The Ebola virus belongs to the Filovirus family, which causes Ebola hemorrhagic fever (mortality, 25%-90%). An outbreak of infection by the Ebola virus is sweeping across West Africa, leading to high mortality and worldwide panic. The Ebola virus has caused a serious threat to public health, so intensive scientific studies have been carried out. Several vaccines (e.g., rVSV-ZEBOV, ChAd3-ZEBOV) have been put into clinical trials and antiviral drugs (e.g., TKM-Ebola, ZMAPP) have been administered in the emergency setting to patients infected by the Ebola virus. Here, recent advances in vaccines and drugs against the Ebola virus are reviewed.
Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; Ebola Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology ; Ebolavirus ; drug effects ; genetics ; immunology ; physiology ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; virology ; Humans

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of 135 cm Corsair microcatheter inpercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) with antegrade approach via radial artery. Methods From June 2010 to February 2014, a total of 81 patients with CTO lesions treated with 135cm Corsair microcatheter (Asahi Intec Co, Japan) and transradial antegrade approach was enrolled in this study. The success rate of CTO-PCI, the rate of Corsair microcatheter crossing the CTO lesions and the number of balloon catheters utilization were retrospectively analyzed. Unique complications related to the Corsair microcatheter were also documented. Results Success recanalization of CTO were achieved in 73 (90.1%) patients. Crossing the CTO body with Corsair microcatheter was found in 56(84.8%) patients. The number of balloon utilized after Corsair microcatheter crossing the CTO was much lower than that of patients who Corsair microcatheter failed to cross (1.3±0.6 per patient versus 2.8±1.2per patient, P < 0.05). The success recanalization rate of combined using Fielder XT guidewire with Corsair microcatheter was 51.5%. There was no complications related to Corsair microcatheter during the index procedure, no major adverse cardiac events during in-hospital clinical follow-up. Conclusions Corsair microcatheter was safe and effective in the recanalization for CTO with transradialantegrade approach. It can simplify the CTO-PCI procedure and reduce the number of balloon catheters.

Objective:To investigate the expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) protein and BRAF V600E protein in thyroid papillary carcinoma (PTC) and their relationship with clinical factors of PTC. Methods:The expression of ERα and BRAF V600E protein in 1 105 PTC patients was detected by immunohistochemistry. The relationship among ERα, BRAF V600E protein and clinical factors were analyzed. Results:Positive ERα protein was correlated with maleness (χ 2= 6.087, P=0.001), age< 45 years old (χ 2=5.197, P=0.023) and multifocal tumors (χ 2=4.446, P=0.035). Positive BRAF V600E protein was correlated with positive ERα protein (χ 2=6.209, P=0.013), Hashimoto thyroiditis (χ 2=29.388, P<0.001), no lateral lymph node metastasis (χ 2=6.849, P=0.009) and multifocal tumors (χ 2=9.596, P=0.035). Conclusions:ERα expression is more common in male patients, patients younger than 45 years of age, those with multifocal tumors and positive BRAF V600E protein. BRAF V600E protein may inhibit Hashimoto's thyroiditis, tumor growth and the occurrence of lateral lymph node metastasis, and promote the occurrence of multiple focal tumors.

Objective:To analyze the frequency and alteration of circulating dendritic cells (DCs) and subtypes in patients with ST‐elevated acute myocardial infarction(AMI) .Methods:A total of 17 patients with ST‐elevated AMI(AMI group) and 14 pa‐tients with stable angina pectoris(SAP) as SAP group and 15 people with normal coronary angiogram with matched age and gender(control group) were enrolled .The absolute number and percentage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of circulating DCs ,myeloid dendritic cell(mDC) and plasmacytoid dendritic cell(pDC) in the three groups were detected using the 3‐colure staining flow cytometry .The levels of interleukin‐6(IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor‐α(TNF‐α) were detected with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay .In the AMI group ,these indexes were measured on the 7th day after the attack .Results:The per‐centage of circulating DCs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the absolute number of DCs ,the percentage of circulating mDC and pDC in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the absolute numbers of mDC and pDC and mDC/pDC ratio in the AM I group on the day of attack(<24 h) were significantly lower than those in the control group and the SAP group(P<0 .01 or 0 .05) .In the AMI group ,on the 7th day after the attack , the percentages of DCs ,mDC and pDC in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the absolute numbers of DCs ,mDC and pDC and mDC/pDC ratio were higher than those on the day of attack (P<0 .01 or 0 .05) .The level of IL‐6 and TNF‐αin the AMI group on the day of attack were significantly higher than those in the control group and SAP group(P<0 .05) ,and the level of IL‐6 decreased on the 7th day after the attack in the AMI group (P<0 .05) .But there was no significant difference in the percentage of DCs ,mDC and pDC in peripheral blood mononu‐clear cells and the absolute numbers and mDC/pDC ratio between the control group and the SAP group(P>0 .05) .Conclu‐sions:Circulating mDC and pDC are significantly reduced in patients on the day of attack of AM I ,and it can increase to nearly normal on the 7th day after attack .It indicates that the possibility of DCs recruits into coronary plaques and improve the forma‐tion of unstable plaque .

Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of rotational atherectomy in the interventional treatment of coronary chronic total occlusion lesions. Methods: In this retrospective study,a total of 31 consecutive patients with coronary chronic total occlusion(CTO) lesions underwent rotational atherectomy in our hospital from February 2004 to December 2016 were enrolled,and the clinical features were analyzed. Coronary atherectomy was performed if balloon failed to cross the CTO lesions or balloon could not be fully dilated in the CTO lesions after wire crossing. The definition of procedure success was defined as residual stenosis less than 20% after implantation of drug eluting stent and rotational atherectomy. After the procedure, the patients were followed up to observe major adverse cardiac and cerebral vascular events which including cardiogenic death, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, and target lesion revascularization. Results: The 1.25 mm diameter burr was firstly selected in 80.6% (25/31) patients,and 96.8%(30/31) patients used only 1 burr to complete the rotational atherectomy procedure. The complication rate was 9.8% (3/31) including 1 patient with coronary dissection and 3 patients with slow flow or no flow. There was 1 patent with both coronary dissection and slow flow. The procedure success rate was 96.8%(30/31). Interventional treatment related myocardial infarction occurred in 3 patients during hospitalization.The 30 patients with procedure success were followed up 36(11, 96) months. The incidence rate of major adverse cardiac and cerebral vascular events was 13.3% (4/30), of which the cardiogenic death rate was 3.3% (1/30), the myocardial infarction rate was 6.7% (2/30), cerebrovascular accident rate was 3.3%(1/30),and the target lesion revascularization rate was 6.7% (2/30). Conclusion Rotational atherectomy is safe and effective in the interventional treatment of coronary CTO lesions.

Objective:The goal of this study was to analyze the clinical significance of relationship between myocardial collateral and the levels of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐alpha (HIF‐1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A) in patients with coronary chronic total occlusion lesion .Methods:89 patients with coronary chronic total occlusion lesion confirmed by clin‐ical data and coronary angiography were identified .The levels of HIF‐1αand VEGF‐A were measured by ELISA ,and the rela‐tive expression of VEGF‐A of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) were measured by real‐time PCR .The results were statistically analyzed by the statistical programme for social sciences (SPSS version 18 .0) and software SAS JMP 9 .0 .Results:Compared to Rentrop 0‐1 grade group (18/38 ,47 .4% ) ,Rentrop 2 (11/31 ,35 .5% ) and Rentrop 3 (3/20 ,15 .0% ) grade group had fewer diabetes mellitus .Rentrop 2 [(6 .67 ± 1 .41) mmol/L] and Rentrop 3 [(5 .48 ± 1 .26) mmol/L] grade group had low‐er fasting blood glucose than Rentrop 0‐1 grade group [(7 .24 ± 1 .39) mmol/L] .Rentrop 2 (12/31 ,38 .7% ) and Rentrop 3 (3/20 ,15 .0% ) grade group had fewer clinical heart failure (NYHA Ⅱ ~ Ⅳ grade) than Rentrop 0‐1 grade group (20/38 , 52 .6% ) .Rentrop 2 [(85 .5 ± 27 .7) pg/mL ,(139 .5 ± 42 .1) pg/mL] and Rentrop 3 [(103 .3 ± 30 .2) pg/mL ,(162 .6 ± 43 .3) pg/mL] grade group had higher levels of HIF‐1αand VEGF‐A than Rentrop 0‐1 grade group [(42 .0 ± 16 .1) pg/mL ,(76 .5 ± 32 .2) pg/mL] .Rentrop 2 (1 .31 ± 0 .46) and Rentrop 3 (1 .38 ± 0 .44) grade group had higher level of relative expression of VEGF‐A in PBMC than Rentrop 0‐1 grade group (1 .00 ± 0 .28) .Conclusions:Chronic and consistent ischemia and hypoxia in‐duced the increase of expression of HIF‐1αand VEGF‐A is important for establishment of coronary collateral ,increasing blood supply and improving the heart function and prognosis .

