hemorheology and whole hemocytes in patients with acute cerebral infarction.DESIGN: A controlled case study.SETTING: Department of Medical Laboratory, Xinxiang Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: Cerebral infarction group: Totally 127 patients with the first attack of acute cerebral infarction were selected from the Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College from January to December in 2002. The onsetof disease ranged from 4 to 12 hours, and the lesions were confirmed by cranial CT, the diagnostic standard accorded with the diagnostic guidelines for various cerebrovascular diseases formulated by the Fourth National Academic Conference for Cerebrovascular Diseases. Normal control group: Fifty-three healthy physical examinees with normal blood pressure and without diseases of heart,brain and kidney, as well as diabetes mellitus. There were no sigmficant differences in ages and male to femaleratios between the two groups.METHODS: ① Patients in the cerebral infarction group received fibrinogen reduction therapy, they were injected with two pieces of 10 u defibrin on the day of admission, and injected with one piece of 10 u defibrin again on the 3rd, 5th and 7th days respectively. ② Fasting venous blood (5 mL) was drawn with thromboliquine anticoagulated vacuum blood collecting tube,and 2 mL blood was coagulated with EDTA-K2. The whole blood viscosity,whole blood high-sheafing reduction viscosity, whole blood low-shearing reduction viscosity, whole blood high-sheafing relative index, whole blood lowsheafing relative index, equation K value of erythrocyte sedimentation, plasma viscosity, hematocrit, erythrocyte sedimentation, aggregation index of red blood cells (RBC), rigidity index of RBC, deformation index of RBC, counts of while blood cells (WBC) and RBC, mean volume of RBC, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), RBC distribution width (RDW), content of hemoglobin,mean corpuscular hemoglobin content (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) were detected when the shear rate was 200 s-1, 30 s-1, 5 s-1 and 1 s-1 respectively. ③ The above indexes of the patients with cerebral infarction were detected within 24 hours after attack (exacerbation) and at two weeks after treatment (recovery period) respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The hemorrheologic and whole hemocyte indexes were compared between the two groups.RESULTS: All of the 127 cases in the cerebral infarction group entered the analysis of results at exacerbation, and 5 of them were not reexamined because of discharge and 122 cases entered the analysis of results at recovery period. All the 53 cases in the normal control group were involved in the analysis of results. ① Except RDW and MCHC, all the other indexes in the patients with cerebral infarction at exacerbation were significantly different from those in the normal control group (P＜0.05, 0.01). As compared with the normal control group, the whole blood low-shearing viscosity, whole blood low-shearing reduction viscosity, whole blood high-sheafing relative index, whole blood low-shearing relative index, plasma viscosity,hematocrit, aggregation index of RBC, WBC count and MCH all returned to normal in the patients with cerebral infarction at recovery period (P＞0.05).② As compared with the exacerbation, the RBC count and MPV were obviously decreased in the patients with cerebral infarction at recovery period (P ＜ 0.05), while the other indexes were similar (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Abnormalities of hemorrheologic indexes commonly exist in patients with acute cerebral infarction, which indicates that the abnormalities of hemorrheologic and whole hemocyte parameters may be related to the occurrence of acute cerebral infarction.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of compound danshen dropping pills on the early diabetic kidney disease.Methods A total of 850 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) at stage Ⅲ who met the criteria for DN from January 2012 to July 2012,aged 60 to 75 years [mean age (66.6±4.8) years],were retrospectively analyzed and randomized into the treatment group (n=601) and the control group (n=249).All patients received rational hypoglycemic,antihypertensive,lipids-adjusting treatment and the treatment group received compound danshen drop pill (15 pills,tid),additionally.Laboratory indexes such as urine albumin (UA) and urine creatinine (UCR) were examined 24 weeks after treatment.Results The levels of UA and UCR,and the UA/UCR ratio (ACR) in the treatment group were decreased after versus before treatment.The decreases of UA and UCR had significant differences between the treatment and control group [(39.1±78.7) mg/L vs.(14.7±77.1) mg/L,(1.1±4.5) mmol/L vs.(-0.3± 3.6) mmol/L,t=4.15 and 4.86,both P＜0.01].Conclusions The comprehensive treatment combined with compound danshen dropping pills for 24 weeks can more effectively reduce UA and ACR,thereby it has effects in treating DN and delaying the progression of DN.

Objective To explore the expression and effect of transforming growth factors-β1 (TGF-β1) and heat shock protein (HSP47) on gluteal muscle contracture (GMC). Methods We collected contraction band and adjacent muscle from GMC patients and explored the expression of TGF-β1 and HSP47 using immunohistohemistry, reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Western blot analysis. Results TGF-β1 and HSP47 were intensely expressed in fibroblast cells and vascular endothelial cells. The expression of them increased 8.1-fold and 3.6-fold at the mRNA level, respectively (P<0.05). The same changes were found at the protein level, which increased 11.2-fold and 7.6-fold, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion Up-regulation of TGF-β1 and HSP47 may initiate fibrotic cascade in the gluteal muscles of GMC patients.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical and functional outcome of traumatic segmental defects of the tibia treated by internal bone transport using the the adjustable mono-lateral external fixation.Methods12 patients who underwent internal bone transport using the the adjustable mono-lateral external fixation for traumatic segmental defects in the tibia were reviewed, the length of bone defect was 6～10 cm.ResultsMean follow-up was 14 months. All the cases got primary bone union. The length of time in healing was 9～14 months.ConclusionTraumatic segmental defects of the tibia treated by internal bone transport using the adjustable mono-lateral external fixation is a simple, less traumatic, non-bone graft and effective way.

The cyclodialysis cleft is a rare disease characterized by ocular hypotony and vision loss.Gonioscopy,ultrasound biomicroscopy and anterior segment optical coherence tomography are used to evaluate the cleft before treatment.The evaluation of cyclodialysis clefts provide a basis for the selection of treatment and the evaluation of effect.Current popular therapeutic approaches for cyclodialysis clefts include medical management,laser photocoagulation,transscleral diathermy,cryotherapy,cyclopexy and so on.Medical treatment is effective in small-size cyclodialysis cleft.But the indications and course of medical treatment remains controversial.Although laser photocoagulation,transscleral diathermy and cryotherapy are effective to treat cyclodialysis clefts in some cases,there are some risks,such as ocular damage,uncertainty about the effect and so on.Cyclopexy is the principal method for cyclodialysis clefts that failed to respond to conservative management,including extraocular cyclopexy,intraocular cyclopexy and cyclopexy under endoscopic.The modified cyclopexy is effective which reduces the surgical risk.For keeping the lens,intraocular cyclopexy and cyclopexy under endoscopic are not suitable.Vitrectomy combined with other method for cyclodialysis is effective for cyclodialysis clefts which combined with serious posterior segment damage.

Aim To study the mechanism of action of the new derivative of podophyllotoxin(LN-13)in indu-cing the apoptosis of K562/A02 cells.Methods The MTT method was taken to detect the inhibition of LN-13 and VP-16 on K562/A02 proliferation and inhibi-tion rate and IC50 values were obtained 48 hours later. The K562/A02 cell morphological change induced by LN-13 were observed through Hochest33342 and PI staining after 48 hours later.Flow cytometry was taken to detect the apoptosis of K562/A02 cells induced by LN-13.The reverse transcription-polymerase chain re-action was taken to detect the Bcl-2,Bax,caspase-3 and mdr-1 mRNA expression.The expression of P-gp was detected by Western blot.Results The growth of K562 /A02 cells was obviously inhibited by LN-13 when IC50 value was 3.32 μmol · L-1 .LN-13 could obviously induced cell apoptosis observed by Ho-chest33342 and PI staining.Flow cytometry detection showed that LN-13(2,4,8 μmol·L-1 )could induce cell apoptosis and apoptosis ratio reached 15.0%, 48.0%,68.96%,respectively.The reverse transcrip-tion-polymerase chain reaction showed that LN-13 in-creased the Bax and Caspase-3 mRNA expression,and meanwhile the expression of mdr-1 mRNA decreased. Western blot showed that P-gp expression was de-creased as the LN-13 dose increased.The data were significantly different from those of control group.Con-clusion Podophyllotoxin derivative LN-13 can induce the apoptosis of K562 /A02 cells,which may be close-ly-related to regulating P-gp expression and apoptosis related gene mRNA expression.