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with immediate severe coronary artery spasm(CAS) af‐ter stent implantation .Methods:The clinical data of 6918 patients who received percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) from Jan 2012 to Dec 2013 in Zhongshan Hospital ,Fudan University were retrospectively analyzed .And 102 patients with immediate severe CAS after stent implantation were identified and 204 age‐and gender‐matched patients without immediate severe CAS af‐ter stent implantation were selected as control subjects .The general information ,blood indexes ,number and length of stents in the two groups were compared .Results:Compared with the control group ,the ratios of males ,smoking and dyslipidemia were higher in CAS group (P<0 .05) .Patients with CAS had higher neutrophil count and higher level of high sensitive C‐reactive protein(P<0 .05) and received more and longer stents implantation than the control group(P<0 .05 or 0 .01) .Conclusions:Male patients and patients with history of smoking are prone to have immediate severe CAS after stent implantation .Moreover , patients with more and longer stents implantation are prone to have immediate severe CAS .Inflammation may play an important role in the development of CAS after stent implantation .

Objective: To investigate the incremental value of coronary flow reserve (CFR) assessed by cadmium zinc telluride(CZT)-SPECT as an adjunct to myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Data of 132 patients (89 males, 43 females; 40-81 years) with or suspected with CAD who successfully underwent rest and stress MPI and CFR from November 2017 to October 2018 in Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University were retrospectively analyzed. Based on coronary angiography (CAG) as the " gold standard" , the value of MPI and MPI+ CFR in the diagnosis of CAD was evaluated and compared. χ² test or Fisher exact probability test was used for data analysis. Results: Of 132 patients, 61 (46.2%) were CAD with stenosis of at least 75% in one vessel (47.5%, 29/61), two vessels (34.4%, 21/61), or three vessels (18.0%, 11/61). A total of 104 (26.3%) vessels with stenosis of at least 75%, 25 (6.3%) vessels with stenosis of 65%-74%, and 30 (7.6%) vessels with stenosis of 50%-64% were found in 396 vessels. For detecting coronary stenosis of at least 75%, the sensitivity and accuracy of MPI on per-patient analysis were 86.89%(53/61) and 68.94%(91/132), which increased to 96.72%(59/61; χ²=3.921, P<0.05) and 87.88%(116/132; χ²=13.984, P<0.01) by MPI+ CFR. On per-vessel analysis, the sensitivity and accuracy of MPI were 72.12%(75/104) and 77.53%(307/396) and increased to 96.15%(100/104; χ²=22.511, P<0.01) and 85.10%(337/396; χ²=7.479, P<0.05) by MPI+ CFR. The sensitivity of MPI for predicting one, two, and three vessels disease were 72.41%(21/29), 42.86%(9/21), and 5/11 and were improved to 93.10%(27/29; χ²=4.350, P=0.037), 90.48%(19/21; χ²=10.714, P=0.001), and 11/11 (P=0.012) by MPI+ CFR. For coronary with stenosis of 65%-74%, the sensitivity of MPI was 24.00%(6/25) and was improved to 64.00%(16/25; χ²=8.117, P=0.004) by MPI+ CFR. For coronary with stenosis of 50%-64%, the sensitivity of MPI was 40.00%(12/30) and was improved to 76.67%(23/30; χ²=8.297, P=0.004) by MPI+ CFR. Conclusion As an adjunct to MPI, CFR can significantly improve the sensitivity and accuracy in the diagnosis of CAD, particularly for patients with mild stenosis and multivessel CAD.