BACKGROUND: Three kinds of donor meniscus are commonly used at present, namely cryopreserved, fresh and deep-frozen meniscus, which,however, almost invariably give rise to degenerative changes of various degrees after transplantation.OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcome of transplantation of allograft deep-frozen meniscus and meniscal acellular matrix to determine the most preferable means of allograft meniscus preservation.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment with rabbits.SETTING: Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University.MATERIALS: Sixty-four male Japanese white rabbits with body mass of 3.0 - 3.5 kg.METHODS: This experiment was carried out in the Animal Experimental Center, Second Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University between September 2002 and September 2003. Totally 64 adult rabbits were assigned into 32 pairs according to the body weight to served as the donor and the recipient animals, respectively. The medial menisci was obtained from the bilateral knees of the donor animals with the right one cryopreserved at -80 ℃ and the left prepared into acellular matrix for deep-frozen preservation. The donor menisci were respectively transplanted into the corresponding knee joints of the recipient animal's hindlimbs, with the left side taken as the experimental side and right as control. Gross observation,X-ray examination, and histological examination of the tissues were carried out at postoperative 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks, respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Findings in X-ray, gross observation and histological observation of the grafted meniscus with meniscal measurement and findings in abdominal aorta perfusion.RFSULTS: All the 64 rabbits were observed for result analysis. X-ray examination of the grafted meniscus revealed no obvious changes in either the experimental and control side at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, but mild changes occurred on the control side at 12 weeks, which became obvious at 16 weeks, presented by joint space narrowing, hyperostosis and osteosclerosis below the cartilage of varied severities (with scores of 1.3 and 0.6, respectively, P ＜ 0.05). By gross observation, meniscal atrophy on the experimental side was milder and slower than the control side, with al so lower atrophy rate [(15.14±4.62) % vs (20.97±4.72) % at week 4, P ＜ 0.001, and (19.23±11.27) % vs (32.74±10.43) % at week 16, P ＜ 0.05].Perfusion of the abdominal aorta revealed no revascularization in the surrounding tissues of the meniscus by gross observation in either groups, but histologically, the experimental side showed more favorable structure than the control side at postoperative weeks 4, 8, 12 and 16.CONCLUSION: Meniscal acellular matrix may produce better outcome than deep-frozen meniscus after transplantation and can be a more practical means for preservation of the meniscus.

Objective To explore the effects of military stress on memory function in battlefield environment confined intensive training of peace-keeping soldiers.Methods 41 peace-keeping soldiers were chosen as the research objects.They were tested the memory function,respectively after they trained intensely in the domestic and in Sudan for five months.The memory function included verbal memory:WHO-UCLA auditory verbal learning test (immediate recall,the insert test,the short time delay memories,long delayed recall,long delayed recognition,visual memory) using the Rey Ostereitb Complex Figure (graphics copy and graphic delayed recall).Results The peace-keeping soldiers got lower scores in the insert tested(4.59±2.03) and graphics copy(35.85± 0.36) than in the domestic (4.85 ± 2.21,35.71 ± 0.46,P＞ 0.05),but there was no significant difference.They got lower scores in the immediate recall (41.68±9.87),the short time delay memories (9.27±2.77),long delayed recall (9.12±2.99),long delayed recognition (27.56± 1.70),and graphic delayed recall (16.90± 6.16) than those in the domestic(51.68±8.63,11.73±2.15,12.24± 1.96,29.00± 1.43,23.15±7.16,P＜0.01),and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion The peace-keeping soldiers battlefield environment stress has a certain effect on the soldiers' memory function.